Handbook of Children and Screens
Deep Insights
Cham: Springer Nature (2024), 657 pp.
"This open access handbook synthesizes the current research about the impacts of digital media on children across development. Drawing on the expertise of scientists and researchers as well as clinicians and practitioners, the book summarizes research through interdisciplinary expert reviews. First, it addresses the cognitive, physical, mental, and psychosocial impacts on infants, children, and adolescents. Next, the book explores how media influences relationships, family, culture, and society. Finally, it examines the impacts of specific digital domains pertinent to youth, including education technology, video gaming, and emerging technologies. Chapters employ a parallel structure, including background on the topic, summary of the current state of the research, future research directions, and recommendations for relevant stakeholders. The volume examines the timely issue of optimal child development in an increasingly digital age, offering innovative approaches to establish a solid and robust scientific foundation for this field of study as well as evidence-based action for adults who support positive youth development. Key areas of coverage include: cognition and brain development; physical and mental health; problematic uses of the internet; race; gender and sexuality; parenting in the digital age; cyberbullying and digital cruelty; media policy." (Publisher description)
PART I: RESEARCH CONCERNING COGNITIVE, PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACTS ON CHILDREN
Introduction to the SECTION ON DIGITAL MEDIA, COGNITION, AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT / Heather Kirkorian, 7
Digital Media, Cognition, and Brain Development in Infancy and Childhood / Heather Kirkorian, Rachel Barr, Sarah M. Coyne, Tiffany Grace-Chung Munzer, Martin Paulus, and Moriah E. Thomason, 13
Digital Media, Cognition, and Brain Development in Adolescence / Laura Marciano, Bernadka Dubicka, Lucía Magis- Weinberg, Rosalba Morese, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, and René Weber, 21
The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Digital Media Use on Attention / Susanne E. Baumgartner, Douglas A. Parry, Ine Beyens, Wisnu Wiradhany, Melina Uncapher, Anthony D. Wagner, and Daphné Bavelier, 31
Digital Media Use and Language Development in Early Childhood / Rebecca A. Dore, Mengguo Jing, Gemma Taylor, Sheri Madigan, Preeti G. Samudra, Annette S. Sundqvist, and Ying Xu, 39
Imagination, Creativity, and Play / Rebekah A. Richert, Koeun Choi, Tracy R. Gleason, Thalia R. Goldstein, and Susan M. Sibert, 47
Digital Media and Neurodevelopmental Differences / Meryl Alper, Alyssa M. Alcorn, Kristen Harrison, Jennifer A. Manganello, and Rachel R. Romeo, 55
Introduction to the SECTION ON SCREENS AND PHYSICAL HEALTH / Lauren Hale, 61
Digital Screen Media Use, Movement Behaviors, and Child Health / Mark S. Tremblay, Nicholas Kuzik, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Valerie Carson, Mai J. M. Chinapaw, Dorothea Dumuid, Wendy Yajun Huang, Travis J. Saunders, Amanda E. Staiano, and Russell R. Pate, 63
Screen Media, Obesity, and Nutrition / Amanda E. Staiano, Alyssa M. Button, Gary S. Goldfield, Thomas N. Robinson, Jorge Mota, Susan J. Woolford, and Peter T. Katzmarzyk, 73
Digital Food Marketing and Children’s Health and Well-being / Jennifer L. Harris, Frances Fleming-Milici, Ashley N. Gearhardt, Sonya Grier, Kathryn Montgomery, Maria Romo-Palafox, and Mimi Tatlow-Golden, 81
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearm Promotion in Digital Media: Corporate Influences on Adolescent Health / Jennifer A. Emond, Jeffrey Chester, Jonathan Noel, Jon-Patrick Allem, Brad J. Bushman, Brian Primack, and James D. Sargent, 91
What Do We Know About the Link Between Screens and Sleep Health? / Lauren Hale, Lauren E. Hartstein, Rebecca Robbins, Michael A. Grandner, Monique K. LeBourgeois, Michelle M. Garrison, and Charles A. Czeisler, 101
Screen Use, Physical Injuries, and Orthopedic Health / Jennifer A. Manganello, Lara B. McKenzie, Despina Stavrinos, and Leon Straker, 109
Introduction to the SECTION ON DIGITAL MEDIA AND MENTAL HEALTH / Paul Weigle, 117
