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The Protocol Gap: Brazil

Sérgio Spagnuolo, Ester Borges, Bruno Fiaschetti, Paula Miraglia

Journalism Relay Project; Momentum; International Fund for Public Interest Media (IFPIM) (2026), 12 pp.

"An overwhelming majority of news websites in Brazil have either no AI-scraping policy at all or a very permissive approach. As of November 2025, only 7.2% of Brazilian news websites disallow at least one AI crawler through the use of a robots.txt file, even though most news sites (75%) have a robot ... more

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The Local News Playbook: Creating Value for a Sustainable Future
Deep Insights

London; Miami: FT Strategies; Knight Foundation (2026), 105 pp.

"Drawing on global interviews with newsroom leaders, a cross-market survey of exemplary organisations, and FT Strategies’ work with more than 1,000 media businesses worldwide, the playbook identifies the core drivers that distinguish financially sustainable, community-rooted local news. It reframe ... more

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SpinozAI: Augmenting Journalism with Innovation and Ethics

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2025), 15 pp.

"The Spinoza project aims to develop an open-source AI tool that ensures the integrity, traceability, and ownership of its data. It is co-designed with journalists and publishers and its first prototype focuses on climate change issues. The initial concept was launched by Reporters Without Borders ( ... more

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Platform journalism on YouTube: A democratic functions approach to analysing journalism on digital platforms

Christopher James Hall

Australian Journalism Review, volume 47, issue 1 (2025), pp. 97-115

"Independent youtubers who create content on political, social and economic issues attract very large audiences and are increasingly the object of study for journalism scholars. This article contributes to the literature by conducting a detailed analysis of the Australian YouTube channel friendlyjor ... more

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Generative AI in African News Media: Opportunities and Challenges

Trust Matsilele, Lungile A. Tshuma

Routledge (2025), 211 pp.

"Featuring diverse case studies from South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Eswatini, the collection explores how African newsrooms are adopting generative AI. Contributors analyse the use of AI presenters, audience perceptions of AI-generated content, gamification strategies in newsroo ... more

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The Palgrave Handbook of Global Digital Journalism

Bruce Mutsvairo, Kristin Skare Orgeret (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2025), xxi, 444 pp.

"This book responds to mounting calls to broaden the theorization of digital journalism, addressing critical questions about an emerging yet rapidly expanding area of study, and presenting multiple entry points and approaches that help us understand digital journalism better. Seeking to establish it ... more

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Analysis of monetization tools for media, bloggers and media personalities in Armenia, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine: Overview of the financial landscape for digital content creators

Arthur Papyan, Anna Barseghyan, Oleg Khomenok

Fojo Media Institute (2025), 49 pp.

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Impacto de programas de apoyo de grandes plataformas digitales a medios de comunicación en América Latina: Los casos Google News Initiative y Meta for Media

Santiago Marino, Agustín Espada

Montevideo: Observacom (2025), 43 pp.

"1. Los apoyos, herramientas y recursos económicos analizados no son ni cercanamente suficientes para reducir los daños que su capacidad de control genera en los medios ni en la actividad periodística. 2. El impacto cuantitativo es relativamente menor; esto sucede tanto en lo económico como en ... more

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From Crisis to Renewal: Addressing AI’s Impact on Our Information Ecosystem

Lena Maria Böswald, Roa Powell, Tyreese Calnan

Berlin: Interface – Tech Analysis and Policy Ideas for Europe (2025), 18 pp.

