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Media focus
9277
2537
1695
1336
697
238
235
114
42
28
Publication Years
4392
5626
2694
842
415
198
1289
141
18
1
Methods applied
522
487
417
325
197
81
62
49
27
14
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1
Journals
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183
128
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Output Type
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71
Trouble in paradise? Self-censorship, outside interference and harassment of journalists in Finland
Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 66-70
"Contrary to popular belief, being at or near the top of media freedom rankings doesn’t mean a country is free from interference and threats to journalists’ safety, Ilmari Hiltunen observes. When talking about censorship and journalism the attention has usually been focused on explicit violence
...
and crude repressive methods used to silence critical journalists in authoritarian or semi-democratic states. Yet recent studies have shown that outside interference and fear-induced self-censorship have tangible effects on journalism even in democratic countries with strong cultural, legal and institutional safeguards for press autonomy." (Abstract)
more
Media Ownership Monitor Serbia
Reporters Without Borders (2017), 549 pp.
"The state has been for year the biggest advertiser in the country. Public money has been spent through its Ministries, institutions, republic agencies, bodies, local self-governments etc on different advertising and sponsorship contracts. The total value of state advertising still remains unknown d
...
ue to the poor regulation of this sector. Most commercial advertising is placed with national media outlets. Outside the main cities, local economies are underdeveloped and advertising markets are very poor or nearly nonexistent. Under every government so far, owners of media buying agencies had close ties with the ruling party and politics. These connections have helped acentuate growing economic and editorial pressure on Serbian media. According to the latest available data which relate to 2016, the total value of the advertising market in Serbia was 174 million Euros. This amount of money is insufficient to sustain the survival of the curently active media in Serbia. There are more than 1600 active registred media outlets which are competing for their share of the advertising market." (http://www.mom-rsf.org)
more
Developing Sustainable News Media in Africa: A Professionalisation Model to Curtail “the Brown Envelope” and Other Corrupting Influences
Journal of Media Business Studies, volume 14, issue 1 (2017), pp. 5-24
"The development of free, independent, and sustainable news media in Africa is bedevilled by the “brown envelope syndrome,” the widespread practice of accepting money for news coverage. This paper reveals the pernicious effects the brown envelope syndrome has on African journalism and its abilit
...
y to function as a sustainable, democratic tool for nation-building. To curtail the brown envelope, a model to develop an institutional infrastructure for professional journalism is proposed. The model provides a collaborative framework for media and non-media actors (i.e. government, non-government organisations, and foundations) to strengthen the professionalism of journalism work through: higher education programmes that teach professional values and reveal damaging practices, professional associations that define and advocate journalism values that inform practices, and professional news management that incentivises and rewards best practices." (Abstract)
more
From Conventional Towards New Frames of Peace Journalism: The Cases of Uganda and Burundi
In: Peace, Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction in the Great Lakes Region of Africa
Dakar: CODESRIA (2017), pp. 209-236
"The main task of the study was to evaluate, from the perspective of Burundian (n=58) and Ugandan (n=183) journalists the feasibility of making operational the normative frames of peace reporting as expounded by peace journalism scholars against the more entrenched news frames that favour conflict o
...
r violence [...] The findings discussed in this chapter show that, overall, Burundian and Ugandan journalists still emphasise the frames of conflict or violence as viable news values. The survey results confirm the claim by scholars who have observed that conventional journalism frames that favour conflict or violence are well-entrenched and routinely influence media content. The rootedness of the frames of conflict or violence is evident across gender and years of journalism experience. This rootedness is most likely due to the training which is still dependent on literature and models of what Galtung and Ruge identified as favouring the conflict or violence framing of news." (Conclusion, page 231-232)
more
Media, Gender and the Reporting of Emergencies: A Booklet for Journalists and Professionals Dealing with Flood Reporting
Belgrade: OSCE (2017), 54 pp.
