"The potential benefits of increased digitalisation to refugees, living in situations where access to information and spaces for communication exchange are of the essence, are yet to be realised. Uganda’s forced migrants, both those in refugee settlements and those self-settled in urban areas, hav
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e demonstrated their eagerness to get and stay connected to the internet through social media platforms, regardless of the challenging context. The internet connectivity available to them ranges from cellular networking, wireless local area networking to personal area networking technologies. As communications systems and networks continue to grow and new social media applications are developed, the lives of refugees and humanitarians operating in settings of asylum are in reasingly likely to be affected in dynamic ways. As Maitland (2020) reminds us, connectivity (and its risks) can help overcome or ameliorate some of the sources of vulnerability. The road ahead is paved with complexities associated with refugee protection and inclusion in humanitarian programming in a ubiquitous digital environment, further accelerated by the exigencies of social distancing due to Covid-19." (Conclusion, page 35)
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"In January 2022 the subsea volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in Tonga had a major eruption which also cut the country’s communication lines nationally, between Tonga’s inhabited islands and the outside world. The damage led to a complete halt in international communication (a “digital darkn
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ess”) which meant that, in the period immediately after the outbreak, not much was known about the extent of the damage in Tonga. Due to very limited access to contact with both the authorities and the population of Tonga, it was only during overflights carried out by the Australian and New Zealand air forces that one could begin to map the extent of the damage and the need for assistance. The loss of digital communication lasted for five weeks and three days, and represents a unique natural experiment for how loss of data flows affects a society. The ways in which this situation was handled, and the services that were built, contain valuable lessons about digital vulnerabilities in the Global South, and how these can be accommodated." (Page 1)
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"Each year, the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) publishes a list of the ten most neglected displacement crises in the world. The purpose is to focus on the plight of people whose suffering rarely makes international headlines, who receive no or inadequate assistance, and who never become the centre
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of attention for international diplomacy efforts. This is the list for 2021. For the first time, all of the ten crises are on the African continent. That many African countries are figuring high on the list is far from new. For example, the crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) has become a textbook example of neglect, featuring in this list six times in a row. Most international media outlets rarely cover these countries beyond ad hoc reporting on new outbreaks of violence or disease, and in several African countries the lack of press freedom is exacerbating the situation. Then there’s donor fatigue, and the fact that many African countries are deemed to be of limited geopolitical interest. The low level of funding limits the ability of humanitarian organisations both to provide adequate humanitarian relief and to do effective advocacy and communication work for these crises, creating a vicious circle." (Page 4)
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"Satellite applications are being developed by an increasingly complex web of supplyside stakeholders and are being applied across a range of use cases in the life cycle of a humanitarian emergency. However, there is a limited body of evidence to offer humanitarians guidance on where satellite techn
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ology generates the best outcomes for affected populations due to the identified barriers. Now is the time for public and private sector stakeholders to act in order to increase the use of and impact derived from satellite applications in humanitarian assistance." (Executive summary, page 8)
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"This note aims to help inform the planned development of a Disaster Preparedness Module for Indonesia’s PKH program [Family Hope Program, Program Keluarga Harapan PKH] and to provide lessons for other countries on the development of IEC (Information, Education and Communications) tools to improve
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disaster preparedness and climate resilience among social assistance beneficiaries. The note includes four sections which (i) highlight recent approaches to beneficiary education to support Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) goals and provide global experiences of how countries have leveraged their social protection (SP) programs, through beneficiary education and awareness, to improve disaster preparedness and resilience; (ii) outline existing IEC materials and tools used by Government agencies in Indonesia to improve disaster preparedness and resilience among the public; (iii) outline recommended content for Indonesia and other countries to consider including in beneficiary education sessions aimed at improving disaster preparedness and resilience of beneficiaries; and (iv) summarize the procedural steps to develop a new Family Development Session (FDS) module on disaster preparedness, building on lessons learned from previous module development for PKH’s FDS. While the content of this note is particularly targeted at Indonesia’s PKH program, it is hoped that the messages here can also help inform the integration of IEC tools and materials to support behavior change for disaster preparedness and resilience in other SP programs globally." (Page 4)
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"This paper brings together the key findings of research into digital humanitarian action and inclusion, asking what the impact of new digital approaches has been on how inclusion is understood and operationalised in humanitarian action. The Humanitarian Policy Group undertook three thematic case st
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udies considering different technology areas: biometrics, geospatial mapping and social media. A total of 256 interviews were conducted with stakeholders and key informants, along with strategic engagement with the humanitarian and digital sectors. All the case studies drew on both global key informant interviews and country-level perspectives, including from the Rohingya response in camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, and interviews with refugees and aid responders in Jordan, Venezuela and Uganda." (Publisher description)
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"The purpose of this Learning Brief is to share key lessons to inform future efforts to effect systems-level change in humanitarian response, seeking to create positive transformational change. Given that transformation is an unfolding, open-ended process, we acknowledge that our learning is an ongo
