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Practical Guide for Women Journalists on How to Respond to Online Harassment
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 11 pp.
"This practical guide aims to provide journalists with concrete legal tools to deal with online harassment, be it to identify punishable offences, to seek help from appropriate organisations, to efficiently gather evidence and to take steps should they decide to file a complaint against the perpetra
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The new frontline: Women journalists at the intersection of converging digital age threats
"The chapter identifies the new threats posed by digital developments and how they affect women journalists in particular. There are three main converging safety threats confronting women journalists in the digital age: online harassment and abuse against women journalists; orchestrated disinformati
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“We Have to act Like our Devices are Already Infected”: Investigative Journalists and Internet Surveillance
Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1849-1866
"Internet surveillance has become a crucial issue for journalism. The “Snowden moment” has shed light on the risks that journalists and their sources face while communicating online and has shown how journalists themselves can be targets of surveillance operations or other forms of malicious dig
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Press Freedom and Cybercrimes: Combating Online Harassment on Digital Media in Nigeria
African Journal of Criminal Law And Jurisprudence, volume 6 (2021), pp. 137-151
"The role of the Media to the growth and development of a democratic society cannot be overemphasized. Over the years, the media have served as a watch dog in every society, prompting the need for International and National legislation protecting the Right to Press Freedom. While attacks and threat
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Between Attack and Resilience: The Ongoing Institutionalization of Independent Digital Journalism in Brazil
Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 2 (2021), pp. 235-254
"Digital journalism in Brazil is dominated by a few big players and has recently been threatened by the country’s challenging political and economic environment. Still, organizational structures promoting independent digital journalism (IDJ) persist. Originally understood as “the blogosphere,”
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Burning out and turning off: Journalists’ disconnection strategies on social media
Journalism, volume 22, issue 10 (2021), pp. 2475-2492
"This study explores forms of social media fatigue described by professional journalists, including frustration with the perception of their increased affective labor, dissatisfaction with communication environments on particular social media platforms, and increased anxiety about the possible impac
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‘Lockdown’ on Digital Journalism? Mapping Threats to Press Freedom During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1344-1366
"Across the globe, governments have issued emergency and drastic measures aimed at tracking the spread of COVID-19 and safeguarding public health. Notwithstanding the necessity and importance of some of these measures, this work argues that numerous governments around the world used the pandemic cri
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Confronting Freedom to Inform With Freedom of Expression: The Case of Online Attacks of Journalists in Ghana
In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 269-296
"Globally, there is an increase in online attacks on journalists with gender dimensions to these attacks. Also, it is established that digital innovations have augmented free expression and the augmentation allows means for online attacks. Though evidence submits that studies on the problem of onlin
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Digital Threats and Attacks on the Philippine Alternative Press: Range, Responses, and Remedies
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 1-22
"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working
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You need a thick skin in this game: Journalists’ attitudes to resilience training as a strategy for combatting online violence
Australian Journalism Review, volume 42, issue 1 (2020), pp. 93-11.
"In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of re
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You Really Have to Have a Thick Skin’: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on How Online Harassment Influences Female Journalists
Journalism, volume 21, issue 7 (2020), pp. 877-895
"In-depth interviews with 75 female journalists who work or have worked in Germany, India, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America reveal that they face rampant online gendered harassment that influences how they do their jobs. Many of the women report that if they aim to engage
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Reading the Investigators their Rights: A review of literature on the General Data Protection Regulation and open-source intelligence gathering and analysis
The New Collection, volume 14 (2020), pp. 3-21
"Open-source intelligence gathering and analysis (OSINT) techniques are no longer predominantly the remit of private investigators and journalists. An estimated 80-90% of data analysed by intelligence agencies is also now derived from publicly available material. Additionally, the massive expansion
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Female Journalists’ Experience of Online Harassment: A Case Study of Nepal
Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 47-56
"This study examines the experiences of female journalists in Nepal in the context of rapidly growing expansion of broadband Internet. By examining the findings of the qualitative in-depth interview of 48 female journalists, it argues that online platforms are threatening press freedom in Nepal, mai
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The Risks and Challenges for Professional Journalism in the Digital Age: A Malaysian Perspective
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 106-123
"The Internet is a modern Pandora's Box which has exceptionally altered the way we disseminate and receive information messages, particularly news. Despite technological innovations being the apex of our history, it is undeniable that they pose new challenges and threats to a different degree. Hence
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Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2020), 17 pp.
"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara
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New Digital Media: Freedom of Expression and Safeguarding Journalists in the Context of East Africa
Cross Cultural Human Rights Review, volume 2, issue 1 (2020), pp. 49-71
"Many East African states have developed restrictive legal and policy measures regarding the use of the internet. This has resulted in the declining state of media freedom and safety of journalists. This article addresses freedom of expression as a pre-condition for safeguarding journalists in selec
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Red lines of journalism. Digital surveillance, safety risks and journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan
"Drawing on Reese’s hierarchy of influences model, this study investigates the extent to which safety risks and digital surveillance result in journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan. This study also explores the key areas of journalists’ self-censorship in the country and how it affects thei
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Double-edged knife: Practices and perceptions of technology and digital security among Mexican journalists in violent contexts
Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, volume 3, issue 1 (2020), pp. 22-42
"Violence against Mexican journalists has received significant attention from scholars at home and abroad during the last decade. However, though a diversity of issues have been consistently studied, there is one topic that is still largely neglected: the implications of technology for news workers
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