Filter
137
Featured
Free Access
70
Key Guidance
1
Top Insights
4
Topics
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
71
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
38
Female Journalists & Media Workers
34
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
22
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
18
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
15
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
11
Self-Censorship
10
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
7
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
6
Countering Defamation & Harassment
5
Investigative Journalism
5
Journalism Education & Training
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
4
Social Media in Political Communication
4
Journalistic Social Media Use
4
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Open Data
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
Minority Journalists
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Media Law & Regulation
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Social Media Analytics, Web Metrics, User Data Analytics
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
1
Censorship
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Media Criticism
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Social Media
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
1
Facebook
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
AI in Journalism & Media
1
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
1
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
Romani People
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Infotainment, Politainment
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
1
Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Photojournalism
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Legal Protection
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Public Spheres
1
Open Source Software
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Online Harassment and Trolling of Political Journalists in Pakistan
Journalism Practice, volume 19, issue 7 (2025), pp. 1499-1516
"This study examines the online harassment faced by political journalists in Pakistan on Twitter, specifically focusing on the actions of users affiliated with various political parties. By selecting the 12 most active journalists on Twitter, we combined both content and textual analyses to examine
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Journalism under Duress: Worlds of Journalism Study Report (Wave 3: 2021–2025)
Top Insights
Munich: Ludwig-Maximilian Universität (LMU), WJS Center (2025), 371 pp.
"This report presents findings from the third wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS3), conducted between 2021 and 2025. In this iteration, we focused on journalists’ perceptions of risk and uncertainty in their profession and sought to identify key factors that shape how journalists navigate
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Online harassment of journalists in Nigeria: Audience motivations and solutions
Media International Australia, volume 194, issue 1 (2025), pp. 115-130
"This study investigates the motivations for the hostility towards the press by the audience and how to control online harassment of journalists in Nigeria. Data for this study are from online and face-to-face semi-structured interviews of 54 Nigerians in Nigeria. Finding shows that perceived journa
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Harassment of Journalists and Its Aftermath: Anti-Press Violence, Psychological Suffering, and an Internal Chilling Effect
Digital Journalism, volume 13, issue 2 (2025), pp. 232-248
"Anti-press sentiment based on negative emotions of disgust and hatred has prevailed in Korea since the mid-2010s. Through in-depth interviews with ten journalists working for Korean news organizations, supplemented with an analysis of self-reflective articles, this study investigates how journalist
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When Will one Help? Understanding Audience Intervention in Online Harassment of Women Journalists
Journalism Practice, volume 19, issue 3 (2025), pp. 523-541
"While online harassment directed towards women journalists are under wide discussion, the mechanism of audience intervention in stopping online harassment is less explored. Integrating bystander invention, ambivalent sexism, and social identity theories, we propose and test an integrative framework
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Investigative Journalism in the Digital Age: An Online Safety Checklist
Public Media Alliance (2023), 1 p.
"This ten-point checklist highlights key tips for journalists undertaking digital approaches to investigative journalism." (Introduction)
"This practical guide aims to provide journalists with concrete legal tools to deal with online harassment, be it to identify punishable offences, to seek help from appropriate organisations, to efficiently gather evidence and to take steps should they decide to file a complaint against the perpetra
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"[...] This is a guide to provide support and advice based on shared experience of others worldwide and includes handy links to other research and IFJ resources. With courage, wit and sheer determination, we’ve seen many journalists demonstrate how to take on trolls, call them out, respond to pate
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Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales
Key Guidance
Article 19; World Press Photo (2015), 108 pp.
"Esta guía pretende proveer los elementos necesarios para establecer un protocolo de seguridad en una diversidad de contextos; así como recomendaciones prácticas para hacer frente a diversas situaciones. La guía está enfocada en todos los periodistas visuales, en particular aquellos que trabaja
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Watching the watchdogs: Spyware surveillance of journalists in Europe and the ongoing fight for accountability
Potsdam; Vienna: Friedrich Naumann Foundation; International Press Institute (IPI) (2024), 18 pp.
"The surveillance of journalists, including using spyware technology, poses a fundamental threat to media freedom, the digital safety of journalists, and source protection within the European Union. The agreement on the European Media Freedom Act in December 2023 offers some further protections agai
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“Journalists are Prepared for Critical Situations … but We are Not Prepared for This”: Empirical and Structural Dimensions of Gendered Online Harassment
Journalism Practice, volume 18, issue 2 (2024), pp. 301-318
"This article discusses online harassment against women journalists exploring self-reported incidents, effects, and trust in safety mechanisms. Drawing on twenty-five semi-structured interviews of women journalists in Portugal, we use a feminist and critical realist framework to explore the causal s
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Media freedom and journalist safety in the UK Online Safety Act
Journal of Media Law, volume 15, issue 2 (2024), pp. 179-212
"In the digital era, journalists are targeted with online abuse including serious threats of violence. These censorship tactics are a direct threat to media freedom. Although the UK Government intended to tackle online abuse of journalists in the Online Safety Act 2023, provisions fit for that purpo
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An Intersectional Analysis of Aotearoa New Zealand Journalists’ Online and Offline Experiences of Abuse, Threats and Violence
Journalism Studies, volume 25, issue 2 (2024), pp. 160-180
"Criticism towards journalists has increased significantly since the internet created easy and anonymous communication and has turned more abusive and threatening in recent years, becoming a regular feature of journalists’ work environment, particularly for women. This article presents survey data
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Comparing Risks to Journalism: Media Criticism in the Digital Hate
Digital Journalism, volume 12, issue 3 (2024), pp. 294-313
"This study examines digital media criticism—publicly shared evaluations and judgements of journalistic text and actors on various digital platforms—as a risk to journalism. It specifically interrogates how journalists negotiate the diverse nature of criticism in digital spaces and in a comparat
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Same threats, different platforms? Female journalists’ experiences of online gender-based violence in selected newsrooms in Namibia
Journalism, volume 25, issue 4 (2024), pp. 779-799
"Concerns about the disproportionate levels of online gender-based abuse experienced by female journalists when compared to their male counterparts have attracted sizeable scholarly attention in the last few years. Extant studies have highlighted that female journalists experience online forms of ha
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Dealing with the Black Box: European Journalists and the Threats of Spyware
Digital Journalism (2024), 20 pp.
"Revelations from the 2021 “Pegasus Project” investigation into the use of spyware have confirmed long-held concerns about the proliferation of the technology as a surveillance solution to monitor the activities of journalists around the world. Spyware is a particularly malicious form of malware
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The Ethical Revolution: Challenges and Reflections in the Face of the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Journalism
Communication & Society, volume 37, issue 3 (2024), pp. 237-254
"The artificial intelligence (AI) tools in editorial departments have become common practice within news organisations, which poses challenges for digital journalism. It treads new terrain for both media professionals and their audiences, and it is safe to assume there is no going back to the way th
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Infrastructural platform violence: How women and queer journalists and activists in Lebanon experience abuse on WhatsApp
New Media & Society (2024), 20 pp.
"Technology-facilitated abuse and violence disproportionately affect marginalized people. While researchers have explored this issue in the context of public-facing social media platforms, less is known about how it plays out on more private messaging apps. This study draws on in-depth interviews wi
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Mapping Actions to Combat Online Violence against Female Journalists across the OSCE Participating States
Regional Academy on the United Nations (RAUN) (2024), 56 pp.
"This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at systematically mapping the public actions taken by OSCE participating States to combat online violence against female journalists. Adopting a qualitative large N research design, the study examines national policies and initiatives across all 57 OSC
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