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ing journey. Our key lessons derive from the systems impact assessment of the Renewable Energy for Refugees (RE4R) project, supported by the IKEA Foundation and implemented in a partnership between Practical Action and UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency between April 2017 and February 2022. RE4R sought to reshape global humanitarian response to adopt (and adapt) market-based renewable energy (RE) models demonstrated in three refugee camps and host communities in Rwanda and the city of Irbid in Jordan. In addition to providing sustainable, efficient, affordable, and reliable RE solutions for refugees, host communities, and institutions in humanitarian settings, the market-based RE approaches piloted by RE4R sought to provide long-term economic improvement for target populations." (Introduction)
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"The major earthquake that struck central Nepal in April 2015 inspired a flurry of literary and cultural production, including the creation and online publication of over 50 earthquake-related music videos. Although they share a common thematic focus, these videos’ representations of the earthquak
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e aftermath and the Nepali people’s response to the disaster diverge from one another in some important respects. Through a detailed analysis of the lyrical, musical and visual content of a selection of five of these videos, and drawing upon recent research on digital cultures, the article asks to what extent these divergences reflect an attempt by online content creators to address Nepali publics (whether domestic, diasporic, urban, rural or gendered) that they imagine and construct in different ways." (Abstract)
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"This paper serves to explore how we can embrace a more expansive and inclusive view of media by drawing on case studies and examples of good practice, particularly with regards to the COVID-19 response, which necessitated major operational changes and reliance on local partners. By collating and sh
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aring different examples of good practice, the paper encourages communication stakeholders to widen their thinking and practice in displacement contexts and explore ways in which more sustainable communication networks can take shape. To solicit different perspectives for the paper, a broad range of communication specialists, humanitarian professionals and media working in displacement settings were consulted. According to a brief survey8 carried out among communication and media practitioners working in displacement contexts, the four main barriers faced when working with displaced communities in the area of communication and media development are: 1. Access; 2. Language; 3. Government restrictions; 4. Funding/resources. When asked about key recommendations for communicating in displacement contexts, most respondents replied that people affected by displacement must be included in all phases of the project." (Focus, page 11)
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"States should interpret – and apply – existing rules in a manner that ensures adequate and sufficient protection for civilians and civilian infrastructure, information and communication technology (ICT) systems and data in our ever-increasingly digitalised societies. Academia, tech companies, s
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tates and humanitarians should work together to better understand the impact of misinformation, disinformation, and hate speech in contexts affected by armed conflict and violence, and to identify ways to address it. The humanitarian community must join forces – and find partners – to ensure the best possible protection against cyber operations targeting humanitarian operations and personal data entrusted to us." (Key issues, page 1)
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"This review was commissioned by CDAC Network to provide a snapshot of the status of Communication, Community Engagement and Accountability (CCEA) in Haiti six months into the earthquake response. The study aims to identify common themes and critical questions that response actors should be asking t
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o improve sustainable, collective, localised action in CCEA moving forward. Several recommendations are put forward for consideration going forward." (Page 4)
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"The humanitarian Communication, Community Engagement and Accountability (CCEA) coordination structures in Sudan are primarily led by UN agencies with governmental counterparts at the sector level in Khartoum and field sites. These coordination structures have a relatively low level of representatio
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n of local NGOs, community based organisations (CBOs) and other community and local organisations considering the large number of local entities working at field level. Local organisations are involved in the Sudan Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) Network, led by with World Food Programme (WFP) as the Secretariat with support from the PSEA focal point and the Humanitarian Country Team, the Network itself lacks strong linkages with the wider humanitarian coordination and protection forums. The pre-conditions and interests of donors have restricted the capacity of local actors to facilitate and coordinate meaningful CCEA, such as not allocating specific funding for CCEA related activities, and the resulting lack of coordination and availability of information has restricted national NGOs and community-based organisations (CBOs) from accessing the humanitarian Community Engagement and Accountability (CEA) system. During the review period up to July 2021 it was found that there could also be an improvement in increasing the level of engagement of media and the private sector for CCEA to share skills and deepen engagement. These media agencies, private sector communication and media companies and organisations outside of the traditional humanitarian space have a great deal of CCEA expertise and despite this, there remains a minimal level of collaboration and linkages between them and the humanitarian system." (Summary, page 6)
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"This report is published quarterly and gives an overview of key communication, community engagement and accountability (CCEA) barriers and gaps across the Ukraine response, as well as recommendations for practitioners and responders to improve the use of CCEA for those affected by the crisis. Despi
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te the many CCEA-related activities happening on the ground, there are still critical gaps related to: information provision on priority topics; addressing language and translation concerns; two-way digital outreach; and CCE for marginalised groups and host communities. Many of these gaps could be addressed, and CCEA activities more effectively scaled, through a collaborative approach among international aid organisations and local media, CSOs, and diaspora- and refugee-led organisations, formal and informal." (Introduction, page 5 & Conclusion, page 21)
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