Social Media and Youth Mental Health: A Departure from the Status Quo / Sarah M. Coyne, César Escobar-Viera, Mesfin A. Bekalu, Linda Charmaraman, Brian Primack, Reem M. A. Shafi, Patti M. Valkenburg, and Kofoworola D. A. Williams, 121
Youth Anxiety in the Digital Age: Present Status and Future Considerations / Merlin Ariefdjohan, Jacqueline Nesi, Benjamin Mullin, Matthew Pesko, and Sandra Fritsch, 129
Social Media and Depressive Symptoms / Jean M. Twenge, Dale Peeples, Reem M. A. Shafi, Elroy Boers, Lauren Hale, and Paul Weigle, 137
Media Influences on Self-Harm, Suicidality, and Suicide / Kaylee P. Kruzan, Jacqueline Nesi, Jessica L. Hamilton, Carol Vidal, Jean M. Twenge, Dale Peeples, and Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, 141
Social Media Use, Body Image Concerns, and Disordered Eating Among Adolescents / Sophia Choukas-Bradley, Anne J. Maheux, Jennifer Stevens Aubrey, Linda Charmaraman, Megan K. Maas, Jacqueline Nesi, L. Monique Ward, and Chia-chen Yang, 149
Who Is Most at Risk?: Identifying the Risks for Mental Health Problems Related to Social Media / Jessica L. Hamilton, Kaylee P. Kruzan, Hannah Szlyk, Jazmin Reyes-Portillo, Candice Biernesser, Michaeline Jensen, Jamie Zelazny, Brian Primack, John Torous, and Paul Weigle, 157
Digital Therapeutics in Child Psychiatry: Harnessing Technology to Treat Pediatric Mental Health / Meredith Gansner, Nicholas C. Jacobson, Lisa A. Marsch, and Randy Kulman, 165
Introduction to the SECTION ON PROBLEMATIC USE OF THE INTERNET IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE / Don Grant and Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, 173
Problematic Internet Use: A General Perspective / Naomi A. Fineberg, Don Grant, Zsolt Demetrovics, Matthias Brand, Julius Burkauskas, Ornella Corazza, Meredith Gansner, Douglas A. Gentile, Biljana Gjoneska, Mark D. Griffiths, Orsolya Király, Marc N. Potenza, and Aviv M. Weinstein, 179
Gaming Disorder Among Children and Adolescents / Mark D. Griffiths, Vasileios Stavropoulos, Halley M. Pontes, Xavier Carbonell, Daniel L. King, Chung-Ying Lin, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Orsolya Király, 187
Dysregulated Use of Mobile/Smartphone / Sarah E. Domoff, Jon D. Elhai, Jiang Long, Olatz Lopez-Fernandez, Christian Montag, Vladan Starcevic, Attila Szabo, Mariek M. P. Vanden Abeele, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Joel Billieux, 195
Treatment and Prevention of Internet Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents / Clifford Sussman, Michael Tsappis, David Greenfield, Paul Weigle, and Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, 203
Introduction to the SECTION ON YOUTH DIGITAL WELLBEING / Katie Davis and Linda Charmaraman and Olivia Snow, 211
Adolescents’ Online Communication Practices in a Digital World / Yalda T. Uhls, Amber van der Wal, Nicole Ellison, Anne Collier, Kaveri Subrahmanyam, and Patti M. Valkenburg, 215
Youth Digital Wellbeing and Social Connectedness / Linda Charmaraman, Jacqueline Nesi, Stephen M. Schueller, Sophia Choukas-Bradley, J. Maya Hernandez, and Katie Davis, 223
Empathy, Kindness, and Dignity in a Connected World / Carrie James, Anne Collier, Katie Davis, Sara Konrath, Tijana Milosevic, Elizabeth Milovidov, Elisabeth Staksrud, and Emily Weinstein, 231
Parasocial Relationships in Children and Teens / Bradley J. Bond, Karen E. Dill-Shackleford, Jayson L. Dibble, Tracy R. Gleason, Nancy Jennings, Sarah Rosaen, and Rebecca Tukachinsky Forster, 239
Online Self-Presentation and Identity: Insights from Diverse and Marginalized Youth / Chia-chen Yang, Angela Calvin, Sophia Choukas- Bradley, Koen Leurs, Adriana Manago, and Kaveri Subrahmanyam, 245
Youth Participatory Politics: Understanding and Supporting Civic Engagement in the Social Media Era / Ellen Middaugh, Mariah Kornbluh, Ashley Lee, Neta Kligler-Vilenchik, Srividya Ramasubramanian, Lynn Schofield Clark, and Tanner Vea, 253
PART II. RESEARCH ON HOW MEDIA INFLUENCE RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY, CULTURE, AND SOCIETY, 263
Introduction to the SECTION ON RACE, RACISM, AND DIGITAL MEDIA / Rob Eschmann and Desmond Upton Patton, 263
