"This concise introduction and guide to audience research methods is designed for publishers and editorial teams, especially those of small media outlets. Based on capacity development at IMS, it helps media outlets to make informed decisions about which approaches can provide the most relevant info
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rmation to their research questions. Audience studies can also reveal perception around gender equality and inclusivity, making it possible to identify, measure and overcome gender consumption gaps. The resource pack introduces the essential components of the following methods: online surveys; A/B testing; 1-2-1 interviews; focus groups; personas; observations; design sprints; co-creation. Each method is accompanied by a short introduction, a description of how it operates and its advantages and limitations. The guide’s sections include working examples and case studies that demonstrate how these approaches are used in practice as well as links to further resources. The final section focuses on “triangulation,” a recommended approach which brings together a range of methods that allow outlets to transform audience research into a regular and integral part of operations rather than an ad hoc activity." (Publisher description)
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"Developed with expert advice from market research agency Patternmakers and digital agency Thirst, together with considerable input from several small arts organisations who were involved throughout the design process, the Audience Research Toolkit is a free online resource for anyone who’s new to
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the world of research as well as for experienced marketers and researchers. More than 200 art workers from Victoria’s small to medium sector contributed to the development of the Toolkit, according to Patternmakers’ Managing Director, Tandi Palmer Williams, and their needs and issues directly shaped its content." (www.artshub.com.au)
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"Working status, as traditionally defined by [audience market] researchers, is becoming obsolete in light of contemporary global trends. In today's world, retired individuals often continue to work, and digital transformation has revolutionised the nature of work itself. Recognising these changes, t
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he Demographic Working Group proposes an approach that recognises how this demographic is being used and addresses known problems, such as participants favouring socially desirable responses, ordering effects, and limited response options. The expanded best practice question structure facilitates different aggregations to cover employment status and proxy time availability in different ways." (https://esomar.org)
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"This textbook takes a case study approach to media and audience analytics. Realizing the best way to understand analytics in the digital age is to practice it, the authors have created a collection of cases using data sets that present real and hypothetical scenarios for students to work through. M
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edia Analytics introduces the key principles of media economics and management. It outlines how to interpret and present results, the principles of data visualization and storytelling and the basics of research design and sampling. Although shifting technology makes measurement and analytics a dynamic space, this book takes an evergreen, conceptual approach, reminding students to focus on the principles and foundations that will remain constant. Aimed at upper-level students in the fast-growing area of media analytics in a cross-platform world, students using this text will learn how to find the stories in the data and to present those stories in an engaging way to others. Instructor and Student Resources include an Instructor's Manual, discussion questions, short exercises and links to additional resources." (Publisher description)
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"This set of questions offers a framework for buyers to use when evaluating the offerings of different online sample providers. It updates and replaces the 2012 ESOMAR publication, 28 Questions to Help Buyers of Online Samples. The questions identify the key issues to consider, introduce consistent
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terminology, explain why each question should be asked, and note the issues buyers should expect to be covered in an answer. The intended use of these questions is that they form a basis for a conversation between buyer and sample provider, rather than simply being used as a checklist to compare offerings across providers. The questions do not cover B2B samples, nor do they attempt to cover specific requirements for different types of research such as pricing, new product development, ad testing etc. When online access panels were first introduced in the 1990s, the model was relatively simple: a buyer provided sampling specifications to a panel owner who drew a sample (from that panel). Over the intervening 25 years, online sample selection has changed in two fundamental ways. First, buyers can now access a a broader set of sources that now includes participants in loyalty programmes and rewards communities within “Get Paid To’ sites, customer lists, intercepts from offer walls, affiliate networks, social media, and other platforms, as well as traditional panels that may or may not be owned by the provider. Second, buyers have the option to access these sources directly via self-service tools, rather than relying on a sample provider to generate the sample on their behalf. There have been other important changes as well. Online research has become truly global and mobile devices have become a common data collection platform. The use of online samples has broadened beyond surveys to include qual/quant applications, communities, passive data collection, and so on. Concerns about privacy and data protection have led to a much-changed regulatory environment that imposes new requirements on both sample buyers and sample providers. Quality assurance techniques have become increasingly sophisticated. As a consequence, the number of issues that buyers must consider when choosing a sample provider has increased substantially." (Purpose and scope, page 3)
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"This guideline describes the ethical responsibilities of researchers, regardless of the type of organisation in which they work, when engaged in primary data collection, that is, when collecting data from or about a data subject for the purpose of research. It includes quantitative and qualitative