"This booklet first presents as a case study an overview and analysis of the actual reporting during the May 2014 flood in Serbia from the gender perspective. This part contains examples of gender stereotypical portrayal of men and women, but also the lack of visibility of female contribution to the
...
humanitarian response. The modern system of emergency management is essentially determined by a new security paradigm. This is important to the understanding of the gender perspective in emergency management and the main characteristics are described in part 2 of this guide. This is followed by a study of the media and its role and ethics concerning the reporting of emergency situations – covering the gender aspects of emergencies. This part includes recommendations for media action in accordance with the global as well as national approaches to strengthening the resilience of people and communities for a timely and effective accommodation and recovery from the effects of disasters." (Page 8)
more
The Need and the Opportunities for Sustainability: The Case of Local Radio Stations in Tanzania
Journal of Media Business Studies, volume 14, issue 1 (2017), pp. 38-59
"Local radio stations have mushroomed in Africa, including Tanzania, partly due to increased support from international donors. However, research results show that the lack of economic viability is a major constraint for local radio stations. They can hardly generate sufficient revenues from adverti
...
sers to sustain the station. This leads to high turnover of staff due to low pay, low quality of content, and lack of capacity in serious programming. Based on a market model, the goal of this paper is to identify these problems from both a business and a journalism perspective and to find possible solutions. The results of this analysis show that a viable economic model in Africa requires simultaneous support for three different fields, (a) development of good content, (b) development of media management capacities, and (c) media research covering the extent and satisfaction of local audiences in order to develop local advertising markets that serve local media." (Abstract)
more
Journalism Schools Must Include Safety Courses in Curricula
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 113-118
"Too many journalists are victims of violence and impunity, and more should be done in academia to prepare media students for the perils they are likely to face. I urge all faculty members at this conference to incorporate a course on safety for journalists in their curricula. It’s not a luxury; i
...
t’s an urgent necessity. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), one journalist is killed every five days in the line of duty and the impunity of such acts is unabated." (Abstract)
more
Environmental News in South America: Conflict, Crisis and Contestation
London: Palgrave Macmillan (2017), xi, 168 pp.
"Combining perspectives from media studies and political ecology, this book analyses socially constructed news regarding three environmental conflicts in South America. In recent decades, South American political administrations have tied national economies to neo-extractive development strategies,
...
creating not only vulnerabilities to global commodity boom and bust pricing cycles, but also to conflict regarding environmental and cultural degradation from extraction activities. Environmental contestations among indigenous peoples, environmental and social NGOs, state actors, and extraction industries receive media attention, but how these disputes are covered has implications for understandings of media performance in democratizing nations. The authors examine three case studies of environmental contestation in a region that is simultaneously vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and yet has become once again dependent on commodity exportation to industrializing and industrialized nations for economic benefit and social development strategies." (Publisher description)
more
Non-Western Theories of Communication: Indigenous Ideas and Insights
"This chapter presents an overview of non-Western communication theories for cross-cultural and intercultural research. The chapter specifically focuses on selected Afrocentric and Asiacentric theories of communication because they represent communication theories whose ideas and insights spring fro
...
m indigenous cumulative wisdom of non-Western cultural traditions. The chapter first explicates the significance and scope of non-Western communication theories and then reviews a total of seventeen theories within Afrocentric and Asiacentric communication scholarship. The indigenous theories under review are classified into three philosophical categories: 1. six theories predicated on Asian ontological worldviews; 2. four theories derived from African and Asian epistemological foundations; and 3. seven theories guided by African and Asian axiological parameters. The present chapter concludes by discussing future challenges of non-Western communication theorizing." (Abstract)
more
Indonesian double standards over press freedom endanger safety of Papuan journalists
Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 40-47
"The World Press Freedom Day celebration in Jakarta was a milestone for Indonesia’s democratic progress, but it was also remarkable for the silence around gross violations in the country’s Papuan provinces, writes David Robie." (Abstract)
Recherchejournalismus für das Gemeinwohl: Correctiv – eine Journalismusorganisation neuen Typs in der Entwicklung
Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, volume 65, issue 4 (2017), pp. 659-681
"Die neuere Journalismusentwicklung in Deutschland ist nicht nur von Krisensymptomen wie Glaubwürdigkeitsverlusten, der Erosion herkömmlicher Geschäftsmodelle, Stellenabbau und einer Prekarisierung des Berufs gekennzeichnet. Als positive Momente lassen sich neue Journalismusformen infolge der Dig
...
