"Hunger gehört zu den elementarsten menschlichen Erfahrungen. Etwa jeder zehnte Mensch auf der Welt hungert. Jeden Tag sterben etwa 24.000 Menschen an den Folgen von Hunger, etwa alle 13 Sekunden ein Kind unter 5 Jahren. Hunger ist aber keineswegs ein unabwendbares Schicksal. Das Welternährungspro
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gramm der Vereinten Nationen bezeichnet Hunger als »das größte lösbare Problem der Welt«. Politisch wie medial wird das Thema aber radikal vernachlässigt. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden 39 Medien ausgewertet, darunter über 8.000 Ausgaben von Nachrichtensendungen, circa 500 Episoden von politischen Talkshows und mehr als 1.000 Ausgaben von Printmedien mit etwa 37.000 Druckseiten." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"This article draws upon a multi-sited ethnography of everyday labour in Lebanon’s digital cash assistance for Syrian refugees. The datafication of humanitarian infrastructures generates technological breakdown, gaps in data and incredibly strict and cumbersome rules. In response to impediments re
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lated to biometric identification and automated poverty targeting, this article argues that humanitarian staff, refugee recipients and community members engage in ‘repair work’ – the subtle and quotidian labour that goes into addressing fragility and maintaining functionality. Inspired by feminist studies of labour, repair work is found to be invisible in being undervalued, unpaid and reproductive, which is reminiscent of labour that has historically fallen to disenfranchised people. Repair work also enables data workers to assert their autonomy and contest infrastructures that they framed as being unreasonable and unjust. In doing so, findings suggest that repair work is fundamental to the ability of data-driven aid programmes to cater to the needs of populations in crisis. This paper marks two contributions to understanding the promise and perils of ‘Technology for Good’: it introduces repair work as a novel conceptual framework to analyse labour involved in the datafication of aid, and it applies new empirical evidence to critical studies of data work." (Abstract)
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"Since the early 2010s, humanitarian donors have increasingly contracted private firms to monitor and evaluate humanitarian activities, accompanied by a promise of improving accountability through their data and data analytics. This article contributes to scholarship on data practices in the humanit
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arian sector by interrogating the implications of this new set of actors on humanitarian accountability relations. Drawing on insights from 60 interviews with humanitarian donors, implementing agencies, third-party monitors and data enumerators in Somalia, this article interrogates data narratives and data practices around thirdparty monitoring. We find that, while humanitarian donors are highly aware of challenges to accountability within the sector, there is a less critical view of data challenges and limitations by these external firms. This fuels donor optimism about third-party monitoring data, while obscuring the ways that third-partymonitoring data practices are complicating accountability relations in practice. Resultant data practices, which are aimed at separating data from the people involved, reproduce power asymmetries around the well-being and expertise of the Global North versus Global South. This challenges accountability to donors and to crisis-affected communities, by providing a partial view of reality that is, at the same time, assumed to be reflective of crisis- affected communities’ experiences. This article contributes to critical data studies by showing howmonitoring data practices intended to improve accountability relations are imbued with, and reproduce, power asymmetries that silence local actors." (Abstract)
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"Humanitarian crises are challenges affecting millions of people. They are diverse and global – be they natural disasters, famine crises, conflicts or wars. However, the attention of the global public is usually focused on a few, particularly prominent crises. With this Crisis Report, which is bei
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ng published for the ninth year in a row, CARE puts ten underreported crises and the people affected into focus. The facts speak for themselves: as a consequence of these underreported crises, around 34.8 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance. As in the last two editions of our report, these crises take place exclusively in Africa. While conflicts, hunger crises and extreme weather events in countries such as Angola, Mozambique and Niger have a massive impact on the lives of those affected, the emergencies largely escape global attention. Our media analysis for the year 2024 shows the weighting of reporting on humanitarian crises at a global level. A total of 43 crises were analyzed for the report. Each of these affected at least one million people. Of the total of 5.6 million online articles analyzed, 2.7 million articles - almost half - are about the devastating conflict in Gaza. Numbers never capture the scale of human suffering. In many of these crises, mothers, fathers and children struggle to survive on a daily basis - often without access to basic humanitarian aid or international support. And underreporting on a crisis is often accompanied by a lack of financial support for people in need.." (Introduction, page 3)
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"For the second year in a row, all ten of the most under-reported crises are in Africa. From conflict in Angola to climate change in Zimbabwe, every entry in this report represents countless human tragedies taking place in the shadows of the world’s gaze. Our second most under-reported crisis coun
