"The data presented in this report are based on a survey conducted in April and May 2010 among Zambian adults age 15 and above. Using the 2000 Zambian National Census as the sampling frame and a stratified random sampling design, a nationally representative probability sample of 2,000 respondents wa
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s selected [...] This report is divided into three sections: Chapter 1 - Mass Media Access and Use: Common determinants of access (such as regional distribution, income, and available infrastructure); key issues in Zambians' media use habits, particularly use differences between designated "opinion leaders" and the general population. Chapter 2 - Barriers to Media Access and Use: Profiles of those Zambians lacking access to various mass media; analysis of obstacles to access. Chapter 3 - Media Outlet Preferences in Radio and Television: Audience and programming profiles of specific media outlets." (Page 5)
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"This article analyses the re-emergence of clandestine radio in post-independence Zimbabwe, and how it has become an important tool for disseminating alternative viewpoints in an environment where democratic communicative space is restricted. The article focuses specifically on SW Radio Africa, one
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of the major clandestine radio stations that have been beaming into Zimbabwe since 2001. It argues, based on analysis of this radio station, that by suppressing clandestine radio through jamming signals and intimidating listeners, the government has inadvertently raised people's curiosity and made these stations more visible and more popular than they otherwise would have been. Further, it argues that Zimbabweans are not passive victims of state propaganda. Rather, they continue to devise new communicative spaces outside the dominant state media empire and access alternative viewpoints from an array of emerging platforms." (Abstract)
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"The Radio Instruction to Strengthen Education (RISE) in Tanzania project exceeded its targets and deliverables in every aspect of the project: More primary and secondary beneficiaries were reached, more trainings were conducted, and more resources and equipment were distributed than estimated. Thes
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e figures are principally due to the commitment of the RISE team and the level of the confidence in the program by national institutions (Ministries of Education and Vocational Training and the Tanzania Institute of Education), district officials, schools and local populations [...] RISE built capacity of communities, districts and national institutions for the establishment and maintenance of 180 Tucheze Tujifunze (TuTu) centers in two districts in Zanzibar and 95 Mambo Elimu Community Learning Centers (MECLC) in seven districts in Mainland Tanzania. In addition, RISE reached 246 classrooms in Zanzibar. RISE produced and distributed resources: Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) programs, Interactive Video Instruction (IVI) programs, guides, classroom kits and song and story books. In addtion, RISE distributed user friendly and sustainable equipment (solar radios, MP3s and MP4s) for audio and video training and in-class support, and trained local staff in their care, use and operation. RISE conducted trainings for education mentors, teachers, shehas, head teachers, school management committees, teacher center staff, district officials and district coordinators. It also built the capacity of MoEVT employees in the design, development and production of IRI and IVI programming, printed materials and training programs." (Executive summary)
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"The multipurpose Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) is designed to transfer water from the water-abundant highlands of Lesotho to the Gauteng region of South Africa (its industrial heartland) and provide hydropower to Lesotho through a series of dams, weirs, delivery tunnels, and associated inf
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rastructure (see Box 1). In addition, for Lesotho, one of the primary objectives of the LHWP is to utilize its export revenues toward poverty alleviation and economic stability [...] Being the largest binational water transfer scheme in the world and because of its phasing (Phase I was divided into two very large sub phases, Phase IA and Phase IB, which were followed by the feasibility studies for Phase II), the lessons learned in this case study are multifaceted. They are discussed under the headings of overall perspective; governance; sustainability (focusing on its physical, institutional, fi nancial, environmental, and social aspects as well as its impacts in poverty alleviation); and communication. This is followed by a summary of the lessons learned progressively in moving through the fi rst two phases of the project. The synopsis closes with a look at the lessons learned from the involvement of the World Bank in the project. Because of the complexity of this project, selectivity has been applied in the topics discussed, including focusing mostly on Lesotho." (Synopsis, page ix-x)
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"This paper discusses the effectiveness of farm radio as a tool for enhancing access to agricultural extension services by small scale farmers in Malawi. It outlines the current agricultural extension policies, methodologies and the role that radio can play in improving food security and communicati
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on for rural farmers. The study further explores the challenges faced by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security in utilizing radio, while also addressing opportunities for improvement and recommending strategies for enhancing farm radio initiatives." (www.academia.edu)
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"This book examines different models from around the world of how journalism can support deliberation - the processes in which societies recognize and discuss the issues that affect them, appraise the potential responses, and make decisions about whether and how to take action. Authors from across t
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he globe identify the types of journalism that might best assist or even drive deliberative activity in different cultural and political contexts. Case studies from 15 nations spotlight different approaches to deliberative journalism, including strategies that have sometimes been labeled as public or civic journalism, peace journalism, development journalism, citizen journalism, the street press, community journalism, social entrepreneurism, or other names. Each of the approaches that are described offer a distinctive potential to support deliberative democracy, but the book does not present any of these models or case studies as examples of categorical success. Rather, it explores different elements of the nature, strengths, limitations and challenges of each approach, as well as issues affecting their longer-term sustainability and effectiveness." (Publisher description)
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"Silence lies between forgetting and remembering. This book explores the ways in which different societies have constructed silences to enable men and women to survive and make sense of the catastrophic consequences of armed conflict. Using a range of disciplinary approaches, it examines the silence