Structural Racism in Tech: Social Media Platforms, Algorithmic Bias, and Racist Tech / Safiya U. Noble, Sarah T. Roberts, Matthew Bui, André Brock, and Olivia Snow, 269
Is Social Media Increasing Risk for Mental Health Problems Among Youth? It’s Complicated / Ran Barzilay, David Pagliaccio, Carter J. Funkhouser, and Randy P. Auerbach, 275
Online Racism and Its Impact on Children, Adolescents, and Emerging Adults of Color / Brendesha M. Tynes, Henry A. Willis, Ashley Maxie-Moreman, Stephanie M. Ortiz, and Devin English, 283
Video Games and Race / Kishonna L Gray, Tara McPherson, Gillian Russell, and Rachel Anderson, 291
Participation of Marginalized Youth in Designing a Machine Learning–Based Model to Identify Child Abuse and Neglect / Aviv Y. Landau, Hannah Espeleta, Siva Mathiyazhagan, Ashley Blanchard, Paul Heider, Kenrick Cato, Rochelle F. Hanson, Desmond Upton Patton, Leslie Lenert, and Maxim Topaz, 297
Radical and Untethered: The Health Benefits of Imagination in Virtual Reality for Black Youth / Courtney D. Cogburn, Valerie Jones Taylor, Prema Filippone, and Oyewole Oyekoya, 305
Online Resistance: The Past, Present, and Future of Challenging Racism with Digital Tools / Rob Eschmann, Nkemka Anyiwo, Noor Toraif, and Stephanie M. Ortiz, 311
Introduction to the SECTION ON GENDER, SEXUALITY, AND DIGITAL MEDIA / Megan K. Maas, 317
Representations of Gender and Sexuality in Youth Media / Jennifer Stevens Aubrey, Megan K. Maas, Sophia Choukas-Bradley, Sarah M. Coyne, Meenakshi Gigi Durham, Tracy M. Scull, Johanna M. F. van Oosten, and L. Monique Ward, 325
Gender and Sexuality: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiences / Lauren B. McInroy, Kathryn Macapagal, Oliver W. J. Beer, and Claire Coyne, 333
Pornography Use During Adolescence: The Current State of Knowledge and Recommendations / Megan K. Maas, Paul J. Wright, Emily F. Rothman, Kimberly M. Nelson, Paul Weigle, and Debby Herbenick, 341
Sexual Health Information Online / Eric R. Walsh-Buhi, Hannah Javidi, and Kathryn Macapagal, 349
Online Sexual Communication and Partner Seeking Among Adolescents / Kathryn Macapagal, Val Wongsomboon, Jacob D. Gordon, Kimberly M. Nelson, and Laura M. Widman, 357
It’s Not Just Sexting: Adolescents’ Experiences with Exchanging and Disseminating Nude Images / Joris Van Ouytsel, Megan K. Maas, Bianca Klettke, Elizabeth M. Clancy, and Jeff R. Temple, 365
Introduction to the SECTION ON PARENTING IN THE DIGITAL AGE / Stephanie M. Reich and Sheri Madigan, 371
Media and Parenting: Current Findings and Future Directions / Stephanie M. Reich, Fashina Aladé, Drew P. Cingel, Lori Takeuchi, Ronald Warren, and Yalda T. Uhls, 379
Putting Digital Media in Balance: The Importance of Human-to- Human Interaction for Young Children / Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Jennifer M. Zosh, Brenna Hassinger-Das, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Yalda T. Uhls, and Lisa Guernsey, 387
Parenting and Screens During Middle Childhood / David S. Bickham, Drew P. Cingel, Amy I. Nathanson, Chad A. Rose, Colleen Russo Johnson, and Erica Scharrer, 395
Moving Beyond Fear and Restriction to Promoting Adolescent Resilience and Intentional Technology Use / Pamela Wisniewski, Jinkyung Park, Karla Badillo- Urquiola, Joy Gabrielli, Jennifer L. Doty, and Heidi Hartikainen, 403
Technoference in Parenting and Impacts on Parent–Child Relationships and Child Development / Brandon T. McDaniel, Lisa Linder, Mariek M. P. Vanden Abeele, Alison K. Ventura, Sarah M. Coyne, and Rachel Barr, 411
Family Systems Theory in the Digital Age: Reifying the Digital Level of Analysis / Dillon T. Browne, Orsolya Király, Katerina Lukavska, Sheri Madigan, and Zsolt Demetrovics, 419
Introduction to the SECTION ON CYBERBULLYING AND DIGITAL CRUELTY / Elizabeth Englander, 427
Cyberbullying and Social Media / Robin M. Kowalski, Gary W. Giumetti, Justin Patchin, Shelia R. Cotten, and Wendy Craig, 433
Digital Cruelty’s Impact on Self- Esteem and Body Image / Kaitlyn Burnell, Jolien Trekels, Madeleine J. George, and Jacqueline Nesi, 439
Criminological, Psychological, and Developmental Aspects of Pandemic Strain and Online Cruelty / Katalin Parti, Cheryl E. Sanders, Rosanna Breaux, and Meghan McCoy, 447
