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Violence, impunity and their impact on press freedom
In: The Routledge Companion to Freedom of Expression and Censorship
London; New York: Routledge (2024), 11 pp.
"The right of journalists to work in a secure environment, without being intimidated, harassed, attacked, abused or murdered, is of fundamental importance to freedom of expression globally. Yet, in many countries around the world, journalism has become a deadly occupation and those who practise it o
...
‘We’re Losing Our Bread and Butter Like Never Before’: Journalism in Bangladesh in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic
In: Communicating COVID-19: Media, Trust, and Public Engagement
Palgrave Macmillan (2024), pp. 65-82
"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increased challenge for journalists and media professionals worldwide. However, there is a lack of information on these adversities in many developing countries, including Bangladesh. Our study aims to explore these challenges and risks associated with journalism
...
Journalists' safety before the 2024 elections
Tbilisi: Center for Media Information and Social Research; DW Akademie (2024), 21 pp.
Online Harassment, Psychological Stressors, and Occupational Dysfunction among Journalists Working in a Conflict Zone
Digital Journalism, volume 12, issue 6 (2024), pp. 735-752
"Amid increasing threats and assaults against journalists across the globe, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in northwest Pakistan remains one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. Whereas online harassment is increasingly affecting journalists, experiences of online harassment
...
“The goal is to make you weaker”: Mental well-being and risks among European cross-border investigative journalists
Journalism, volume 26, issue 4 (2024), pp. 823-842
"The increased scale of cross-border journalistic investigations brings about severe challenges: online harassment, physical violence, legal threats, but also emotional challenges and mental stress that can lead to burnout. The latter has never been the focus of studies on cross-border investigative
...
Challenges to journalism safety education in Pakistan: Proposing a new theoretical model
Media Practice and Education, volume 25, issue 3 (2024), pp. 286-301
"This article explores the challenges faced by the media education and curricula development in Pakistan, and how the safety of journalists is apportioned in the courses and curriculum of mass communication in different universities. The study uses a mixed method research, including quantitative app
...
Journalists and Exposure to Trauma: Exploring Perceptions of PTSD and Resilience Among Pakistan’s Conflict Reporters
Journalism Practice (2024), [no pag.]
"The study attempts to understand how Pakistani journalists perceive Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and resilience in the wake of covering traumatic events. Qualitative interviews of 32 Pakistani journalists were conducted who had covered military operations against militants. The findings in
...
Negotiating between gender, national and professional identities: The work-experience of Israeli-Palestinian women journalists
Ethnicities, volume 24, issue 1 (2024), pp. 123-141
"This paper analyzes the work experience of Israeli-Palestinian women journalists who reside and work in Israel for local news organizations or non-Israeli news agencies. It focuses on their experiences related to the intersected axes of their gender, ethnic, and national identities. Through themati
...
Safety of Journalists in the Run-Up to the 2023 Elections in Zimbabwe
"In March 2023, a Zimbabwean government official caused a storm after threatening journalists with arrests for reporting on an Al Jazeera documentary that exposed alleged money laundering, gold smuggling and other criminal activities in the country. Journalists and media groups interpreted these utt
...
“There Were No Repercussions, Nothing, Life Continued”: Experiences of Harassment by Female Journalists
"The chapter explores the challenges associated with harassment for entry-level to mid-career journalists across South Africa’s hybrid media platforms. The study employed a qualitative methodology consisting of semi-structured interviews with 12 entry-level and mid-career journalists with industry
...
Gendered Threats and Attacks in and outside the Newsroom: Nigerian Female Journalists' Experiences with Harassment
"This chapter explores Nigerian female journalists’ lived experiences with harassment in and outside the newsroom. Using a qualitative approach, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted with female journalists in broadcast media houses in Nigeria, and themes that emerged from the data obtained via in
...
Time to Act: Measures of Curbing Harassment of Journalists in African Newsrooms
"This chapter discusses the safety measures that newsrooms should adopt to help fight various forms of harassment. The chapter comes against the background of previous studies having found that newsrooms are ill-prepared to address different forms of harassment. As a result, journalists are left wit
...
Being a Woman-Journalist in a Polarized Context in Mozambique
"This chapter addresses the issue of harassment in the media space in Mozambique. In fact, the issue of harassment of women in the media is a complex and multifaceted problem that can manifest in many ways. One aspect of this issue is the representation of women in media. Women are often objectified
...
Journalists' Repression, Harassment and Attacks in Eswatini and Botswana
"Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of repression, harassment and attacks on full-time employed journalists and freelance writers in Eswatini. Given that harassment ranges from doxing, surveillance, religious prejudice, threats to harm family members
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Outsourcing Repression: Impunity and Harassment of Journalists in Malawi
"The media sector expanded after the multiparty system’s reintroduction in the 1990s in Malawi. The growth has been enabled by a legal environment in which the Constitution guarantees freedom of expression and the press. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, meaning that all the laws th
...
Coping into Self-Censorship: Exploring Coping Strategies of Journalists Working in South Sudan
"Local journalists in South Sudan have faced enormous threats from security groups, politicians and powerful individuals in the country. These threats have made the work of the press difficult. Despite the precarious security situation, some journalists have had the courage to continue working in So
...
The Cost of Dissent in a Governance System Characterized by ‘Political Marketplace': A Phenomenological Study of Independent Journalists in Ethiopia
"The chapter examines the cost of dissent in a governance system that is structured by ‘political marketplace.’ Informed by Alex de Waal ‘political marketplace’ conceptual framework and employing a phenomenological approach, the chapter chronicles the lived experiences of nine independent jo
...
Digital Surveillance, Online and Offline Harassment, and Feminist Media Politics
"This chapter examines the digital surveillance and harassment experiences faced by female journalists in Zimbabwe in the 2023 pre-election period covering the year 2022 up to August 2023. The examination is based on interviews conducted with seven purposefully selected female reporters and editors
...
Independent Online Journalists' Harassment and the Emotional Repercussions
"Communication the world over is a vital cog in communities. The sender and the receiver play different and complementary roles in information dissemination. Be that as it may, many contemporary information senders are faced with different forms of harassment. The advent of social media has seen a r
...
Safety, reactions, and organizational support: Estonian journalists' experiences with hostility
In: Global Journalism in Comparative Perspective: Case Studies
London; New York: Routledge (2024), pp. 40-52
"This chapter concludes multiyear research on journalists’ safety and well-being in Estonia and focuses on summarizing journalist experiences with and reactions to hostility. In addition to categorizing and describing the problems, the chapter also provides insight into what journalists expect fro
...