The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility.  The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

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"The study finds that environmental journalism in Cambodia is primarily carried out by field-based reporters and freelancers working largely through digital and multimedia news platforms. Environmental journalists are distributed across 23 locations nationwide, with a significant number based in pro ... more
"This [online course] series was made to equip you with essential tools to protect your work, your sources, and yourself. This practical and accessible resource for journalists offers expert guidance on digital security. Whether you're an investigative reporter, a media professional, or an aspiring ... more
"Journalists operating in conflict zones are at a heightened risk for psychological distress due to exposure to potentially traumatic assignments (PTA). Although considerable research has explored occupational trauma among journalists, there remains a crucial gap regarding the interplay between resi ... more
"[...] the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) has proven critical in providing long- and short-term responses to the threats against information integrity. It strengthens the rule of law through empowering judges, prosecutors, and parliamentarians in prote ... more
"Al inicio del proyecto, cada una de las organizaciones involucradas diseñó sus propios protocolos de seguridad con la asesoría de organizaciones especializadas. La guía sistematiza dichas experiencias para proponer algunas recomendaciones sobre cómo diseñar estos protocolos desde la Acción S ... more
"The Sudan Digital Investigation Hub was created in response to the growing risks posed by information manipulation, online incitement, and the rapid spread of unverified content in conflict settings. Journalists and civil society actors are increasingly required to navigate complex digital environm ... more
"In an age defined by rapid information flows and shifting security landscapes, the resilience of societies rests not only on military strength or technological capacity, but equally on the ability of individuals and institutions to withstand psychological influence and manipulation. Psychological d ... more
"This article examines the lived experiences of conflict reporters to unpick the pitfalls and perseverance in journalism practice in dangerous places. It uses the case of covering the Boko Haram conflict to unpack the risks journalists encounter in reporting on violent extremism. Drawing on individu ... more
"This issue focuses on journalism and social media in Ukraine. The first two articles examine the safety of journalists in Ukraine during the war based on the Worlds of Journalism Study and assess how the security situation during the war influences the practice of ‘patriotic journalism.’ The fo ... more
"The transformations in the media and political landscapes in Egypt over the last decade and their implications on media pluralism and freedom of expression are well documented. However, less is known about how Egyptian journalists themselves experience these changes; how their relationships with au ... more
"Outside of the occasional inclusion of a handful of prominent South African media cases, African journalism is generally under-represented in studies of journalism practice and safety. Community media in Africa is even more neglected, and is often omitted entirely from consideration despite the pre ... more
"With this Policy Manual, we provide guidance for building an information space free from oligopolistic control, resilient to manipulation, and supportive of independent, pluralistic media. This Policy Manual proposes both structural reforms and targeted mitigation measures – focusing on media vis ... more
"This study explores contemporary journalists’ autonomy and role in the Ethiopian contested media practice by taking journalists working in Amhara Media Corporation (AMC). A qualitative research approach was used to collect data from journalists and admin staff. For triangulation, this study combi ... more
"In 2019, 51 people were killed in terror attacks at two mosques in Christchurch, a city on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand with a population of around 400,000 people. It was the deadliest mass shooting in the country’s history and the first terror attack of its kind on home soil ... more
"This report presents findings from the third wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS3), conducted between 2021 and 2025. In this iteration, we focused on journalists’ perceptions of risk and uncertainty in their profession and sought to identify key factors that shape how journalists navigate ... more
"1 Don’t call it 'mental' health or 'psychosocial' if you want to attract a wide audience! Replace it with “healthy working culture” and “good leadership skills.” 2 Fix the system not the workers (but include support to relieve individual suffering) - address the cause of the problem in a ... more
"While online harassment directed towards women journalists are under wide discussion, the mechanism of audience intervention in stopping online harassment is less explored. Integrating bystander invention, ambivalent sexism, and social identity theories, we propose and test an integrative framework ... more
"Despite the pervasiveness of workplace sexual harassment, the connection between sexual harassment and job satisfaction in the news industry remains insufficiently researched. This 16-country and one state study (N*=*1583) sampled news personnel from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Arab ... more
"Twenty-nine (29) countries are implementing fifty-six (56) national mechanisms for the safety of journalists, media workers and social media producers. Over two thirds of operational national mechanisms implement measures in at least two of the safety areas – prevention, protection or prosecutio ... more