Online Hate Speech Among Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Recommendations / Sebastian Wachs, Angela Mazzone, Anja Schultze- Krumbholz, Michelle F. Wright, Nicola Döring, Dorothy L. Espelage, Manuel Gámez-Guadix, and Jun Sung Hong, 457
Introduction to the SECTION ON MEDIA POLICY / Colleen Kraft and Ellen Wartella, 465
Digital Policy Trends: Regulations, Interventions, and Policy Solutions / Teki Akuetteh, Lionel Brossi, Emma Day, Rys Farthing, Josh Golin, and Brian O’Neill, 469
Social Media Use in Childhood and Adolescence: Minimizing Its Adverse Effects Through Corporate Social Responsibility and European Union Regulations / Christian Montag, Zsolt Demetrovics, Jon D. Elhai, Don Grant, Ina Koning, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Marcantonio M. Spada, Melina Throuvala, and Regina van den Eijnden, 477
Distinguishing Credible from Sham: Supporting Young People to Navigate Online / Joel Breakstone, Sarah McGrew, Mark Smith, and Sam Wineburg, 485
Children’s Privacy in the Digital Age: US and UK Experiences and Policy Responses / Sonia Livingstone, Eva Lievens, Richard Graham, Kruakae Pothong, Stacey Steinberg, and Mariya Stoilova, 491
Bridging America’s Homework Gap by Closing the Digital Divide / Bhaskar Chakravorti, Stephen J. Aguilar, Arturo Franco, Reg Leichty, and Morgan Scott Polikoff, 499
Global Perspectives on Youth and the Digital Environment: Learnings from Majority World Countries / Lucía Magis-Weinberg, Matías Dodel, Luci Pangrazio, Manisha Pathak-Shelat, Sisi Tao, and Chikezie E. Uzuegbunam, 507
PART III. DIGITAL DOMAINS
Introduction to the SECTION ON EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY / Jennifer Darling-Aduana, 517
The State of Educational Technology Research and Practice / Daniel G. Krutka, Christine Greenhow, Royce Kimmons, Luci Pangrazio, and Torrey Trust, 523
Education Technology During the Pandemic and Future Emergencies / Justin Reich, Cristóbal Cobo, Sarah Dryden- Peterson, Eric Klopfer, Anya Kamenetz, and Torrey Trust, 529
Digital Ethics and Equity in K-12 Blended and Online Learning / Jennifer Darling-Aduana, Marie K. Heath, Ashley Stewart, Samantha Viano, Sumreen Asim, Antero Garcia, Elizabeth Langran, Carolyn Heinrich, and Xeturah Woodley, 535
The Importance of Digital Media Literacy / Kristen Hawley Turner, Bobbie Eisenstock, Troy Hicks, Tessa Jolls, W. Ian O’Byrne, Kathleen A. Paciga, Detra Price-Dennis, and Michelle Schira Hagerman, 541
The Explosion of EdTech: Can Its Promise Be Fulfilled? / Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Brenna Hassinger- Das, Natalia Kucirkova, Lauren Myers, and Rebecca A. Dore, 549
Children, Education, and Technologies: Current Debates, Key Concerns, and Future Directions Around Data Privacy, Surveillance, and Datafication / Velislava Hillman, Jamie Manolev, Samantha- Kaye Johnston, Priya C. Kumar, Florence Martin, Elana Zeide, Gergana Vladova, and Rina Lai, 557
Introduction to the SECTION ON VIDEO GAMING, VIOLENCE, AND GAMBLING / Douglas A. Gentile and Marc N. Potenza, 569
Video Gaming and Its Effects on Children and Adolescents: Research Priorities and Recommendations / Daniel L. King, Christina R. Galanis, Paul H. Delfabbro, Joel Billieux, Orsolya Király, Natale Canale, Florian Rehbein, Sally M. Gainsbury, and Marc N. Potenza, 573
Violent Video Games and Aggression / Brad J. Bushman, Alessandro Gabbiadini, Tobias Greitemeyer, and Barbara Krahé, 581
Gaming Convergences with Other Digital Technologies: Gambling, Pornography, Social Media, and Streaming / Sally M. Gainsbury, Thomas B. Swanton, Isabel Baenas, Jesús Castro-Calvo, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Maèva Flayelle, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Gemma Mestre-Bach, and Joël Billieux, 589
Online Gambling in Youth / Marc N. Potenza, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Zsolt Demetrovics, Jeffrey Derevensky, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Sally M. Gainsbury, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, and Shane W. Kraus, 597
Introduction to the SECTION ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES / Judith H. Danovitch, 605
Growing Up with Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Child Development / Ying Xu, Yenda Prado, Rachel L. Severson, Silvia Lovato, and Justine Cassell, 611