italisierung, eine verstärkte Rechercheorientierung sowie neue crossmediale Formen der journalistischen Zusammenarbeit beobachten. An allen drei Phänomenen hat Correctiv Anteil, ein 2014 in Essen und Berlin gegründetes sogenanntes Recherchezentrum, das sich gemeinnützigen Journalismus zum Nutzen der Gesellschaft zum Ziel gesetzt hat und dessen Arbeit derzeit hauptsächlich durch Stiftungen möglich gemacht wird. Der Beitrag, der methodisch u. a. auf Leitfadeninterviews und Redaktionsbeobachtungen beruht, beschreibt das Ethos und die Arbeitsweise von Correctiv. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem neuartigen Modell einer nichtexklusiven Zusammenarbeit mit ausgewählten Medien. Damit will Correctiv Reichweite in die Gesellschaft hinein erzielen. Abschließend wird die neuere Entwicklung des Recherchezentrums, insbesondere das Fact-Checking im Auftrag von Facebook, problematisiert." (Abstract)
more
Media Reporting on Human Trafficking
Washington, DC: United States Department of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017), 1 p.
"Just 15 years ago, human trafficking was an under-reported and often misrepresented issue and some reporting sensationalized the problem or even misinformed the public. In the last few years, a significant shift has occurred i n the media’s reporting of human trafficking, from dramatic exposés t
...
o in-depth original research and agenda-setting public-interest reporting. These media reports have helped change the way the public looks at human trafficking—from a crime that happens to “others” to one that has an impact on people’s everyday lives, in nearly every community and region of the world." (Page 1)
more
Wir und die Anderen? Eine Analyse der Bildberichterstattung deutschsprachiger Printmedien zu den Themen Flucht, Migration und Integration
Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung (2017), 100 pp.
"Diese Studie analysiert die Bildberichterstattung in Tageszeitungen und Magazinen zu den Themen »Flucht« und »Migration« anhand ausgewählter Ereignisse. Welche Bilder von Geflüchteten, von Migrantinnen und Migranten werden uns in deutschen Printmedien gezeigt, welche bleiben ungesehen? Wer wi
...
rd als Individuum erkennbar, wer bleibt anonym? Wer wird als handlungsmächtig sichtbar und wer nicht? Deutlich wird, dass Pressefotografie keine Wirklichkeit abbildet, sondern eigene Muster der Sichtbarkeit erzeugt. Auch wenn dabei »Fremde« zu sehen sind, zielt die Bildaussage oft auf die Vergewisserung des »Eigenen«, der deutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft. Ob Geflüchtete als hilfsbedürftig oder als bedrohlich erkennbar werden, hängt maßgeblich von Selektions- und Darstellungskonventionen journalistischer Bildberichterstattung ab." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
more
The Psychological Wellbeing of Iranian Journalists
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 185-190
"Objectives: To determine the emotional wellbeing of journalists who work in Iran. Methods: A website was established and journalists in newsrooms in Iran and the Diaspora were given information to access the site. Responses were received from 114 journalists (76 per per cent cent). The mean age was
...
37.8 years and 57 per cent were male. Primary outcomes measures: Impact of Event Scale-revised for posttraumatic stress disorder, Beck Depression Inventory-II for depression. Results: Stressors included arrest (41.2 per cent), torture (19.3 per cent), assault (10.5 per cent), intimidation (51.4 per cent) and family threatened (43.1 per cent). Eighty-nine (78.1 per cent) journalists had stopped working on a story because of intimidation. Arrest, torture, intimidation and family threatened were associated with more PTSD symptoms and assault and intimidation with more depressive symptoms. Almost a third used barbiturates, with use correlating with symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, arousal and depression. Conclusions: Iranian journalists confront an extraordinary degree of danger. Self-medication of emotional distress with barbiturates gives additional cause for concern." (Abstract)
more
Against the Current: The Emergence of a Media Democratization Policy Agenda in Latin America
Global Media and Communication, volume 13, issue 3 (2017), pp. 229-248
"In Latin America, the role of the media in democratic societies has recently become the subject of public debates, struggles and political mobilizations that have denaturalized the existing media order and established a distinct policy agenda oriented towards media democratization. This region-wide
...
