"This report presents findings from the third wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS3), conducted between 2021 and 2025. In this iteration, we focused on journalists’ perceptions of risk and uncertainty in their profession and sought to identify key factors that shape how journalists navigate
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journalism’s changing environment. These risks and uncertainties arise from four partially overlapping domains: politics, economy, technology, and news consumption. Accordingly, the WJS3 questionnaire addressed journalists’ safety, editorial freedom, professional roles, news influences, and labor conditions. Our survey confirms that journalism is under pressure. Journalists worldwide are often undercompensated, and more than one-third engage in secondary employment. Economic pressures on news organizations have intensified in most countries. Nearly half of journalists have been targeted with hate speech, while psychological, physical, and digital threats are more prevalent in the Global South than in the Global North. More than 300 researchers from 75 countries participated in WJS3. This report provides a concise overview of key global findings. Subsequent publications will analyze specific topics in greater depth; please visit worldsofjournalism.org for more information." (Foreword, page 4)
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"This volume, Shaping Global Cultures through Screenwriting: Women Who Write Our Worlds, tells stories of women who have worked with and within communities to bring the communities’ stories to life through screenwriting. In gathering these examples, we asked for stories that achieved some level
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of impact for the communities. Impact was considered across a number of indices. We wanted to show that attitudes have shifted, policies have been rewritten and the life experiences and ranges of possibility for some have changed for the better as a result of women’s work. We hope to show through our stories that film can change lives; that sharing stories matters; and that women are everywhere, using their skills in screen production for the good of many.
In her excellent book, Women in the International Film Industry: Policy Practice and Power, Susan Liddy (2020) offers ‘a wide-ranging, critical assessment of practice, policy and progress’ to establish the range and scale of gender inequality that currently exists in the world of screen production. She quotes O’Neill and Domingo (2015) to point out that social, economic and political conditions vary, and ‘combine in different ways to enable or constrain women’s agency and leadership’ in screen production (Liddy 2020: 1). In contrast, our book approaches the same problem from the opposite perspective: we seek to correlate the ‘policy, practice and power’ (Liddy 2020) with the actual work of women screenwriters. Our aim is to point out what women screenwriters, creators and filmmakers are doing in disparate corners of the world, and how their effort is positively impacting communities, shaping culture and creating change.
We argue that, despite the fact that women screenwriters are underrepresented in leadership roles in film industries worldwide, the impact of their films remains visible and palpable. We provide evidence that, as women step into the roles of screenwriter, filmmaker and collaborator, using known and emerging technologies, formats and genres under the broad scope of ‘screen production’, they raise the voices of other women and other communities. This volume shows the impact of women’s voices in creating real change for the communities whose stories are told through the topics and themes of these women’s screen works. Not least, this volume seeks to celebrate these women and their communities and bring awareness of that impact to broader communities worldwide." (Introduction, page 1)
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"The Solomon Islands media continues to undergo significant developments as it adjusts to increased digitalisation and the use of social media. However, the findings in this report highlight the continuing importance of radio and print media as a trusted source of information for Solomon Islanders."
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(Conclusion, page 41)
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"The Pacific media landscape has evolved significantly within the past decade with increased digital connectivity and infrastructure, vastly improving digital access and reach throughout the region. Media organisations have leveraged digital platforms and mobile telecommunications to continue delive
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ring news and information to their audiences. Despite the significant impact of the pandemic on the financial viability of media and challenges around staff resourcing, the sector has shown remarkable resilience and adaptability; a testament to its relentless commitment and passion towards serving Pacific audiences and communities." (Conclusion, page 40)
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"The media landscape in Tonga is in a state of digital transition, as it adapts to increasing audience demand for digital content and associated challenges relating to misinformation and disinformation. The findings in this report highlight how increased internet access in Tonga has transformed the
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media landscape – where traditional formats such as print have been almost entirely superseded by digital publishing. Concurrently, there has been a rise of online misinformation and disinformation. Radio was found to play a critical role in emergency broadcasting, keeping Tongans connected in times of natural disaster, when submarine internet cables may be vulnerable. The report uncovered media freedom in Tonga is challenged by laws which have the potential to supress and criminalise free speech, while the absence of a right to information law results in an opaque relationship between the media and government." (Conclusion, page 38)
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"Palau media continues to undergo significant developments as it adjusts to increased digitisation and a move away from traditional print media. Media organisations face challenges in creating financially sustainable business models to support this shift. While media freedom is protected in Palau, o
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ngoing attention is required to ensure that journalists can continue to report uncensored." (Conclusion, page 31)
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"The media landscape in Fiji has reached a significant milestone in its history as it embraces the freedom gained from the repeal of MIDA. Findings highlight ongoing opportunities for media industry bodies to provide targeted support for local media to effectively exercise this freedom." (Conclusion
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, page 37)
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"The findings in this report highlight the challenges associated with media access in FSM, which are amplified by the country’s dispersed geography. Internet is difficult to access outside of major population centres, however, the recent introduction of Starlink and expected completion of submarin
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e cable connections is changing this. In addition, FSM’s media sector is small and mostly homogenous, with reporting lacking diversity and critical discussion. Finally, media freedom is uneven in FSM, partially due to the lack of diversity in the sector and because freedom of information has not been legislated." (Conclusion, page 37)
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"The WRTH 2025 is the world's most comprehensive and up-to-date guide to broadcasting. This is the 79th edition of World Radio TV Handbook and this great directory continues to offer the most comprehensive guide to broadcasting on the planet. Step into the world of radio like never before with the W
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RTH 2025 edition, your definitive companion for all things broadcasting. This 79th edition of the World Radio TV Handbook offers over 800 pages of unparalleled content, bringing you closer to the heart of the global radio community. Join us in celebrating the timeless magic of radio. Witness the evolution and be part of this exciting journey with WRTH 2025.