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methods that involve direct questioning of data subjects, but also methods of passive data collection in which the researcher observes, measures or records an individual’s actions or behaviour. In all cases the key distinguishing features of primary data collection are (a) some direct interaction with data subjects (such as to gain consent) and (b) the purpose being research. Methodologies included, but not limited to, are surveys, focus groups, in-depth interviews, ethnographic studies and some forms of observational research, including mystery shopping. Its audience includes anyone conducting research in any setting. This guideline also is meant to provide guidance for those who commission research to ensure that they are fully aware of their responsibilities and to set expectations about what is and is not possible given established ethical and legal requirements." (Introduction, page 4)
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"Siguiendo con la conexión entre tradición e innovación, la estructura del libro parte de una aproximación teórica al concepto de audiencia y su evolución histórica para, a continuación, explicar las principales metodologías de investigación en audiencias, tanto cuantitativas como cualitat
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ivas, y analizar los sistemas de medición de la audiencia en los diferentes medios: televisión, radio, prensa e Internet. La obra ofrece una reflexión sobre los retos de futuro, con abundantes enlaces y recursos audiovisuales extra que permitan ampliar cada uno de los capítulos." (Editorial)
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"For the past six years, we’ve been investing heavily in phone-based surveys to gather high-quality feedback and social performance data. Our belief has been that, when done correctly, phone-based phone surveys can get high-quality customer data at a fraction of the cost of traditional in-person s
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urveys. With this kind of data in hand, everyone working to make social change—whether governments, social businesses, NGOs, foundations or corporations—can be more flexible and responsive in the services they offer, allowing them to transform “social performance management” from idea into reality. In March of 2020, the world was hit by COVID-19, and nearly every country and society around the world is practicing social distancing and placing restrictions on travel and face-to-face interaction. One of the countless impacts of these changes is that nearly all face-to-face research has been temporarily suspended, and many of the organizations conducting this research are exploring shifting some or all of their work to phone-based surveys. We want to help make this transition as seamless as possible and have put together this free guide to help. It captures many of the most important lessons we’ve learned in conducting phone-based surveys since 2014." (Introduction)
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"In the mid-20th century, when media research came into its own, this task was more straightforward. There were only a few different ways to get news, and all were clearly distinct – print publications, radio or television. But over the past decades, in addition to a plethora of new forms of news
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(from 24-hour news channels to news websites), many news outlets no longer stay confined to producing content on only one platform. For instance, to meet the growing digital audience, newspapers like The New York Times also produce audio podcasts, which can be heard on radio stations through a smart speaker, and video series, which can be seen on a cable TV network through a streaming device (such as a Roku or Fire Stick). And cable news outlets and other news providers have an active presence on Facebook, YouTube and other social media sites, further blurring the line between platforms. Finally, there is an industry-wide concern that news consumption habits are overestimated in surveys where respondents self-report their behavior. Given the increasing complexity and interconnectedness of this news landscape and concerns around overreporting of news consumption, Pew Research Center wanted to explore how best to measure news consumption: Where do currently used survey practices still work and where might changes be in order? This report is the culmination of this effort and is organized into three sections: Chapter 1 looks at the U.S. public’s familiarity with newer concepts related to news; Chapter 2 examines possible ways to improve survey-based measures of news consumption; and Chapter 3 compares survey results to the use of passive data that comes straight from tracking software news consumers downloaded to their digital devices." (Pages 5-6)
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"La tiranía del rating se ha convertido en los últimos años en una expresión muy utilizada por diferentes actores de la industria de los medios de comunicación, que desconfían de la forma en la que las métricas miden el comportamiento de las audiencias. Los compradores, los periodistas, los a
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ctores y los productores ven cada vez más en estas mediciones una moneda de cambio que privilegia la cantidad sobre la calidad. Sin embargo, la investigación comercial de audiencias, y la manera en la que es implementada, ajustada, cuestionada, tolerada o acatada por las industrias mediáticas y publicitarias contemporáneas, es un tema que no ha sido estudiado con suficiente atención. Conscientes de la relevancia y de la urgencia de estos temas, los autores de Contando colombianos cuestionan el funcionamiento de las distintas métricas comerciales; analizan los referentes históricos y conceptuales que motivaron el diseño de estos sistemas de clasificación; indagan acerca de sus consecuencias biopolíticas, filosóficas, sociales y culturales; y plantean modos y soluciones que permitan humanizar y relativizar la influencia, el impacto y el poder de las métricas comerciales. A través del estudio de un amplio rango de medios de comunicación, como el cine, la radio, el internet, la publicidad, la prensa y la televisión, y mediante estudios que abarcan toda América Latina y que se extienden a países como los Estados Unidos, España y China, este libro demuestra que la medición de audiencias no se limita a aspectos económicos y comerciales, sino que incide y define los modos en lo que el ser humano es pensado, gobernado, entendido, estudiado y, en última instancia, valorado y contado." (Sinopsis)
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"Media Audience Mapping & Targeting Techniques in West Africa: 1. Audience measurement and ratings culture: The culture of audience measurement and ratings is still very rudimentary in much of West Africa. Within the current media milieu, where new technologies are yielding new forms of content and