"AI-driven search-summary features, with Google's AI Overviews (AIOs) being the most promiment example, are rapidly transforming how people access news, with profound implications for our information ecosystem. While AI holds potential to improve access to information, its current deployment risks u ... ndermining the sustainability, diversity, and reliability of news. As AI summaries summarise information directly within search results, they can significantly reduce traffic to news publishers. Evidence suggests users are less likely to click through to original sources when AIOs are present on Google, threatening the financial viability of journalism. These impacts from AI summaries and AIOs in particular are unlikely to be evenly distributed and will play out in different ways across the news sector across Europe, with smaller and ad-funded outlets particularly vulnerable, raising concerns about declining media plurality. At the same time, AI-generated summaries often fail to provide accurate and diverse information. Research shows that AI tools disproportionately rely on a narrow set of sources, marginalising smaller publishers. In addition, persistent issues with accuracy – including misleading or incorrect outputs – risk distorting public understanding and weakening trust in information systems. Current regulatory frameworks in both the EU and UK are struggling to address these challenges effectively. While multiple legal instruments are relevant and already in place – including competition law, platform regulation, copyright, and AI governance – none are fully equipped to respond quickly and comprehensively to the harms of monopolisation and the lack of remuneration for media outlets posed by AI summaries. We argue that competition policy offers the most effective and immediate route to intervention, with digital regulation serving as a secondary lever. The UK’s approach, based on flexible, case-specific competition rules, enables faster action through tailored conduct requirements for dominant firms like Google. In contrast, the EU’s framework is broader but slower, relying more heavily on traditional, time-intensive antitrust investigations and ongoing debates around copyright and remuneration for publishers. Both systems offer complementary strengths, and policymakers should learn from each other’s approaches. We therefore recommend a “competition-first” policy package to ensure fairer outcomes. Key measures include enforcing fair ranking and attribution practices, preventing unauthorised use of publisher content, and potentially requiring platforms to compensate news organisations. However, competition policy alone is not the key. We therefore propose additional long-term interventions, including greater transparency through “nutrition labels” for AI-generated content and increased public or democratic funding for journalism. These measures aim to strengthen the resilience and independence of the news sector, ensuring that trustworthy information remains accessible in an information ecosystem shaped by AI." (Executive summary) more

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Behind the Screen: How Successful Multi-Platform Journalist Jacque Manabat Uses TikTok to Reach a New Audience

Jacque Manabat, Vanessa Buchmann

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), September 24 (2024)

"[...] TikTok is much more than just a social network. Increasingly, it serves as a search engine, connecting its users with trends, music, and news—the latter in a significant way. Various studies indicate that TikTok has now become the primary news source for Gen Z, with this trend on the rise. ... more

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Erwachen aus dem Äther: Reformvorschläge für die digitale Zukunft öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien

Torben Klausa

Berlin: Agora Digitale Transformation (2024), 18 pp.

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El hormiguero II: Estudio de los medios nativos digitales en Latinoamérica y primera aproximación a los nativos digitales latinos en Estados Unidos
Deep Insights

Germán Rey et al.

Cartagena: Fundación Gabo; Google News Initiative (2024), 149 pp.

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Télévisions et médias sociaux au Congo: Positionnement informationnel et espace public (1990-2018), tome 1

Jonas Charles Ndeke

Bertrand Cabedoche (préface)

Paris: L'Harmattan (2024), 268 pp.

"Quel est l’impact du contexte socio-historique sur la production de l’information au Congo ? Quel est le positionnement informationnel des chaînes Télé-Congo et DRTV ? Qu’est-ce qui justifie cette médiation nationale ? Quels sont les types d’espaces publics en œuvre en contexte congola ... more

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Handbook of Digital Journalism: Perspectives from South Asia

Surbhi Dahiya, Kulveen Trehan (eds.)

Singapore: Springer (2024), lxv, 589 pp.

"Handbook of Digital Journalism: Perspectives from South Asia is a descriptive, exploratory book on digital journalism practices and policies followed in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. It brings in-depth perspectives on content, communication, and community between communication th ... more

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Inteligência Artificial e Jornalismo Móvel: Contextos, Tendências, Práticas e Perspectivas

João Canavilhas, Catarina Rodrigues, Fábio Giacomelli (orgs.)

Covilhã: Universidade da Beira Interior (2024), 270 pp.

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Global Project Oasis: A study of the impact, innovation, threats, and sustainability of digital native media in more than 65 countries

Janine Warner, A. Martin del Campo, Natalie Vanhoozer, Naimid Cirelli, David LaFontaine, James Breiner

SembraMedia; Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD); European Journalism Centre; International Media Support (IMS); AJOR (2024), 98 pp.

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AI Adopition in Bangladeshi Newsrooms 2024

Maliha Tabassum

Dhaka: Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI); Asia Foundation (2024), 40 pp.

