"This paper presents media and information literacy as a public defence against disinformation. It discusses the African literacy gap, the science of prebunking and inoculation, and practical functions for identifying, debunking and countering falsehoods without amplifying them. Journalists and educators can use the framework to design public-facing learning and strengthen resilience. The report focuses on skills and shared practices that help audiences evaluate claims rather than relying only on platform or detection technologies." (This comment was generated using AI)