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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Violence, impunity and their impact on press freedom
In: The Routledge Companion to Freedom of Expression and Censorship
John Steel; Julian Petley (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2024), 11 pp.
"The right of journalists to work in a secure environment, without being intimidated, harassed, attacked, abused or murdered, is of fundamental importance to freedom of expression globally. Yet, in many countries around the world, journalism has become a deadly occupation and those who practise it o
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Using Journalism for Self-Protection: Profession-Specific and Journalistic Measures and Strategies for Countering Violence and Impunity in Mexico and Honduras
Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 896-915
"In Mexico and Honduras, journalists face violence from state and non-state actors and almost complete impunity. Given a lack of effective state protection, some resort to alternative means of (self-)protection and justice-seeking. Via analysis of 67 interviews with journalists and protection actors
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Tackling Impunity: Lessons from the Public Inquiry Into the Assassination of Daphne Caruana Galizia
Article 19;Daphne Caruana Galizia Foundation (2022), 87 pp.
"This report analyses the model of a Public Inquiry - or a similarly independent process such as a parliamentary inquiry - that can run in parallel with a criminal investigation but has the broader remit of investigating the circumstances that led to murder, and the political climate within which it
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An Uphill Battle: From Impunity to Justice for Journalist Murders
Top Insights
Free Press Unlimited (2022), 31 pp.
"For this report we analyzed hundreds of cases of journalists who were murdered in reprisal for their work. What stands out is their courage to report misdemeanor by those in power despite the clear and often well-known risks this entails for them. What stands out as well is the lack of capacity in
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Globalizing the Battle Against Impunity
In: Regardless of Frontiers: Global Freedom of Expression in a Troubled World
Agnès Callamard; Lee Bollinger (eds.)
New York: Colombia University Press (2021), pp. 227-252
"When press freedom groups began a campaign against impunity, they set out to gain justice in individual cases of journalists murdered for their work. Did a global norm evolve in the process? Among the rights guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19, is notable for its ele
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The Politics of Impunity and the Shifting Media Landscape in Kenya
Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, volume 7, issue 1 (2021), pp. 61-78
"This article focuses on state-media relations and the shifts in the overall media landscape in Kenya. Drawing on a political economy approach to media operations in Kenya, it argues that while there are competing meanings over what constitutes "news values", "editorial independence", and "critical
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The politics of impunity: A study of journalists’ experiential accounts of impunity in Bulgaria, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Mexico and Pakistan
Journalism, volume 22, issue 2 (2021), pp. 303-319
"Definitions of impunity regarding crimes against journalists have thus far been too narrow. Therefore, we propose a new approach to understanding impunity as also being grounded in journalists’ lived reality and perceptions to better understand the complexity and breadth of impunity. It is based
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Online harassment of journalists as a consequence of populism, mis/disinformation, and impunity
In: The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism
Howard Tumber; Silvio Waisbord (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2021), pp. 178-187
"This chapter aims to examine additional factors associated with populism, disinformation and online harassment of journalists in an environment of impunity, though the relationship between digital communication and populism has been analysed since the late 1990s. It considers strategies that have b
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Ending Impunity: Acting on UN Standards on the Safety of Journalists
Key Guidance
London: Article 19 (2019), 43 pp.
"A prevailing culture of impunity for threats to the safety of journalists fuels their repetition. A failure of justice emboldens perpetrators and undermines journalists’ trust in the political will to guarantee their effective protection. Since 2012, the international community has increasingly s
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Culture of impunity and safety of journalists: Is safe journalism a distant dream in Pakistan?
Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, issue 1 (2019), pp. 51-66
"Pakistan’s journalists confront fatal safety risks in the line of their duty and are at the mercy of various types of pressure and extremist groups that threaten, kidnap and even murder them with almost total impunity. Despite the growing violence against journalists in Pakistan, there is a deart
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Journalists as Human Rights Defenders: International Protection of Journalists in Contexts of Violence and Impunity
In: Reporting Human Rights, Conflicts, and Peacebuilding
Ibrahim Seaga Shaw; Senthan Selvarajah (eds.)
Springer (2019), pp. 221-242
"Many local journalists covering issues like corruption and organised crime can be considered human rights defenders (HRDs) exposed to high levels of violence and impunity. In this chapter, Mitchell examines what protection is available for such journalists via the dedicated international normative
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Killing Journalists is Not Media Regulation: Private Rights, Collective Wrongs and the Impact of Impunity
Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, volume 29, issue 1 (2019), pp. 263-306
"This article maintains that current international law fails to recognize the specific risks associated with the journalistic profession, and that the fragmented, non-binding and unenforceable initiatives on journalists' rights adopted to date have proven ineffective. It argues that a dedicated inte
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Global violence against journalists: The power of impunity and emerging initiatives to evoke social change
In: Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights
Howard Tumber; Silvio Waisbord (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2017), 10 pp.
"Civic organizations, groups like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, play a key role in the production and circulation of human rights discourses. Scholars have examined the strategies civic organizations use to attract media coverage, the permeability of the news media to human rights me
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Tribal Journalists under Fire: Threats, impunity and decision making in reporting on conflict in Pakistan
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 147-158
"This study investigates the challenges faced by local journalists caught between the global “war on terror” and its local consequences in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Threats and impunity are commonplace in this buffer zone bordering Pakistan and Afghanistan, compell
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Anticipating the Struggle against Everyday Impunity in Myanmar through Accounts from Bangladesh and Thailand
Asia & The Pacific Policy Studies, volume 3, issue 1 (2016), pp. 48-61
"Work done internationally to address impunity concentrates on removing blanket amnesties and establishing commissions of inquiry into past atrocities. Everyday impunity—the impossibility of bringing state officers to account for routinized violent crimes against other individuals—gets less atte
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Press Freedom, Governance, and Culture of Impunity: The Alarming Case of the Philippines
4th International Conference on Magsaysay Awardees: Good Governance and Transformative Leadership in Asia (2016), pp. 225-234
"Ending the culture of impunity requires strengthening the culture of resistance. Impunity results in the dearth or absence of press freedom which, in turn, has deleterious effects on the practice of journalism as the people are deprived of relevant information that could help shape public opinion.
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Combating Impunity of Crimes against Press Freedom
New Media and Mass Communication, volume 21 (2014), pp. 29-39
"Worried by the rising incidence of arrests, detention, jail, harassment and even murder of journalists across the world, all of which are crimes against press freedom, this paper takes a look at the reasons for the unpunished offences against press men and women and examines the efforts made to com
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Legal avenues for ending impunity for the death of journalists in conflict zones: Current and proposed international agreements
International Journal of Communication, volume 7 (2013), pp. 2157-2177
"Every bullet that kills a journalist in a warzone adds passion and urgency to calls for “something” to be done to better protect frontline media workers. International humanitarian law (the body of law that includes the Geneva Conventions) offers some avenues for legal redress, but problems wit
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The Initiative on Impunity and the Rule of Law
London: Working Conference “Safety and Protection of Journalists: A Responsibility for the World” (2011), 28 pp.
"The Initiative on Impunity and the Rule of Law is a global project of the Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield and the Centre for Law, Justice and Journalism (CLJJ) at City University, London. Our aims are to provide an independent platform to assess the effectivene
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The culture of impunity: What journalists need to know about international humanitarian law
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 78-95
"Whether they are nationals reporting wars occurring within their countries or international news media staff, journalists are facing growing dangers when covering conflict events. As civilians, they are protected to some extent by international humanitarian law (IHL). But what are these rules and h
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