Dealing with the Past: Media & Journalism

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African Media Portrayals of the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi

Brooke Chambers, J. Siguru Wahutu

International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 2436-2455

"Much has been written about the media coverage of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. However, with few exceptions, much of this work has often focused on how the journalism fields from the global North framed the genocide, with little work on how African fields covered it. This article eschews th ... more

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Memoria como recurso en la transformación de conflictos: El papel de medios y periodistas en la construcción de paz. Congreso Internacional, Septiembre 19 al 21 de 2023, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá - Colombia

Rousbeh Legatis, Claudia Maya

Bogotá: Instituto Colombo-Alemán para la Paz (CAPAZ) (2024), 69 pp.

"Más allá de ser meramente intermediarios, medios de comunicación, periodistas, comunicadoras y comunicadores sociales construyen narrativas de la memoria y del pasado a través de su labor y prác ticas cotidianas. A través de su trabajo dan contexto a los acontecimientos en perspectiva histór ... more

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‘They blame the messenger’: Re-examining the critique of journalists reporting on genocide in Rwanda and Srebrenica

Caitlin Knight

Journalism, volume 25, issue 10 (2024), pp. 2117–2134

"Reporting on cases of genocide presents distinct complexities and challenges for journalists, who must negotiate practical, professional, and emotional experiences that challenge traditional expectations of their role. Previous research has provided strident critiques of this reporting, arguing Wes ... more

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Historical Media Memories of the Rwandan Genocide: Documentaries, Films, and Television News

Tommy Gustafsson

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2024), xii, 297 pp.

"The Rwandan genocide is the second most audio-visually recreated genocide after the Holocaust, with approximately 200 films and documentaries produced in 39 countries between 1994 and 2021. Historical Media Memories of the Rwandan Genocide studies the construction, the development, and the recreati ... more

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Media Mapping and Dealing with the Past

Getoarbë Mulliqi-Bojaj, Abit Hoxha, Milan Spirovski

forum ZFD Kosovo & North Macedonia (2023), 23 pp.

"Despite their differences, both Kosovo and North Macedonia have shared challenges with regards to reporting about the past. Problems with violence and trust building in the communities is a field of reporting that does not often go beyond borders of ethnicity and political landscape. Reaching acros ... s the ethnic lines and political division, puts journalists in a dichotomous role between reporting on own community and revealing the truth which jeopardizes the true nature of journalism and the use of objective methodology in choosing sources. This media landscape report for Kosovo and North Macedonia also includes an overview of the self-perception of role of journalists in the society as it pertains to dealing with the past. Journalists stand in the center of journalistic concepts of professional ideology of independence, neutral reporting, and eye-witness accounting in one hand and their duty to accompany nation building processes, deal with crimes, scrutinize former officials of prior political structure and keep current political leaders accountable. This puts journalists in a particular position of being public defenders of the state, nation, and society building but also of development in post-conflict which is part of a wider political agenda. Hence, media actors are almost exclusively part of the political landscape. They argue that media and politics go hand in hand, both in Kosovo and North Macedonia. This, in itself, is challenging. Such interdependence of politics and media make is difficult for media to keep political actors accountable and jeopardizes the role of media in society. The media landscape in Kosovo and North Macedonia incorporates both expert views and empirical research findings that can help structural interventions to continue enhancing the professionalism of journalists with regards to making ethical choices in reporting on dealing with the past. It also guides them to care more about sensitive cases where privacy, the rights of families and victims, and their dignity take the spotlight while leaving sensationalist and celebritization of news reporting for other news beats. Arguing for a bottom-up and conflict-sensitive reporting in dealing with the past, Kosovo and North Macedonian journalists will build themselves pathways of dealing with the past through content that cares about the about truth and dignity while respecting human rights and the rights of victims of conflicts. This enables peace and reconciliation among communities serving the general interests of the people first." (About the project, page 7) more

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The First Draft of History. Journalists: Witnesses Before the Hague Tribunal

Boro Kontic, Nedim Sejdinovic, Elvira Jukic Mujkic, Anida Sokol, Selma Zulic Šiljak, Dragan Golubovic

Sarajevo: Mediacentar (2022), 97 pp.

"The book was born out of the need to understand and convey the experience of journalists who testified before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Aiming to shed light on the insufficiently researched role of journalists and newspaper material before the ICTY, Media ... more

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Periodismo participativo para reconstruir el pasado

Instituto Colombo-Alemán para la Paz (CAPAZ) (2022), 2 pp.

"Hacemos Memoria reúne en sus asesorías a reporteros, víctimas y ciudadanos interesados en conocer y discutir sobre el pasado violento que vivieron sus comunidades. Este proyecto de la Universidad de Antioquia convirtió el periodismo participativo en una herramienta para la producción colaborat ... more

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Changing the Story: Intergenerational Dialogue, Participatory Video and Perpetrator Memories in Cambodia

Paul Cooke, Katie Hodgkinson, Peter Manning

Memory Studies, volume 16, issue 5 (2022), 17 pp.

"Questions of reconciliation and memory after genocide and conflict in Cambodia remain finely poised. Young people often do not believe the stories of hardship and loss of the older generation, and cleavages remain between divided and stigmatised former factions. This article reflects on a series of ... more

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The Nanjing Massacre and the Making of Mediated Trauma

Hongtao Li, Shunming Huang

Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge (2022), xviii, 235 pp.

"Drawing on cultural trauma theory, this book investigates how collective memory of the Nanjing Massacre [by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing, China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945] is fashioned in China and how the mass media, political power and public praxis jointl ... more

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Languages of Trauma: History, Memory, and Media

Peter Leese, Julia Barbara Köhne, Jason Crouthamel (eds.)

Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press (2021), xiv, 408 pp.

"This volume traces the distinct cultural languages in which individual and collective forms of trauma are expressed in diverse variations, including oral and written narratives, literature, comic strips, photography, theatre, and cinematic images. The central argument is that traumatic memories are ... more

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Endlich genug von Hitler oder bitte noch mehr? Verlage als vergangenheitspolitische Akteur

Olaf Blaschke

In: Aufarbeitung des Nationalsozialismus: Ein Kompendium

Magnus Brechtken (ed.)

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2021), pp. 489-505

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Experiencias y enfoques de comunicación, memoria y paz

Chasqui: Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación (Quito), issue 143 (2020), p.41-243 pp.

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The Media of Memory

Marusa Pusnik, Oto Luthar (eds.)

Paderborn: Schöningh (2020), x, 245 pp.

"This book explores the nexus of media and memory practices in contemporary Slovenia. In the age of mediatised societies, the country’s post-socialist, post-Yugoslav present has become saturated with historical revisionism and various nostalgic framings of the past. Pušnik and Luthar have collect ... more

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Twenty Years After 'Leave None to Tell the Story', What Do We Now Know About the Genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda?

Timothy Longman

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 2, issue 2 (2020), pp. 40-47

"In 1999, Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) published an extensive account of genocide in Rwanda, Leave None to Tell the Story. Based on interviews and archival work conducted by a team of researchers and written primarily by Alison Des Forges, Leave N ... more

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Memoria, verdad y justicia: Herramientas para comunicar desde los derechos humanos
Key Guides

Gisela Cardozo (coord.)

Buenos Aires: Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos (APDH); World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) (2019), 127 pp.

"Esta guía no tiene por objetivo relatar los hechos de la historia, sino abordar distintos aspectos de utilidad para la cobertura periodística. Los diversos aspectos de la comunicación pueden resultar inabarcables, es por eso que esta guía no pretende ser exhaustiva pero sí señalar algunas cue ... more

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Media Freedom and Responsibility

Balkan Perspectives, issue 13 (2019), 24 pp.

"In the western Balkans, where post-war societies are still trying to rebuild their lives, and tensions lie just below the surface, media messages influenced by the politics of the day are destabilizing. For some, this is poorly disguised propaganda, a kind of political “spin”, “spun” by man ... more

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The Role of the Media in Fostering a Culture of Critical Engagement in the Context of Mass Atrocities: Examples from Rwanda, Colombia and South Sudan

Mark Frohardt, Paula Orlando

In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond

Allan Thompson (ed.)

Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 205-234

"A brief recap of the examples discussed here suggests, among other things, the following considerations: When information circulation is limited due to censorship or security concerns, it may be necessary to restrict information to what is essential for survival. In the case of BBTT in South Sudan, ... humanitarian information is produced and transmitted by residents of the UN protected sites, in local languages and for local residents only; Likewise, in post-genocide Rwanda, where broadcasting news about atrocities would have been very challenging, the newsreel project provided information and space for discussion for different groups, while creating a conversation that extended beyond each screening and location; BBTT and the newsreels project also demonstrate that closed environments may be the best option to provide information safely and allow for open discussions among individuals affected by violence. By employing the use of listening and discussion groups, the program furthers its goal of engaging residents and extending their participation in the local form of public sphere. These controlled environments are particularly important to encourage the participation of victims, women and other marginalized groups in dialogue; Training and engaging citizens to gather, curate and disseminate content, as BBTT does with community correspondents, is an effective way to provide information that matters to people's lives and to foster a culture of critical engagement. These processes potentially help communities rebuild media structures once the political situation stabilizes; Media outlets that create avenues for interaction and feedback tend to be most successful in providing content that is relevant and engaging to audiences, as in the case of Sawa Shabab in South Sudan; Drama, games, storytelling and other forms of engagement with narratives provide opportunities for individuals to work together, regain social trust, learn about alternate forms of participation and reconstruct symbolic narratives, as demonstrated by the examples in Colombia; Recognition of the suffering of the victims as well as of their agency in resisting violence is also crucial in a post-atrocities context. This may come in the form of interactive media-making by citizens or in initiatives supported by media or research organizations such as the National Center for Historical Memory." (Pages 226-227) more

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Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Deep Insights

Allan Thompson (ed.)

Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), x, 637 pp.

"The book includes an extensive section on the echoes of Rwanda, which looks at the cases of Darfur, the Central African Republic, Myanmar, and South Sudan, while the impact of social media as a new actor is examined through chapters on social media use by the Islamic State and in Syria and in other ... more

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Nosotros, Colombia ... Comunicación, paz y (pos)conflicto

Sergio Roncallo Dow, Juan David Cárdenas Ruiz, Juan Carlos Gómez Giraldo (eds.)

Chía: Universidad de La Sabana; Editorial EAFIT (2019), 279 pp.

"La paz parece haber sido esquiva en la historia de Colombia. Los vaivenes en los procesos de negociación, las promesas incumplidas y la polarización política han hecho de Colombia una nación en un estado de continua crisis y que, a pesar de sí misma —retomando la vieja frase de Bushnell— h ... more

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Víctimas y prensa después de la guerra: Tensiones entre intimidad, verdad histórica y libertad de expresión

Vivian Newman Pont, María Paula Ángel Arango, María Ximena Dávila Contreras

Bogotá: Dejusticia (2018), 94 pp.

Memoria, verdad y justicia: Herramientas para comunicar desde los derechos humanos Key Guides

Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond Deep Insights

Memoria, verdad y justicia: Herramientas para comunicar desde los derechos humanos
Key Guides

Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Deep Insights