"In over 30 years of history, the field of Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) has asserted itself both within Information Systems (IS) and across disciplines. However, the core assumptions on which the field was built have been questioned over time, resulting in a situa
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tion in which such assumptions—on development, the role of ICTs towards it, and the meaningfulness of the term “developing countries”—have been problematized. As a result, this paper poses the question on whether it still makes sense to do ICT4D research: starting from older ICT4D landscape papers, it fleshes out three main assumptions made at the origins of the field. It then problematizes such assumptions through more recent works, noting that the old theoretical grounds of the field do not apply anymore today. Having said that, it states three reasons for renewed ICT4D research efforts: the reframing of “development” in terms of justice, the potential of multi-theoretical research approaches, and the turn to indigenous understandings of ICTs. For all these reasons, it concludes that doing ICT4D research is especially important today, in virtue of a juncture of history that problematizes its older assumptions." (Abstract)
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"Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit Ansätzen der Kommunikation für Sozialen Wandel (Communication for Social Change, auch Entwicklungskommunikation). Gemeint ist damit die Beschäftigung mit der Rolle von Kommunikation und Medien in gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen, die Nachhaltigkeit auf
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ökologischer, ökonomischer, sozialer und kultureller Ebene anstreben. Dieser Forschungszweig wird oftmals immer noch auf Länder bezogen, die ökonomisch weniger entwickelt sind, zum Beispiel Länder des globalen Südens. Im Gegensatz dazu setzen wir voraus, dass gesellschaftliche Transformation für alle Nationen relevant ist, da strukturelle Formen von Marginalisierung auch in wirtschaftlich starken Nationen auftreten. In der deutschen Kommunikationswissenschaft fand das Feld der KSW in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten nur vereinzelt Beachtung, obwohl es angesichts globaler Metaprozesse und internationaler Konflikte an Bedeutung zunimmt und sich inzwischen auch angrenzende Disziplinen für den Zusammenhang von Medien und gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen interessieren. In Anlehnung an Kritiken des internationalen Feldes formuliert dieser Beitrag einen Ansatz der KSW als Forschungs- und Praxisfeld, das zunehmend soziale Bewegungen und in der Gesellschaft auftretende Formen von Teilhabe und Ausgrenzung von Personengruppen untersucht. Das bedeutet, verstärkt zivilbürgerliche Selbstorganisationen als zentrale Agenten gesellschaftlicher Transformationsprozesse zu betrachten, da diesen zunehmend Einfluss auf Politik und Gesellschaft zukommt. Zudem wird anhaltend gefordert, die Menschen, über die geforscht wird, in den Forschungsprozess einzubeziehen. Die Idee der partizipativen Forschung liegt auch diesem Beitrag zugrunde. Abschließend plädieren wir sowohl für mehr empirische Forschungen als auch für die Etablierung eines Studienganges zu KSW in Deutschland." (Zusammenfassung)
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"This study is a response to the challenge of Development Communication (DevCom) scholar Felix Librero to analyse the status and trends in UP Los Baños DevCom research that may help in reinvigorating the research thrust of the college attuned to the needs of time. As a rejoinder to previous efforts
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of DevCom scholars Gomez and Librero, the authors looked into 35 graduate research studies: 19 Masteral theses and 16 Doctoral dissertations that were produced from 2008 to 2015. The papers were evaluated according to a) Communication Tradition b) DevCom Thread c) Theories used, and d) Research Method employed. The review also revealed that DevCom research is primarily inclined to the Cybernetic tradition, still predominantly influenced by the modernisation paradigm, as demonstrated by the heavy use of linear, one-way communication models and theories such as diffusion of innovations, two-step flow, or extension approaches. This is more evident in the classification of Devcom research into the typologies of Colle and Quebral. Majority of the researches can be classified in the extension thread, although there is a growing interest in community participation theme. On the other hand, following Quebral’s typologies, most of the MS researches are people research, while PhD dissertations are varied and cut across people research, normative and policy researches. The quantitative method, which has been a preferred approach since 1985 when Gomez declared it dominant in DevCom research and even until 2012 in Librero’s review of researches from 2001 to 2010, remained popular among more than half of the researchers while the rest ventured into qualitative, except for a few who tried mixed methods." (Abstract)
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"La comunicación para el desarrollo representa un campo de conocimiento de considerable interés en las dinámicas y procesos del desarrollo, por lo que amerita reconocerla en el contexto peruano. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación, consiste en estructurar una cartografía discipli
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nar en torno a la situación y evolución de su producción científica, los campos, subcampos temáticos que lo componen, así como los espacios y sujetos de intervención. La metodología es descriptiva, se revisaron sistemáticamente 59 informes de tesis recuperados del Repositorio Nacional de Trabajos de Investigación, de las universidades peruanas. Los resultados evidencian una alta concentración de investigación en el último quinquenio (2015-2019), concentrada en algunas universidades, más en públicas que privadas; preferentemente en ciertas regiones territoriales, más en provincias que en la capital. Las investigaciones universitarias analizadas se centran en enfoques de comunicación para el desarrollo que promueven el cambio social y personal; las estrategias de comunicación, relacionadas con las dinámicas de promoción de proyectos locales; los planes de comunicación, que intervienen en el desarrollo asociativo; y los medios comunitarios concernientes a la radiodifusión, y tratamientos informativos sobre los conflictos sociales. Se concluye que la comunicación para el desarrollo en las tesis está orientada desde una disciplina que taxativamente marca al territorio y a lo social." (Resumen)