Children’s Understanding and Use of Voice-Assistants: Opportunities and Challenges / Judith H. Danovitch, Adam K. Dubé, Cansu Oranç, Jessica Szczuka, and Svetlana Yarosh, 619
Social Robots and Children’s Development: Promises and Implications / Rachel L. Severson, Jochen Peter, Takayuki Kanda, Jordy Kaufman, and Brian Scassellati, 627
Immersive Horizons: Navigating the Impacts of Virtual Reality on Children and Families / Jordy Kaufman, Jennifer M. Zosh, Jakki O. Bailey, Therese Keane, Paola Araiza-Alba, Dorothy Cowie, Eunjoo Kim, Faisal Mushtaq, Lawrence Tychsen, and Tim J. Smith, 635
Children’s Understanding of Digital Tracking and Digital Privacy / Susan A. Gelman, Shaylene E. Nancekivell, Young- eun Lee, and Florian Schaub, 643
Introduction to the SECTION ON DIGITAL MEDIA, COGNITION, AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT / Heather Kirkorian, 7
Digital Media, Cognition, and Brain Development in Infancy and Childhood / Heather Kirkorian, Rachel Barr, Sarah M. Coyne, Tiffany Grace-Chung Munzer, Martin Paulus, and Moriah E. Thomason, 13
Digital Media, Cognition, and Brain Development in Adolescence / Laura Marciano, Bernadka Dubicka, Lucía Magis- Weinberg, Rosalba Morese, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, and René Weber, 21
The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Digital Media Use on Attention / Susanne E. Baumgartner, Douglas A. Parry, Ine Beyens, Wisnu Wiradhany, Melina Uncapher, Anthony D. Wagner, and Daphné Bavelier, 31
Digital Media Use and Language Development in Early Childhood / Rebecca A. Dore, Mengguo Jing, Gemma Taylor, Sheri Madigan, Preeti G. Samudra, Annette S. Sundqvist, and Ying Xu, 39
Imagination, Creativity, and Play / Rebekah A. Richert, Koeun Choi, Tracy R. Gleason, Thalia R. Goldstein, and Susan M. Sibert, 47
Digital Media and Neurodevelopmental Differences / Meryl Alper, Alyssa M. Alcorn, Kristen Harrison, Jennifer A. Manganello, and Rachel R. Romeo, 55
Introduction to the SECTION ON SCREENS AND PHYSICAL HEALTH / Lauren Hale, 61
Digital Screen Media Use, Movement Behaviors, and Child Health / Mark S. Tremblay, Nicholas Kuzik, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Valerie Carson, Mai J. M. Chinapaw, Dorothea Dumuid, Wendy Yajun Huang, Travis J. Saunders, Amanda E. Staiano, and Russell R. Pate, 63
Screen Media, Obesity, and Nutrition / Amanda E. Staiano, Alyssa M. Button, Gary S. Goldfield, Thomas N. Robinson, Jorge Mota, Susan J. Woolford, and Peter T. Katzmarzyk, 73
Digital Food Marketing and Children’s Health and Well-being / Jennifer L. Harris, Frances Fleming-Milici, Ashley N. Gearhardt, Sonya Grier, Kathryn Montgomery, Maria Romo-Palafox, and Mimi Tatlow-Golden, 81
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearm Promotion in Digital Media: Corporate Influences on Adolescent Health / Jennifer A. Emond, Jeffrey Chester, Jonathan Noel, Jon-Patrick Allem, Brad J. Bushman, Brian Primack, and James D. Sargent, 91
What Do We Know About the Link Between Screens and Sleep Health? / Lauren Hale, Lauren E. Hartstein, Rebecca Robbins, Michael A. Grandner, Monique K. LeBourgeois, Michelle M. Garrison, and Charles A. Czeisler, 101
Screen Use, Physical Injuries, and Orthopedic Health / Jennifer A. Manganello, Lara B. McKenzie, Despina Stavrinos, and Leon Straker, 109
Introduction to the SECTION ON DIGITAL MEDIA AND MENTAL HEALTH / Paul Weigle, 117
Social Media and Youth Mental Health: A Departure from the Status Quo / Sarah M. Coyne, César Escobar-Viera, Mesfin A. Bekalu, Linda Charmaraman, Brian Primack, Reem M. A. Shafi, Patti M. Valkenburg, and Kofoworola D. A. Williams, 121
Youth Anxiety in the Digital Age: Present Status and Future Considerations / Merlin Ariefdjohan, Jacqueline Nesi, Benjamin Mullin, Matthew Pesko, and Sandra Fritsch, 129
Social Media and Depressive Symptoms / Jean M. Twenge, Dale Peeples, Reem M. A. Shafi, Elroy Boers, Lauren Hale, and Paul Weigle, 137
Media Influences on Self-Harm, Suicidality, and Suicide / Kaylee P. Kruzan, Jacqueline Nesi, Jessica L. Hamilton, Carol Vidal, Jean M. Twenge, Dale Peeples, and Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, 141