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channels, and given the trends towards multi-media, cross-media and trans-media models, audience insights need to be mainstreamed into the routines of media work by removing the skills deficits and logistics barriers to such effort [...] Media Capacity Building & Institutional Sustainability in West Africa: 1. Journalism professional training: Current journalism training activities have often not been informed by prior diagnosis of particular need, and are not designed to respond to the peculiar realities of the media in West Africa. Training models need to be more customised, coherent and comprehensive by ensuring that beneficiaries go beyond field reporters to include all actors along the value chain; combining a mix of models that are bespoke to particular circumstances; by training and renewing the skills and competences of media practitioners to respond to the digital media ecology [...] Media Ownership Patterns & Implications for Democratic Plurality in West Africa: 1. Regulation of ownership: There are growing concerns about a gradual and insidious hijacking of the media sphere by few dominant private owners and political patrons. Such an outcome raises the spectre of substituting state monopolies with private monopolies. There is a need for regulatory reforms to ensure that pluralism of ownership and diversity of interests are protected and promoted. This could include regulatory restrictions on multiple ownerships, mergers and network affiliations. There must also be transparency and equity in (especially broadcast) licensing processes, and in access to ownership and stakeholder information [...]" (Findings and recommendations, page 2-4)
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"Mobile phone surveys are increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. The main modes include computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), interactive voice response (IVR), and short message service (SMS, or text messaging). But there is surprisingly little research to guide resea
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rchers in selecting the optimal mode for a particular survey. To address this gap, this study compares cross-sectional CATI, IVR, SMS, and face-to-face (FTF) surveys of the general population in Nigeria. We ask four research questions: (1) What are production and response rates to CATI, IVR, SMS, and FTF surveys? (2) How representative (age, gender, education, marital status, literacy, household assets, urbanicity) are CATI, IVR, and SMS respondents relative to FTF respondents? (3) Can IVR and SMS provide an unbiased estimate of voting behavior? If there is bias, to what extent can weights reduce bias? (4) How does the cost and time differ across mobile phone survey modes? We find that FTF had the highest response rate (99%), followed by CATI (15%), IVR (3%) and SMS (0.2%). All mobile phone modes had substantial deficiencies with representativeness: mobile phones underrepresented women, older people, the less educated, and people in rural areas. There were differences in representativeness among mobile phone modes, but differences were relatively small and inconsistent. Both SMS and IVR produced biased estimates of voting relative to official statistics—but SMS was less biased than IVR. Weighting SMS and IVR data for demographic characteristics did not reduce bias. With regard to cost, we find that CATI is the most expensive mobile phone survey mode. For a survey of 3,000 completes, IVR is 43% the cost of CATI, and SMS is 24% the cost of CATI. SMS is significantly less expensive than IVR. We discuss the implications of these results for research and practice." (Abstract)
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"The European Video Measurement Matrix provides a unique reference tool on different audience and verification measurement providers’ capabilities and methodologies. Through this overview, the FreeWheel Council for Premium Video, Europe (FWCE) aims to shed light on similarities and differences acr
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oss the region and open up a dialogue on how metrics should evolve over time to serve the interests of brands and premium video providers alike." (Page 2)
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"As a nonprofit news entity, getting analytics you need to prove your impact to your organization and its funders can be a challenging undertaking given that the rules for other news outlets don’t apply to you. But there are workarounds. This guide covered some of those strategies: Understanding b
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asic site metrics using Google Analytics; Digging deeper into the data to identify your reach in specific geographic areas; Organizing your topics or stories into a database, from which you then search for the impact of those specific topics and stories." (Summary)
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"Este libro pretende plantear, cuando menos, algunas preguntas sobre el problema de las audiencias: ¿cuál es el efecto y el impacto que estas nuevas formas de categorizar a las audiencias pueden tener en la propia industria de los medios y los mercados de la comunicación? ¿Qué corrientes de est
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udio alrededor de las audiencias nos pueden ayudar mejor para explicar este fenómeno? ¿Cuáles han quedado relegadas dentro de esta transformación comunicativa? Además, su interés es mostrar los retos teóricos e investigativos que implica hoy pensar las audiencias, y ofrecer al lector una introducción extensa al problema. Su objetivo es ampliar el debate, moviéndolo de un escenario fragmentado en las visiones sobre la audiencia a uno integrador, que acerca a los investigadores a tener consideraciones que vinculan diferentes preguntas y que permiten acercarse de mejor manera a los individuos, más que a la cuantificación de sus consumos." (Descripción de la casa editorial)
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"Audience measurement techniques currently fail to provide a clear picture of trends in children’s television viewing because of the diversification in devices on which television content can be viewed. It is argued that understanding how children engage with television content is undermined by co
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mmonplace but problematic comparisons of time spent on television viewing and on Internet use, in which it is widely believed that children are deserting ‘television’ for ‘the Internet’. Although it is already well known that television content can be viewed on Internetenabled devices such as tablets, smartphones and laptop computers while Internet content and services can be accessed via Internet-enabled television sets, such viewing cannot be measured satisfactorily at present. While no doubt measurement techniques will continue to improve in accuracy, this article suggests that such measurement difficulties matter at a time when children’s public service broadcasting provision is falling and further threatened." (Abstract)
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