trend – a counter-tendency to the globally dominant market-driven orientation of media and telecommunication policies – requires explanation. This article stresses that it cannot be attributed to a spontaneous reaction to market concentration or media elitism, just as it cannot be reduced to a top-down process driven by populist leaders seeking to control the media. Drawing on social movement literature, the article traces four interacting processes – domestic network mobilization, reframing processes, transnational activism and changes in political elite alignments – that have brought about the unprecedented politicization of the Latin American media order." (Abstract)
more
Job Autonomy: How Kenyan Newspeople Perceive their Journalistic Latitudes
African Journalism Studies, volume 38, issue 2 (2017), pp. 90-114
"National in scope, this survey of Kenyan journalists conducted in 2012–2013 (n = 504) examines job autonomy in news selection decisions, media freedom and predictors of journalistic autonomy. The research also investigates the relationship between Kenya’s media freedom and journalistic autonomy
...
. Findings show that over half (59%) of respondents believe that there is enough media freedom in Kenya. Similarly, there is a positive correlation between media freedom and journalistic autonomy—a relationship though moderate is statistically significant. While four in 10 Kenyan journalists have “some freedom” in deciding what to include in news, only 15.5 per cent enjoy “almost complete freedom,” and 31.7 per cent have “a great deal of freedom.” When analysed by demographics and work-related variables, male journalists reported higher autonomy than their female colleagues. Older and more experienced journalists have more freedoms than those who are younger and limited in work experience. Journalists with advanced education (doctorate and MA degree holders), those employed on full-time basis, and high monthly earners enjoy more job autonomy. Kenyan journalists working for international media organisations reported far higher autonomy than those in the local media. Job satisfaction and job autonomy emerged as the strongest predictors of journalistic autonomy in the Kenyan media." (Abstract)
more
Media [database]
Berlin: euro-topics (2017)
Ethical Perspectives in Latin America’s Journalism Community: A Comparative Analysis of Acceptance of Controversial Practice for Investigative Reporting
International Communication Gazette, volume 79, issue 5 (2017), pp. 459-482
"This study analyzes ethical interpretations in the region’s investigative journalism community through a comparative analysis based on a survey conducted with journalists, journalism educators, and students from 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Our findings highlight the prevalence of a
...
deontological perspective to ethics, with the majority of the respondents rejecting the use of soft-lies as investigative techniques. The study found, however, variability in ethical perspective within Latin America and Caribbean’s geo-cultural regions, with Central America and the Caribbean region leading in opposition and Brazil and the Southern Cone indicating more lenience toward controversial practices. When it comes to source-related controversial techniques, the journalism community in the region overwhelmingly rejects such practices." (Abstract)
more
"With regards to professional role orientations, Bulgarian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to educate the audience, to provide analysis of current affairs, to be a detached observer, and to let people express their views (see Table 1). It is notable that a very high
...
percentage of Bulgarian journalists also believed that supporting national development was extremely or very important for them. However, national development was not understood in the sense of supporting government policy or indeed conveying a positive image of political leadership. Other politically assertive roles such as influencing public opinion and advocating for social change were also supported by the majority of Bulgarian journalists but only a minority supported roles such as setting the political agenda and being an adversary of the government. Similarly, monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders and business was of significant importance to roughly half of all Bulgarian journalists. A majority of journalists in Bulgaria also found it important to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to tell stories about the world, and to provide information people need to make political decisions. A minority reported that it was important to provide entertainment and relaxation, and to provide advice, orientation and direction for daily life." (Journalistic roles, page 2)
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