Social Media Use, Body Image Concerns, and Disordered Eating Among Adolescents / Sophia Choukas-Bradley, Anne J. Maheux, Jennifer Stevens Aubrey, Linda Charmaraman, Megan K. Maas, Jacqueline Nesi, L. Monique Ward, and Chia-chen Yang, 149
Who Is Most at Risk?: Identifying the Risks for Mental Health Problems Related to Social Media / Jessica L. Hamilton, Kaylee P. Kruzan, Hannah Szlyk, Jazmin Reyes-Portillo, Candice Biernesser, Michaeline Jensen, Jamie Zelazny, Brian Primack, John Torous, and Paul Weigle, 157
Digital Therapeutics in Child Psychiatry: Harnessing Technology to Treat Pediatric Mental Health / Meredith Gansner, Nicholas C. Jacobson, Lisa A. Marsch, and Randy Kulman, 165
Introduction to the SECTION ON PROBLEMATIC USE OF THE INTERNET IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE / Don Grant and Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, 173
Problematic Internet Use: A General Perspective / Naomi A. Fineberg, Don Grant, Zsolt Demetrovics, Matthias Brand, Julius Burkauskas, Ornella Corazza, Meredith Gansner, Douglas A. Gentile, Biljana Gjoneska, Mark D. Griffiths, Orsolya Király, Marc N. Potenza, and Aviv M. Weinstein, 179
Gaming Disorder Among Children and Adolescents / Mark D. Griffiths, Vasileios Stavropoulos, Halley M. Pontes, Xavier Carbonell, Daniel L. King, Chung-Ying Lin, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Orsolya Király, 187
Dysregulated Use of Mobile/Smartphone / Sarah E. Domoff, Jon D. Elhai, Jiang Long, Olatz Lopez-Fernandez, Christian Montag, Vladan Starcevic, Attila Szabo, Mariek M. P. Vanden Abeele, Zsolt Demetrovics, and Joel Billieux, 195
Treatment and Prevention of Internet Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents / Clifford Sussman, Michael Tsappis, David Greenfield, Paul Weigle, and Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, 203
Introduction to the SECTION ON YOUTH DIGITAL WELLBEING / Katie Davis and Linda Charmaraman and Olivia Snow, 211
Adolescents’ Online Communication Practices in a Digital World / Yalda T. Uhls, Amber van der Wal, Nicole Ellison, Anne Collier, Kaveri Subrahmanyam, and Patti M. Valkenburg, 215
Youth Digital Wellbeing and Social Connectedness / Linda Charmaraman, Jacqueline Nesi, Stephen M. Schueller, Sophia Choukas-Bradley, J. Maya Hernandez, and Katie Davis, 223
Empathy, Kindness, and Dignity in a Connected World / Carrie James, Anne Collier, Katie Davis, Sara Konrath, Tijana Milosevic, Elizabeth Milovidov, Elisabeth Staksrud, and Emily Weinstein, 231
Parasocial Relationships in Children and Teens / Bradley J. Bond, Karen E. Dill-Shackleford, Jayson L. Dibble, Tracy R. Gleason, Nancy Jennings, Sarah Rosaen, and Rebecca Tukachinsky Forster, 239
Online Self-Presentation and Identity: Insights from Diverse and Marginalized Youth / Chia-chen Yang, Angela Calvin, Sophia Choukas- Bradley, Koen Leurs, Adriana Manago, and Kaveri Subrahmanyam, 245
Youth Participatory Politics: Understanding and Supporting Civic Engagement in the Social Media Era / Ellen Middaugh, Mariah Kornbluh, Ashley Lee, Neta Kligler-Vilenchik, Srividya Ramasubramanian, Lynn Schofield Clark, and Tanner Vea, 253
PART II. RESEARCH ON HOW MEDIA INFLUENCE RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY, CULTURE, AND SOCIETY, 263
Introduction to the SECTION ON RACE, RACISM, AND DIGITAL MEDIA / Rob Eschmann and Desmond Upton Patton, 263
Structural Racism in Tech: Social Media Platforms, Algorithmic Bias, and Racist Tech / Safiya U. Noble, Sarah T. Roberts, Matthew Bui, André Brock, and Olivia Snow, 269
Is Social Media Increasing Risk for Mental Health Problems Among Youth? It’s Complicated / Ran Barzilay, David Pagliaccio, Carter J. Funkhouser, and Randy P. Auerbach, 275
Online Racism and Its Impact on Children, Adolescents, and Emerging Adults of Color / Brendesha M. Tynes, Henry A. Willis, Ashley Maxie-Moreman, Stephanie M. Ortiz, and Devin English, 283
Video Games and Race / Kishonna L Gray, Tara McPherson, Gillian Russell, and Rachel Anderson, 291
Participation of Marginalized Youth in Designing a Machine Learning–Based Model to Identify Child Abuse and Neglect / Aviv Y. Landau, Hannah Espeleta, Siva Mathiyazhagan, Ashley Blanchard, Paul Heider, Kenrick Cato, Rochelle F. Hanson, Desmond Upton Patton, Leslie Lenert, and Maxim Topaz, 297