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s that have followed violence in twentieth-century Europe, the Middle East and Africa. These essays show that silence is a powerful language of remembrance and commemoration and a cultural practice with its own rules. This broad-ranging book discloses the universality of silence in the ways we think about war through examples ranging from the Spanish Civil War and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to the Armenian Genocide and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Bringing together scholarship on varied practices in different cultures, this book breaks new ground in the vast literature on memory, and opens up new avenues of reflection and research on the lingering aftermath of war." (Publisher description)
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"Leading researchers from different regions of Europe and the United States address five major interrelated themes: 1) how ideological and normative constructs gave way to empirical systematic comparative work in media research; 2) the role of foreign media groups in post-communist regions and the e
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ffects of ownership in terms of impacts on media freedom; 3) the various dimensions of the relationship between mass media and political systems in a comparative perspective; 4) professionalization of journalism in different political cultures—autonomy of journalists, professional norms and practices, political instrumentalization and the commercialization of the media; 5) the role of state intervention in media systems." (Publisher description)
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"Since the 1990s journalism education programs have expanded exponentially around the world, but media freedom has not. Globally comparative, this edited volume assesses journalism education and the challenging environment in which it is delivered in countries with a partly free or not free status a
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ccording to global press freedom. The countries covered include China, Singapore, Cambodia, Palestine, Oman, Egypt, Kenya, Tanzania, Brazil, Russia, Romania, and Croatia. Contributors demonstrate through careful analysis that wealthy nations are able to set the terms of their journalism education while less affluent countries are more open to the influence of foreign NGOs. Although this book evidences the disconnection between what is taught and what can be practiced, it also illustrates the degree to which journalism education can be an agent of change." (Publisher description)
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"The media in much of sub-Saharan Africa is severely constrained by several factors: lack of resources, government pressure, the influence of media ownership and the declining quality of secondary education and professional journalism education. In many countries, newspapers are unable to perform th
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e role of watchdog or effectively educate the public in part because of the difficulties faced by the journalists in their employ. Into the breach has stepped a plethora of foreign organizations which provide journalism training. Some of these are non-governmental organizations with a development agenda that seek to promote education about their causes. Others are the training arms of professional media groups (Thomson Reuters, BBC Trust) or are organizations that work on journalism education (the Berlin-based International Institute for Journalism and the International Center for Journalism in Washington, DC). This study—which includes content analysis and interviews with journalists who have received journalism training—considers these training efforts to see how effective they have been. The paper argues that given the challenges faced by the African media, donor-driven training programs will have only a limited effect on the larger media climate." (Abstract)
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"For almost twenty years, United Nations peacekeeping missions have set up local radio stations in conflict-prone countries - 14 to date, seven of which remain in operation. According to this report, some of the fourteen peacekeeping radio stations implemented by the United Nations contributed more
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to democratisation and media development in certain post-conflict countries than any other media assistance programmes. Surveys have confirmed their popularity and credibility with national audiences, and local journalists have lauded their contributions to media diversity and journalism standards. Nevertheless, Bill Orme states that the UN radios were created without long-term planning. Upon disappearance of UN peacekeeping missions the stations were simply closed, therefore losing their positive effects on democratisation and plurality. Only in Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Radio Okapi) were there serious attempts to continue the stations after the exit of the UN missions. Based on detailed description and analysis of the different experiences, Orme formulates a number of policy steps that would help UN radios to become lasting contributions to press freedom and peacekeeping." (CAMECO Update 2-2010)
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"In late 2009, three newspaper articles appeared in the Kenyan press, contributing to a newly emerging debate in the Kenyan media over government transparency and accountability. Media reporting in Kenya on governance issues, particularly in relation to corrupt practices in public spending, is not n
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ew. What was unusual about these articles was the attention they brought to the specific issue of taxation. Who is paying tax? Who is not paying tax? And what is happening to the revenue? Using evidence from a range of sources, these articles showed the potential for more in-depth questioning and scrutiny of tax issues by the Kenyan media, strengthening the role the media is playing in the development of Kenyan democracy. The three journalists who published the articles had all recently participated in a workshop for researchers, civil society organisations (CSOs) and Kenyan media representatives held in Kenya in November 2009. This workshop was part of a series of interventions delivered by Relay, a media and research communication programme. The Relay programme is managed by Panos London, which runs workshops and other activities with the other institutes within the Panos network, including Panos Eastern Africa. Relay provides training and facilitates relationship-building among key stakeholders to support more in-depth, research-informed media coverage of complex, under-reported or misreported development issues. The long-term goal is to generate public debate that can have an impact on policy and bring about much-needed change. This case study describes some of the methods and activities developed by Relay and how they were applied in Kenya to the issue of tax and governance. It offers a detailed and descriptive account of Relay’s series of workshop sessions, in particular." (Introduction)
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"Peace and Development Network Trust- Kenya (PeaceNet-Kenya) and The Seed Institute commissioned the “Nurturing Nationhood through Peace Media” study to assess the extent to which Vernacular/Community Radio stations cover peace programmes. The study gauged perceptions of audience as well as syst
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ematically quantified media content on indicators such as accuracy, fairness, objectivity and independence. As part of PeaceNet Kenya’s role in peace building and Conflict resolution, the research sought to evaluate variables such as: the depth of coverage of conflict issues, percentages of order restorers’, and the radio trends in addressing restorative justice in Kenya as well as the cultural transformation fronted by the media." (Introduction)
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