Comprehensive Data: WRTH 2025 is tailor-made for the dedicated radio enthusiast. Discover frequencies and broadcasting evolution across LW, MW (AM), SW, FM, Digital Radio (HD and DAB), and National TV channels. Expert Insights: Now under the expert administration of Radio Data CenterGmbH, WRTH remains an unrivaled source of broadcasting knowledge, guiding you through the ever-changing landscape of radio. Global Perspective: Embrace a worldwide view of broadcasting, exploring new territories and understanding the future of shortwave broadcasting by major players." (Publisher description)
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"This paper examines intersections between social disadvantage and digital inequality in low-income household settings using situational analysis. Partnering with social service organisations, we conducted qualitative fieldwork research over 12 months with low-income households in disadvantaged subu
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rbs in Tasmania, Australia. The research involved home visits, phone interviews, technology tours, and learning biographies with members of households. Findings emphasise the way outcomes of digital connectivity and internet use are not only individual – they are also shared and collective, and this has been a blind spot for digital inequality research framed by methodological individualism. We emphasise the need to shift attention from individual digital skills to collective digital capabilities, emphasising sociotechnical functions embedded in networks of shared resources and practices. Situational analysis revealed digital capabilities as collective investments and workarounds, as participants responded to expanding digital and life management demands. The study contributes to understanding the interaction between digital and social inclusion in low-income household contexts. It highlights the way collective capabilities and ‘digital bootstrapping’ operate in resource-scare environments, providing potential points of intervention beyond individualised notions of digital self-reliance." (Abstract)
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"This paper investigates open public data and data sharing reforms in Australia (2018–2022) and their potential role in deepening the ‘data divide’. In the contemporary datafied welfare state, open public data and data sharing are increasingly vexed issues in times of data-driven artificial in
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telligence (AI). We scrutinise public consultation surrounding the establishment of the Australian Data Availability and Transparency Act 2022 (DAT Act). Through topic modelling and critical discourse analysis, the study examines the representation and concerns of marginalised groups in the reform process. We highlight the overlooked role of non-profits and civil society in the public data ecosystem. The analysis emphasises the significant yet unacknowledged contributions of these organisations in advocating for data equity and justice. We argue that responsible and equitable public data practices do not just depend on administrative and technical procedures for data sharing but are fundamentally entwined with the social and institutional hierarchies in which public data is produced and used. The study calls for greater inclusion and support for civil society organisations to bridge the data divide, contributing to broader debates on the merits and challenges of open data and data sharing practices within a data justice framework." (Abstract)
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"Independent youtubers who create content on political, social and economic issues attract very large audiences and are increasingly the object of study for journalism scholars. This article contributes to the literature by conducting a detailed analysis of the Australian YouTube channel friendlyjor
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dies. Rather than comparing the channel to the journalistic field, this article assesses whether friendlyjordies produces journalism by applying definitions based on journalism’s democratic functions. With the democratic functions approach the critical question is not, who is a journalist? but who is performing the democratic functions of journalism? This question guides the research that combines the analysis of three friendlyjordies videos with data from an interview with a producer of the channel. From this analysis, this article argues that friendlyjordies produces platform journalism, an emerging form of journalism that applies the norms and affordances of a specific platform, in this case YouTube. Moreover, when a democratic functions approach is applied to friendlyjordies, it becomes evident that the channel engages in public interest platform journalism." (Abstract)
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"[...] While mobile broadband covers over 95 per cent of the population, disparities persist. High-income economies lead in 5G deployment and innovation, while lower-income countries face infrastructure, affordability, and digital literacy gaps. The urban-rural divide remains, and women and marginal
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ized communities still encounter barriers to digital inclusion. Closing these gaps is both an economic necessity and a social imperative, as digital transformation expands access to services and strengthens resilience. Small island developing States (SIDS) in the Pacific face distinct challenges due to their geographic isolation, small populations, and vulnerability to climate change. Reliable connectivity is crucial for economic development, disaster resilience, and access to essential services. To sustain the region’s momentum, achieving universal and meaningful connectivity (UMC) is a policy imperative. UMC enables people to access knowledge, build livelihoods, and connect with their communities while also driving economic growth through digital trade, e-commerce, and innovation. Achieving this goal requires strengthened digital skills, improved regulatory frameworks, resilient infrastructure, and inclusive innovation ecosystems." (Foreword)