Radical and Untethered: The Health Benefits of Imagination in Virtual Reality for Black Youth / Courtney D. Cogburn, Valerie Jones Taylor, Prema Filippone, and Oyewole Oyekoya, 305
Online Resistance: The Past, Present, and Future of Challenging Racism with Digital Tools / Rob Eschmann, Nkemka Anyiwo, Noor Toraif, and Stephanie M. Ortiz, 311
Introduction to the SECTION ON GENDER, SEXUALITY, AND DIGITAL MEDIA / Megan K. Maas, 317
Representations of Gender and Sexuality in Youth Media / Jennifer Stevens Aubrey, Megan K. Maas, Sophia Choukas-Bradley, Sarah M. Coyne, Meenakshi Gigi Durham, Tracy M. Scull, Johanna M. F. van Oosten, and L. Monique Ward, 325
Gender and Sexuality: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiences / Lauren B. McInroy, Kathryn Macapagal, Oliver W. J. Beer, and Claire Coyne, 333
Pornography Use During Adolescence: The Current State of Knowledge and Recommendations / Megan K. Maas, Paul J. Wright, Emily F. Rothman, Kimberly M. Nelson, Paul Weigle, and Debby Herbenick, 341
Sexual Health Information Online / Eric R. Walsh-Buhi, Hannah Javidi, and Kathryn Macapagal, 349
Online Sexual Communication and Partner Seeking Among Adolescents / Kathryn Macapagal, Val Wongsomboon, Jacob D. Gordon, Kimberly M. Nelson, and Laura M. Widman, 357
It’s Not Just Sexting: Adolescents’ Experiences with Exchanging and Disseminating Nude Images / Joris Van Ouytsel, Megan K. Maas, Bianca Klettke, Elizabeth M. Clancy, and Jeff R. Temple, 365
Introduction to the SECTION ON PARENTING IN THE DIGITAL AGE / Stephanie M. Reich and Sheri Madigan, 371
Media and Parenting: Current Findings and Future Directions / Stephanie M. Reich, Fashina Aladé, Drew P. Cingel, Lori Takeuchi, Ronald Warren, and Yalda T. Uhls, 379
Putting Digital Media in Balance: The Importance of Human-to- Human Interaction for Young Children / Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Jennifer M. Zosh, Brenna Hassinger-Das, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Yalda T. Uhls, and Lisa Guernsey, 387
Parenting and Screens During Middle Childhood / David S. Bickham, Drew P. Cingel, Amy I. Nathanson, Chad A. Rose, Colleen Russo Johnson, and Erica Scharrer, 395
Moving Beyond Fear and Restriction to Promoting Adolescent Resilience and Intentional Technology Use / Pamela Wisniewski, Jinkyung Park, Karla Badillo- Urquiola, Joy Gabrielli, Jennifer L. Doty, and Heidi Hartikainen, 403
Technoference in Parenting and Impacts on Parent–Child Relationships and Child Development / Brandon T. McDaniel, Lisa Linder, Mariek M. P. Vanden Abeele, Alison K. Ventura, Sarah M. Coyne, and Rachel Barr, 411
Family Systems Theory in the Digital Age: Reifying the Digital Level of Analysis / Dillon T. Browne, Orsolya Király, Katerina Lukavska, Sheri Madigan, and Zsolt Demetrovics, 419
Introduction to the SECTION ON CYBERBULLYING AND DIGITAL CRUELTY / Elizabeth Englander, 427
Cyberbullying and Social Media / Robin M. Kowalski, Gary W. Giumetti, Justin Patchin, Shelia R. Cotten, and Wendy Craig, 433
Digital Cruelty’s Impact on Self- Esteem and Body Image / Kaitlyn Burnell, Jolien Trekels, Madeleine J. George, and Jacqueline Nesi, 439
Criminological, Psychological, and Developmental Aspects of Pandemic Strain and Online Cruelty / Katalin Parti, Cheryl E. Sanders, Rosanna Breaux, and Meghan McCoy, 447
Online Hate Speech Among Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Recommendations / Sebastian Wachs, Angela Mazzone, Anja Schultze- Krumbholz, Michelle F. Wright, Nicola Döring, Dorothy L. Espelage, Manuel Gámez-Guadix, and Jun Sung Hong, 457
Introduction to the SECTION ON MEDIA POLICY / Colleen Kraft and Ellen Wartella, 465
Digital Policy Trends: Regulations, Interventions, and Policy Solutions / Teki Akuetteh, Lionel Brossi, Emma Day, Rys Farthing, Josh Golin, and Brian O’Neill, 469
Social Media Use in Childhood and Adolescence: Minimizing Its Adverse Effects Through Corporate Social Responsibility and European Union Regulations / Christian Montag, Zsolt Demetrovics, Jon D. Elhai, Don Grant, Ina Koning, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Marcantonio M. Spada, Melina Throuvala, and Regina van den Eijnden, 477
