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Protecting the Right to Life of Journalists: The Need for a Higher Level of Engagement
Human Rights Quarterly, volume 35, issue 2 (2013), pp. 304-332
"Journalists play a central role in fostering a society based on the open discussion of facts and the pursuit of the truth, as opposed to one based on rumor, prejudice, and the naked exercise of power. As a result, journalists are often literally in the line of fire and deserve special protection. T
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Journalists as a Protected Category: A New Status for the Media in International Humanitarian Law
UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, volume 17 (2013), pp. 215-250
"The nature of modern warfare has vastly changed the role of journalists in conflict and, therefore, the reliability of the protections afforded to them. Countries such as the United States have interpreted international humanitarian law in such a way that leaves journalists vulnerable to targeting
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The Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflicts: How Can They Be Better Safeguarded?
International and European Law, volume 29, issue 76 (2013), pp. 4-22
"The years 2011 and 2012 were among the most deadly for journalists reporting from conflict situations worldwide. The numbers of assaults, arrests and attacks have been on a constant rise and portray a dramatic image of the journalistic profession. In light of the increasing threats in armed conflic
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Libel Tourism: Silencing the Press Through Transnational Legal Threats
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 41 pp.
"This report by Drew Sullivan, a journalist, editor, and media development specialist, explains how lawsuits can force media organizations to censor themselves or limit the distribution of their news content, restricting freedom of expression and thus threatening one of the foundations of democracy.
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The Media and International Humanitarian Law: Legal Protections for Journalists
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 96-112
"Journalists and other media personnel perform a crucial role in armed conflicts. In the absence of functioning civil society, which, in peacetime can survey the behaviour of governments and other parties, and report on breaches of law, journalists are often the only parties on the ground able to do
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The culture of impunity: What journalists need to know about international humanitarian law
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 78-95
"Whether they are nationals reporting wars occurring within their countries or international news media staff, journalists are facing growing dangers when covering conflict events. As civilians, they are protected to some extent by international humanitarian law (IHL). But what are these rules and h
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Journalists: Shielded from the dangers of war in their pursuit of the truth?
South African Yearbook of International Law, volume 34, issue 1 (2009), pp. 70-100
"This piece seeks to unpack these questions by exploring the current protection afforded journalists under both general international law and IHL (Part I); the IHL status of journalists (both those embedded in the military and those reporting as freelance / independent journalists) (Part II); target
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Don't shoot the messenger: Prospects for protecting journalists in conflict situations
Media, War & Conflict, volume 2, issue 2 (2009), pp. 129-148
"One of the greatest threats to freedom of expression around the world is the violence committed against journalists practicing their profession in conflict situations. During the last 20 years, an alarming number of journalists have been targeted or killed when reporting about war. This situation h
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The Philippine President as Tortfeasor-in-Chief: Establishing Civil Liability for Constitutional Negligence
Asian Journal of Comparative Law, volume 4 (2009), pp. 1-54
"This article analyzes the liability of the Philippine President for the tort of constitutional negligence in relation to the murders and forced disappearances of leftists, journalists, and other dissidents. It uses the international law doctrine of command responsibility as a form of attribution th
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The protection of journalists in armed conflicts
German Yearbook of International Law, volume 51 (2008), pp. 289-320
"The first casualty of war is truth. Disinformation and tactical ruses of war have constituted essential components of warfare throughout history. Over time, influencing public opinion - and consequentially securing the prime position to exert such influence - has become ever more significant. In mo
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The international protection of journalists in armed conflict and other violent situations
Australian Journal of Human Rights, volume 14, issue 1 (2008), pp. 99-140
"Media reporting of armed conflict and other situations of heightened violence has become increasingly perilous, with large numbers of journalists and other media personnel killed or deliberately targeted because of their professional work, including by government forces and non-government actors. T
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Journalists, war crimes and international justice
Media, War & Conflict, volume 1, issue 3 (2008), pp. 261-269
"The examination of the ethical and moral issues surrounding the reporting of war crimes signals one of the outstanding problems facing journalism in the contemporary era. As the nature of war has changed, so has the nature of the journalism mandated to cover it, and the selection of war crimes tria
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Journalists in War Zones: Crossing from the Newsroom into the Arena
De Jure, volume 40 (2007), pp. 379-384
"The very real danger in which conflict-journalists find themselves is well illustrated by the fact that during the recent conflict in Iraq proportionally more journalists were killed than members of the coalition forces (BalguyGallois March 2004 International Review of the Red Cross 37). The fact t
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The Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflicts
"The problem of the protection of journalists is closely linked to that of freedom of information and was first considered as early as 1893/94. In 1927 a conference of press experts held in Geneva adopted various resolutions for their submission to member states. These resolutions addressed a range
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The protection of journalists and news media personnel in armed conflict
International Review of the Red Cross, volume 86, issue 853 (2004), pp. 37-67
"The recent war in Iraq is a perfect illustration of the growing risks faced by journalists working in conflict zones. It is therefore important to call renewed attention to the fact that attacks against journalists and media equipment are illegal under international humanitarian law, which protects
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Remaking the pen mightier than the sword: An evaluation of the growing need for the international protection of journalists
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law, volume 30 (2002), pp. 505-542
"It is the goal of this note to explore this problem with a particular emphasis on potential methods by which the international community can work to protect the press. In order to better understand this problem as it exists today, this note begins with a historical analysis of the development of in
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Violence against the Press in Latin America: Protections and Remedies in International Law
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 78, issue 2 (2001), pp. 275-290
"This article identifies a trend in international law addressing the murders of journalists in Latin America. Recent cases by international human-rights tribunals are analyzed for their holdings that murders of journalists violate the free-expression guarantees of the American Convention on Human Ri
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Protection of Journalists Under International Humanitarian Law
Communications and the Law, volume 17 (1995), pp. 27-39
"Journalists' on professional assignments often face hostile actions by political and military authorities, de jure or de facto. Such hostility ranges in severity from censorship, utilization of harsh laws of defamation, restriction or denial of access to sources of information, denial or revocation
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