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"In conclusion, findings from this report highlight the pivotal role the national broadcaster, TVBC, continues to play in Tuvalu’s media landscape, with radio being a primary source of information for Tuvaluans. While infrastructure improvements have enhanced internet connectivity, the decline in
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pay TV subscriptions poses challenges for media viability. Finally, as the people of Tuvalu face increasingly frequent and severe climate-related threats, maintaining a functioning communications system will be critical to saving lives." (Conclusion, page 33)
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"The findings in this report uncover some of the challenges faced by Kiribati’s small media industry, both geographic and financial. Internet connectivity across the country’s widely dispersed islands is limited, impacting access for audiences and reporters alike. The local media industry has fa
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ced diminished funding, with the state- owned Broadcasting and Publications Authority (BPA) relying on small government support and advertising revenue to stay afloat, while Radio Kiribati has experienced periodic disruptions to broadcast due to limited working equipment. More positively, the report highlighted the media’s active prioritisation of stories representative of diverse communities across Kiribati, and the media sectors openness to engage with and explore the potential uses of AI in the newsroom." (Conclusion, page 37)
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"In conclusion, the findings from this report highlighted the continuing prominence of newspapers as a trusted source of information for Marshallese people, the ongoing challenge of reaching remote communities, and a growing interest in establishing a representative media body. While the rise of soc
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ial media and digitisation presents both challenges and opportunities, the Marshall Islands media continues to play a crucial role in preserving and passing on cultural knowledge, while covering local news with independence, accuracy and impartiality." (Conclusion, page 37)
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"The findings in this report highlight the ongoing dominance of state-owned media platforms in Nauru, all run by the Nauru Media Bureau (NMB). With no private media currently operating, media freedom in the country is limited. The report also illustrated the rising popularity of foreign media and so
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cial media platforms for Nauruan audiences, with improved telecommunications infrastructure set to accelerate shifts to online content. The report also outlines the significant work to be done to meet the ambition of an independent media as identified in the government’s strategy for sustainable development." (Conclusion, page 33)
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"The findings in this report highlight the struggles of print media in Samoa, which are experiencing a declining audience share yet remain the benchmark for “best-practice” journalism. Media also experience significant challenges associated with the digitalisation of the sector, including strugg
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les to monetise digital content, misinformation and disinformation, and a general lack of experience using digital technology. Finally, while Samoan media have been challenged by restrictions to freedom of speech and a lack of legislated right to information, JAWS and the Media Council can play a critical role in encouraging self-regulation and adherence to high journalistic standards." (Conclusion, page 35)
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"In 'Media Compass: A Companion to International Media Landscapes', an international team of prominent scholars examines both long-term media systems and fluctuating trends in media usage around the world. Integrating country-specific summaries and cross-cutting studies of geopolitical regions, this
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interdisciplinary reference work describes key elements in the political, social, demographic, cultural, and economic conditions of media infrastructures and public communication. Enabling the mapping of media landscapes internationally, Media Compass contains up-to-date empirical surveys of individual countries and regions, as well as cross-country comparisons of particular areas of public communication. 45 entries, each guiding readers from a general summary to a more in-depth discussion of a country’s specific media landscape, address formative conditions and circumstances, historical background and development, current issues and challenges, and more." (Publisher description)
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"The findings in this report foreground the importance of improving access to rural communities, so media can adequately represent issues relevant to Vanuatu’s geographically dispersed audiences. The report also identified opportunities for media to increase awareness of gender, disability and soc
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ial inclusion through inclusive reporting on local issues. Local media specialising in Indigenous Ni-Vanuatu content expressed a desire for greater market protections to support scale and reach of their businesses. Finally, the report identified challenges around access to government information, despite Vanuatu having a Right to Information Act, in addition to media freedom concerns related to recent amendments to the Penal Code." (Conclusion, page 33)
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