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try, Burundi, briefly hit the headlines in the summer of 2023, when ten Burundian handball players ran away from the Under-19 World Cup in Croatia. They later turned up in Belgium seeking asylum, after which the media spotlight turned away again – the individual stories behind Burundi’s shocking poverty statistics once again unheard." (Introduction, page 3)
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"This article interrogates the simplistic juxtaposition of protectors and protected in South Sudan’s Protection of Civilians (PoC) sites, by asking: who was civilian in South Sudan, and how were civilians being protected? We present a civilian landscape that is much broader and more complex than t
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he dominant PoC imaginary. Drawing attention to civilians who engage in professional tasks, the article considers the everyday practices of humanitarians and journalists. This illustrates that the category of ‘civilian’ is not the bureaucratic or legal certainty suggested by international law or PoC discourse, but unstable, shifting and constructed through everyday practice." (Abstract)
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"Effective communication of disaster threats to decision makers and at-risk communities is a growing challenge in a people-centred approach to disaster risk reduction. Traditional communication approaches tend to involve either top-down risk management practices or bottom-up community health and edu
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cation practices. But an alternative blended approach emerges from the academic realm of science communication. In practical terms, the science communication lens focuses attention on a trio of practices for DRR: one-way dissemination of risk information to a broad public; two-way dialogues that identify, engage and consult with specific stakeholders in the risk management process; and three-way participation initiatives that enable informed conversations between communities and decision makers and within communities themselves, to motivate action. The strategic intent of communications – whether that be promotion, persuasion or partnership – ought to be guided by a ‘theory of change’ that delivers clear and coherent DRR goals and by training programmes that recognise the need to integrate a variety of interventions from across the communication continuum." (Abstract)
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"Journalists have often been considered the "fourth emergency service". They are first on the scene, alongside paramedics, fi re and police, running towards danger rather than away, and providing independent, veritable and crucial information in the public interest. And yet, unlike frontline workers
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, little (if any) counselling or training is offered to journalists on how to deal with the horrors they witness, and the trauma they absorb from being at the forefront of human suffering. Further, limited to no training is given to student journalists on how to prepare themselves for trauma, be it from war scenes to the everyday "death knock". New research is demonstrating a rise in post-traumatic stress disorder amongst journalists resulting from the "everyday" trauma they encounter. There is also a noticeable increase in reluctance from new journalists to undertake emotionally distressing assignments. Editors in industry are now calling for educators to invest in curricula that centre around understanding how to cope with distress and trauma, and why work like this is vital to facilitate the work journalists do hold power to account. This book investigates the cause and effect of trauma reporting on the journalist themselves and provides a toolkit for training journalists and practitioners to build resilience and prepare themselves for trauma. It draws on national and international experiences enabling readers to gain valuable insight into a range of contemporary issues and the contexts in which they may work. This edited book offers a blend of academic research studies, evidence-based practitioner interviews, and teaching resources drawing on the experiences of journalists and academics nationally and internationally." (Abstract)
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"The main conclusions drawn from the analysis of online opinions during natural disasters in Africa are highlighted below:
Climate change is one of the main concerns of the African population in recent years. This climate problem is considered to be causing more and greater natural disasters on the
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continent. Therefore, it is observed how this issue occupies most of the topics of analysis, from education, the health system or employment and economy.
Most online conversations during natural disasters (75%) share information about the natural hazard and make emergency calls for action.
In relation to employment and economy, one of the most persistent narratives is about how natural disasters affect the countryfs agriculture, one of the most emerging sectors in the continent.
Citizen concerns after a natural disaster intensify when they coincide with other health problems, as has happened in the past with Ebola, Malaria or COVID-19.
The population is particularly concerned about how natural disasters affect the most vulnerable people, such as women, children, the poorest population or minority communities such as the Ogiek in Kenya.
Between 2% and 6% of the comments generated online when a natural event occurs are questions. The topics with the highest concentration of questions are the economy and employment, education and action to help vulnerable populations.