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Understanding Homeless Media: A Study on Social Media Based Informal Local News in Five Indonesian Cities

Geger Riyanto et al.

Remotivi; Internews (2024), 107 pp.

"Homeless media refers to news outlets that initially distributed information solely through social media, with the majority of them now based on Instagram. Nowadays, as our findings suggest, homeless media outlets have emerged as an important source of local news, referred to for their quick update ... and locally relevant content. Using content analysis of their news, interviews with homeless media founders and personnel, and discussions with media audiences, this study attempts to understand their emergence and dynamics, how they are positioned among other actors in the contemporary Indonesian media landscape, and their prospects and issues. [...] The following are the main findings of this study: • Homeless media outlets are mostly run informally, with only a few employees. Only one from nine we interviewed is registered as a media entity, and that was only after years of operation. There are two homeless media outlets that are only managed by one person. Others are mostly managed by two to five people. They may hire more on occasion if they need to create higher-quality content, such as endorsements. • Four homeless media outlets we interviewed began as something entirely different, such as hobby, community, or paid Instagram promotion pages. They changed course after noticing increased engagement by providing local news, as well as citizens voluntarily sending them newsworthy incidents to be published. • As the majority of homeless media outlets are not legally registered as a media entity, this raises concerns about governance among government officials and journalists. However, our homeless media interlocutors stated that they have implemented an internal code of conduct, particularly in terms of filtering misinformation. • The informality of homeless media outlets provides them with advantageous flexibility, allowing them to respond to audience submissions or circulating internet content while making quick decisions about what content to publish. • The most engaging content on homeless media is related to crime, followed by city facts, eccentric citizen behavior, city romantization, commotion among citizens, and accidents; however, they most frequently post about shopping/service recommendations, government policies, crime, culinary recommendations, and city facts. • Homeless media outlets provide impressively specific and local news to their audiences immediately after it occurs, thanks to audience submissions and the circulating local social media content. They function as an effective local information hub. • Nonetheless, because homeless media outlets rely on social media as a publishing platform and distribution channel, losing their accounts, whether due to a social media ban or hacking, can pose a significant risk to their operations. Our interlocutors have no plans to mitigate the risk. This happened to another account managed by @merapi_uncover personnel, and they were unable to do anything about it. • Many of our audience interlocutors admit to being first exposed to local news through homeless media, and they actively use homeless media outlets to learn about recent events in their community, such as incidents they witnessed or traffic jams. • Homeless media’s most engaging content—city facts and romantization—evokes a sense of connection between the audience and their city. • Although not all, homeless media outlets may become participatory spaces, with citizens using them to draw attention to incidents or public issues, or to respond to other posts. [...]" (Executive summary, pages 3-5) more

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Non-News Websites Expose People to More Political Content Than News Websites: Evidence from Browsing Data in Three Countries

Magdalena Wojcieszak, Ericka Menchen-Trevino, Bernhard Clemm von Hohenberg et al.

Political Communication, volume 41, issue 1 (2024), pp. 129-151

"Most scholars focus on the prevalence and democratic effects of (partisan) news exposure. This focus misses large parts of online activities of a majority of politically disinterested citizens. Although political content also appears outside of news outlets and may profoundly shape public opinion, ... more

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Digitale Formate entwickeln: Wie Redaktionen neue Ideen umsetzen

Mark Heywinkel

Tübingen: UVK (2023), 155 pp.

"Dieses Buch hilft Ihnen dabei, digitale Produkte zu entwickeln. Praxisnah erklärt Mark Heywinkel die Grundlagen der Formatentwicklung. Er zeigt, in welchen Phasen Redaktionen ihr Publikum analysieren, Produktideen erdenken, Prototypen bauen und geordnet Formate erstellen können. Ein Buch für all ... more

The Local News Playbook: Creating Value for a Sustainable Future Deep Insights

El hormiguero II: Estudio de los medios nativos digitales en Latinoamérica y primera aproximación a los nativos digitales latinos en Estados Unidos Deep Insights

The Local News Playbook: Creating Value for a Sustainable Future
Deep Insights

El hormiguero II: Estudio de los medios nativos digitales en Latinoamérica y primera aproximación a los nativos digitales latinos en Estados Unidos
Deep Insights