Distinguishing Credible from Sham: Supporting Young People to Navigate Online / Joel Breakstone, Sarah McGrew, Mark Smith, and Sam Wineburg, 485
Children’s Privacy in the Digital Age: US and UK Experiences and Policy Responses / Sonia Livingstone, Eva Lievens, Richard Graham, Kruakae Pothong, Stacey Steinberg, and Mariya Stoilova, 491
Bridging America’s Homework Gap by Closing the Digital Divide / Bhaskar Chakravorti, Stephen J. Aguilar, Arturo Franco, Reg Leichty, and Morgan Scott Polikoff, 499
Global Perspectives on Youth and the Digital Environment: Learnings from Majority World Countries / Lucía Magis-Weinberg, Matías Dodel, Luci Pangrazio, Manisha Pathak-Shelat, Sisi Tao, and Chikezie E. Uzuegbunam, 507
PART III. DIGITAL DOMAINS
Introduction to the SECTION ON EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY / Jennifer Darling-Aduana, 517
The State of Educational Technology Research and Practice / Daniel G. Krutka, Christine Greenhow, Royce Kimmons, Luci Pangrazio, and Torrey Trust, 523
Education Technology During the Pandemic and Future Emergencies / Justin Reich, Cristóbal Cobo, Sarah Dryden- Peterson, Eric Klopfer, Anya Kamenetz, and Torrey Trust, 529
Digital Ethics and Equity in K-12 Blended and Online Learning / Jennifer Darling-Aduana, Marie K. Heath, Ashley Stewart, Samantha Viano, Sumreen Asim, Antero Garcia, Elizabeth Langran, Carolyn Heinrich, and Xeturah Woodley, 535
The Importance of Digital Media Literacy / Kristen Hawley Turner, Bobbie Eisenstock, Troy Hicks, Tessa Jolls, W. Ian O’Byrne, Kathleen A. Paciga, Detra Price-Dennis, and Michelle Schira Hagerman, 541
The Explosion of EdTech: Can Its Promise Be Fulfilled? / Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Brenna Hassinger- Das, Natalia Kucirkova, Lauren Myers, and Rebecca A. Dore, 549
Children, Education, and Technologies: Current Debates, Key Concerns, and Future Directions Around Data Privacy, Surveillance, and Datafication / Velislava Hillman, Jamie Manolev, Samantha- Kaye Johnston, Priya C. Kumar, Florence Martin, Elana Zeide, Gergana Vladova, and Rina Lai, 557
Introduction to the SECTION ON VIDEO GAMING, VIOLENCE, AND GAMBLING / Douglas A. Gentile and Marc N. Potenza, 569
Video Gaming and Its Effects on Children and Adolescents: Research Priorities and Recommendations / Daniel L. King, Christina R. Galanis, Paul H. Delfabbro, Joel Billieux, Orsolya Király, Natale Canale, Florian Rehbein, Sally M. Gainsbury, and Marc N. Potenza, 573
Violent Video Games and Aggression / Brad J. Bushman, Alessandro Gabbiadini, Tobias Greitemeyer, and Barbara Krahé, 581
Gaming Convergences with Other Digital Technologies: Gambling, Pornography, Social Media, and Streaming / Sally M. Gainsbury, Thomas B. Swanton, Isabel Baenas, Jesús Castro-Calvo, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Maèva Flayelle, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Gemma Mestre-Bach, and Joël Billieux, 589
Online Gambling in Youth / Marc N. Potenza, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Zsolt Demetrovics, Jeffrey Derevensky, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Sally M. Gainsbury, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, and Shane W. Kraus, 597
Introduction to the SECTION ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES / Judith H. Danovitch, 605
Growing Up with Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Child Development / Ying Xu, Yenda Prado, Rachel L. Severson, Silvia Lovato, and Justine Cassell, 611
Children’s Understanding and Use of Voice-Assistants: Opportunities and Challenges / Judith H. Danovitch, Adam K. Dubé, Cansu Oranç, Jessica Szczuka, and Svetlana Yarosh, 619
Social Robots and Children’s Development: Promises and Implications / Rachel L. Severson, Jochen Peter, Takayuki Kanda, Jordy Kaufman, and Brian Scassellati, 627
Immersive Horizons: Navigating the Impacts of Virtual Reality on Children and Families / Jordy Kaufman, Jennifer M. Zosh, Jakki O. Bailey, Therese Keane, Paola Araiza-Alba, Dorothy Cowie, Eunjoo Kim, Faisal Mushtaq, Lawrence Tychsen, and Tim J. Smith, 635
Children’s Understanding of Digital Tracking and Digital Privacy / Susan A. Gelman, Shaylene E. Nancekivell, Young- eun Lee, and Florian Schaub, 643