By analyzing the online conversations during some past natural disasters, it has been possible to understand how these conversations are configured when an event occurs. By monitoring certain topics such as health or education, the order of concerns of the population can be understood at all times and how this evolves over time. At the same time, identifying specific questions around the different topics and countries, it helps to understand the main concerns or needs from the citizens when a natural hazard occurs. In addition, using the top keywords, you can identify what the population is talking about to a greater extent. This, together with the identification of qualitative insights, can gain a better understanding of citizen concerns and identify possible areas for action." (Conclusions)
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"When aid professionals adopt high tech pilot projects, ignorance, blind faith, misplaced trust, and authentic expertise all come into play. Based on ethnographic research in Jordan, I examine how a refugee aid organisation produces and applies a blockchain pilot. Innovative pilots help internationa
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l aid organisations attract and maintain their funding sources and reputations. I argue that The Blockchain Pilot is ‘conjured’ as a product to be promoted to a marketplace of aid donors. ‘Conjurings’ are the spectacles and magical appearances that draw an audience of investors. Ethnographic research suggests that conjurings drive capitalist markets. Rather than just requiring knowledge and expertise, I argue that conjurings entail key forms of ignorance: (i) confusion, (ii) illusion, (iii) disappearance, and (iv) misdirection. This ignorance is both strategic and inadvertent. Ignorance, just like knowledge, is shaped by hierarchical power relations. The organisation’s experimental adoption of a blockchain database system benefits some stakeholders (innovators, private partners) more than others (local aid workers and refugees). The conjuring of the pilot is what justifies the adoption of blockchain, even though a simple database would have sufficed." (Abstract)
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"This study examines the external influences that shape NGO-produced news content concerning humanitarian crises in East, West and Central Africa. Employing a thematic analysis of semi-structured in-depth interviews with humanitarian communicators and a content analysis of the humanitarian press rel
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eases of four major NGOs, it seeks to establish the types of content NGO communications staff consider most effective for achieving mainstream media coverage, how they access such content, and any forces influencing their eventual production of news. In line with notions of media logic (Altheide and Snow 1979; Cottle and Nolan 2007) and news cloning (Fenton 2010), it uncovers a reliance on hard-hitting humanitarian statistics and powerful first-person testimonies, which are considered essential for achieving news coverage. Statistics are found to be most often sourced from publicly available humanitarian datasets, often managed by the United Nations, and are considered susceptible to politicisation by authorities implicated in certain crises. First-person testimonies are usually gathered in-person by NGO staff and are affected by issues of physical access to crisis zones including monitoring by local authorities and demands for media sign-off. Additionally, a humanitarian NGO’s decision on whether to speak out publicly about a crisis is found to be often weighed up against threats to staff and programme safety. Examining these issues through a lens of agenda building theory (Cobb and Elder 1971), this study introduces the concept of agenda erosion, describing the phenomenon by which powerful actors, including host authorities and western governmental and intergovernmental donors, exert influence to undermine agenda building activities by NGOs in the context of humanitarian crises. Methods of agenda erosion might include demanding sign-off of media content, the control of physical access to crisis zones for communications staff, and the politicisation of humanitarian data. Unlike the traditional view of NGOs being producers of information subsidies (Gandy 1982), this concept recognises that, as news producers, NGOs also accept information subsidies, including humanitarian data, from other actors. These subsidies are used by NGOs to increase their own agenda building effectiveness but can also allow other, potentially conflicting, priorities to influence the media agenda too.
NGOs are now widely regarded as important players in the production of international news (Cottle and Nolan, 2007; Cooper, 2011; Powers 2018) and these findings suggest agenda erosion is in-part responsible for the continuing adherence of aid organisations to established patterns of news construction (Cottle & Nolan 2007; Fenton 2010; Waisbord 2011; Powers 2018). Only crises with hard-hitting data or emotive personal stories are likely to achieve mainstream media coverage but exposure to such sources is often closely guarded by the most powerful actors in certain crises. As a result, some crises continue to go underreported and NGOs risk being silenced or, worse, used as proxy mouthpieces by powers implicated in the humanitarian context to which they are attempting to respond." (Abstract)
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"This bulletin summarises the key findings and recommendations for strengthening collective efforts on communication and community engagement in the Libya floods response. The findings are drawn from a qualitative consultation with more than 30 representatives from the humanitarian community conduct
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ed in November 2023–January 2024." (About this bulletin)
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