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"In this article, we assert and demonstrate a particular and enduring adaptability of radio in tandem with observable temporal shifts in development communication theory and practice in Africa. Specifically, we use the historical research method to explore and explain the ideological discourses, pol
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ity contours and social forces that have overlain the role of radio as both an index and an instrument of development in Ghana. The evidence reveals that radio has transitioned through three key milestones in how the technology has been appropriated and applied to national development efforts: from transplantation, through transmission, to transaction. Each of these phases coincides, incidentally, with paradigm shifts in development communication theorizing: from modernization through diffusion to participation. They also coincide, broadly, with three distinctive epochs of ideological shifts in the historical accounting on radio for development in Ghana: from British imperial hegemony, through post-independence command-and-control, to contemporary liberal pluralism." (Abstract)
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"This study used qualitative research involving a documentary analysis of the existing research in Thailand. In all, 60 research studies between 1993 and 2012 [...] were reviewed and analyzed for participatory communication usage and media types. These studies were classified by the purpose of parti
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cipatory communication using: (1) studies focusing on participatory communication as the framework for participatory media, (2) studies focusing on participatory communication as the framework for communication strategies for people participation building, and (3) studies focusing on participatory communication as the framework for people participation in solving problems." (Methodology, page 69)
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"This article renders an account of the rapid institutionalization of the academic field of Communication for Development and Social Change in Spain in recent years following a period of neglect and marginalization. The ongoing expansion of the field of Communication for Development and Social Chang
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e in the Spanish context is understood as a process of implosion, i.e., a collapse inwards, which results from the inconsistencies and weaknesses of fast and late institutionalization. The methodological approach for this inquiry is a documental review of both academic literature and research and institutional reports produced in Spain between 1980 and 2010. Based on this review, the article contrasts the trajectory of the field in Spain with the debates at the international level, establishing relevant continuities and differences." (Abstract)
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"Even though the cliché ‘theory is practice’ registers in most communication for development debates, available evidence seems to suggest there is a growing chasm between the theory and practice of communication for development. This discussion argues that, with the increasing demand by governm
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ents and organisations for communication for development specialists, universities and training providers should rethink their graduate curricula. As course content, teaching methodologies and theoretical paradigms are revisited, trainers need to grill students on how the contestation of power is central to the application of communication in development. This paper advances two arguments. The first is that communication for development training has to begin listening to the innovative thinking that is shaping practice on the ground if the curriculum is to stay relevant. The second is that such programmes have forge strong linkages with development studies departments to ensure that students are well-grounded in development theory and practice." (Abstract)
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"This book identifies the strengths and weaknesses of different methodological approaches to research in communication and social change. It examines the methodological opportunities and challenges occasioned by rapid technological affordances and society-wide transformations. This study provides gr
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ounded insights on these issues from a broad range of proficient academics and experienced practitioners. Overall, the different contributions address four key themes: a critical evaluation of different ethnographic approaches in researching communication for/and social change; a critical appraisal of visual methodologies and theatre for development research; a methodological appraisal of different participatory approaches to researching social change; and a critical examination of underlying assumptions of knowledge production within the dominant strands of methodological approaches to researching social change." (Publisher description)
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"This book critically examines directed social change theory and practice while presenting a conceptual framework of development communication to address inequality and injustice in contemporary contexts. This third edition features significantly revised and updated chapters to include the latest sc
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holarship on, and practices of, media and communication for development. It explores empowerment and social justice to individuals and communities around the world in the context of increasing globalization. Tracing the history of development communication, it looks objectively at diverse approaches and their supporters, and goes on to provide models for the future. It also offers a new chapter presenting the authors' framework foregrounding empowerment and social justice as goals for development communication in the 21st century." (Publisher description)
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"In June 2015 a group of academic researchers from Australian universities and practitioners from Australian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) came together to discuss the use of communication for development (C4D) in their present and future work. The seminar was organised as a pre-conference t
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o the ACFID (Australian Council for International Development) University Network Conference, held in Melbourne on 4th-5th June. The aim was to provide a platform for international development actors involved or interested in communication for development to share experiences, lessons learned and recommendations that could contribute to an improved practice. With the additional aim of strengthening the value of the practice, the event wanted to facilitate connections between practitioners and researchers on C4D-related research projects." (Introduction)
