Filter
58
Featured
Free Access
36
Key Guidance
1
Top Insights
1
Topics
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
36
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
15
Humanitarian Law
11
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
8
Media Law & Regulation
8
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
7
War Reporting
6
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
5
Human Rights Protection
5
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
5
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
4
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
3
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
3
Open Data
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Freedom of Expression Principles
2
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Defamation Law & Regulation
2
Investigative Journalism
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Advocacy
1
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Self-Censorship
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
War Crimes
1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Council of Europe
1
UNESCO
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Legal Protection
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Safeguarding Media Freedom in the Age of Big Tech Platforms and AI: Policy Manual
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2025), 147 pp.
"With this Policy Manual, we provide guidance for building an information space free from oligopolistic control, resilient to manipulation, and supportive of independent, pluralistic media. This Policy Manual proposes both structural reforms and targeted mitigation measures – focusing on media vis
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"This practical guide aims to provide journalists with concrete legal tools to deal with online harassment, be it to identify punishable offences, to seek help from appropriate organisations, to efficiently gather evidence and to take steps should they decide to file a complaint against the perpetra
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"This Field Guide summarises the legal protection and responsibilities of media professionals operating in armed conflicts. It focuses on international humanitarian law (IHL) – also known as the ‘law of armed conflict’ – and sets out some aspects of international and UK criminal law. It is i
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“No One Is Going to Silence Me”: A Comparison of the Conditions for Press Freedom and Independent Journalism as a Prerequisite for Democracy in the United States, Sweden, and Egypt
"This chapter looks at the status of the freedom of the press, and the legal possibilities and obstacles that affect media’s ability to hold power to account and safeguard the principles of democracy. The legal environment in countries as diverse as the United States, Egypt, and Sweden differs gre
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Media freedom and journalist safety in the UK Online Safety Act
Journal of Media Law, volume 15, issue 2 (2024), pp. 179-212
"In the digital era, journalists are targeted with online abuse including serious threats of violence. These censorship tactics are a direct threat to media freedom. Although the UK Government intended to tackle online abuse of journalists in the Online Safety Act 2023, provisions fit for that purpo
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Evaluating the Legal Protections for Journalists in China: Challenges and Recommendations for Strengthening Press Freedom
Law & Economy, volume 3, issue 5 (2024), pp. 33–40
"This paper examines the current state of legal protections for journalists in China, focusing on the challenges they face and proposing comprehensive recommendations to enhance press freedom. It analyzes the historical evolution of these protections, the existing legal framework, and compares them
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Swedish journalists' perceptions of legal protection against unlawful online harassment
Frontiers in Sociology, volume 8, issue 1154495 (2023), 12 pp.
"This study examined journalists' perceptions regarding the legal system's ability to protect them against online harassment. By utilizing open-ended survey responses from respondents with varying levels of trust in the legal system, the findings suggested a need for increased technical proficiency,
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Weaponising the Law: Attacks on Media Freedom
Top Insights
Thomson Reuters Foundation; Tow Center for Digital Journalism (2023), 50 pp.
"The purpose of this report is to provide the first step towards a global overview of the weaponization of the law as a prominent threat to media freedom. In doing so, we offer a resource that can be used to empower those seeking to navigate the shifting legal environment and support those working t
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International organizations that protect journalists' rights in international law
Proceedings of International Conference on Scientific Research in Natural and Social Sciences, volume 2, issue 6 (2023), pp. 184–190
"The protection of journalists' rights is critical for the preservation of freedom of expression, the rule of law, and democracy. International organizations play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and well-being of journalists worldwide. This article examines the international legal framework th
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Beyond Self-Censorship: Hong Kong’s Journalistic Risk Culture under the National Security Law
China Journal, volume 90 (2023), pp. 129-153
"Professional and liberal-oriented news media in Hong Kong have been under severe political pressure since the establishment of the National Security Law in 2020. Journalists now have to navigate a more dense and uncertain legal minefield. Self-censorship has intensified. This article argues that se
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Global Case-law on Violence Against Journalists
New York: Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression (2022), 46 pp.
Fighting SLAPPs: What Can Media, Lawyers, and Funders Do?
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2022), 16 pp.
"Strategic lawsuits against public participation, or SLAPPs, are lawsuits taken against media organizations or activists with the sole purpose of silencing them. They typically involve a huge disparity in resources and the claimant’s tactic is to use the lawsuit, or threat of a lawsuit, to divert
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Sedition and Freedom of Expression for Journalists in Botswana: A Comment on Mokone v Attorney General and Others
Journal of African Law, volume 66, issue 2 (2022), pp. 355-366
"Journalists play an important role in promoting and facilitating the right to freedom of expression. To promote and facilitate freedom of expression effectively, they should be free to perform their duties without fear of reprisals, intimidation or harassment. Journalists should carry out their dut
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Protecting journalists from harassment: Comparing existing protection mechanisms and the effects on democracy
In: Success and failure in news media performance: Comparative analysis in the Media for Democracy Monitor 2021
Gothenburg: Nordicom (2022), pp. 59-77
"There is a quickly increasing body of studies and reports on harassment and intimidation of journalists around the world. These series of acts have a chilling effect on media freedom and journalists’ freedom of expression. The research literature on the topic has mostly focused on intimidation an
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SLAPPs against journalists across Europe
Article 19; Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) (2022), 86 pp.
"This report provides a Europe-wide overview of lawsuits that are taken to stifle scrutiny and public debate on issues such as corruption, mismanagement of public resources, and human rights violations. Such lawsuits, known as strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs) are taken by pow
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Protecting the Messenger: An International Humanitarian Law Perspective
Journal of Mediation and Applied Conflict Analysis, volume 8, issue 1 (2022), pp. 38-58
"The war in and against Ukraine has brought home the importance of accurate, trustworthy reporting — even from dangerous places. In mediation, particularly mediation arising from armed conflict, it is difficult to overstate the importance of accurate information to help mediate between claim and c
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UNESCO’s Judges’ Initiative: Training the Custodians of the Legal System on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and the Safety of Journalists
Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, volume 25, issue 1 (2022), pp. 54-76
"Human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Within the framework of international human rights law, the right to freedom of expression particularly stands out, as it constitutes a pre-requisite for the fulfilment of other fundamental rights. In this regard,
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