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"The complexity of development and social change and growing tensions between dominant results-based and emerging learning and improvement-based approaches to evaluating development interventions have created major challenges for the evaluation of communication for development (C4D). Drawing on our
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recent research, we identify significant tensions, challenges and issues in evaluating C4D. They include contextual and institutional challenges, problems with attribution and unrealistic timeframes, a lack of capacities in both evaluation and C4D, and a lack of appreciation, funding and support for approaches that are more appropriate for the evaluation of C4D. We propose various strategies that can help to address these challenges and issues, including using a rigorous mixed methods approach, and implementing long-term, holistic evaluation capacity development at all levels and our new framework for evaluating C4D." (Abstract)
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"This chapter examines the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) theology as the implicit background to Robert White's studies on development communication. We will then examine White's influence on the Center for Communication, Media and Society's graduate program in development communication." (Page
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241)
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"This chapter will focus on the theorizing of communication and social change. It will argue that theory must enable people to know the world. It will also argue the limits to token participation and the unsustainability of "behavioral change communication'' that is theorized outside of structures,
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power flows, and cultures. Using the Right to Information movement in India as a case study, this chapter will explore grounded meanings of "voice" and "participation'' and will argue the need for a theory of communication for social change that is informed by people's needs and struggles. If theory is a set of principles informed by and drawn from observations of everyday needs and practice, its explanatory power is bound to remain consistent over time. Theory offers us a framework for knowing the world and the validation of concepts that are critical to apprehending and making sense of reality. I argue in this chapter that the Right to Information movement in India gives opportunities to explore communication and social change theory from the bottom up." (Abstract)
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"This review identifies that while different initiatives can be pursued in different conflict situations, their direction and content needs to be driven by a close understanding of context, which in turn is driven by a range of influencing factors (contextual and programmatic), which in turn reflect
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and build upon existing C4D practice principles. While identifying influencing factors that affect C4D implementation is critical to effective practice, this systematic review also highlights a need for early, more thorough and longer-term C4D interventions within fragile states (especially those that can be characterised by latent conflict and chronic instability). Early communication intervention can help reduce tension and promote reconciliation, but also enable development and humanitarian agencies to be better placed to address situations that may escalate into open conflict." (Conclusions, page 3)
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"This issue of 'Communication Research Trends' provides a survey of the field of sustainable social change and communication in a global context. It starts with a review of introductory works and general overviews and lists some manuals, resource books, journals, and organizations, which are relevan
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t to the field. The second section continues with definitions that circulate in the field and provides entries to materials discussing the history of development communication and related policy and rights issues. Section three reviews approaches and is structured according to dominant paradigms, such as modernization, dependency, globalization and localization, multiplicity, and participation. The final section takes a look at practices and methodologies." (Introduction, page 4)
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"The study of communication for development and social change has been through several paradigmatic changes during the past decades. From modernization and growth theory to the dependency approach and the participatory model, the new traditions of discourse are now characterized by a turn towards lo
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cal communities as targets for research and debate, on the one hand, and the search for an understanding of the complex relationships between globalization and localization, on the other. Our present-day “globalized” world as a whole and its distinct regional and national entities are confronted with multifaceted crises, from the economic and fi nancial to those relating to social, cultural, ideological, moral, political, ethnic, ecological, and security issues. Previously held traditional modernization and dependency perspectives have become more diffi cult to support because of the growing interdependency of regions, nations, and communities in our globalized world." (Abstract)
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"This review identifies that while different initiatives can be pursued in different conflict situations, their direction and content needs to be driven by a close understanding of context, which in turn is driven by a range of influencing factors (contextual and programmatic), which in turn reflect
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and build upon existing C4D practice principles. While identifying influencing factors that affect C4D implementation is critical to effective practice, this systematic review also highlights a need for early, more thorough and longer-term C4D interventions within fragile states (especially those that can be characterised by latent conflict and chronic instability). Early communication intervention can help reduce tension and promote reconciliation, but also enable development and humanitarian agencies to be better placed to address situations that may escalate into open conflict." (Conclusions, page 6)
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