Audiences &
Users
All categories
Anthropology of Media
Audience Focus & Engagement
Audience Research & Methods
Audience Segmentation & Lifestyles
Children
Counselling & Helplines
Elderly People
Gender
Indigenous Peoples
Information Needs
Media Literacy
Media Use, Media Consumption
Memory, Collective Memory
Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas
Minorities & Disadvantaged People
Persons with Disabilities
Reception, Effects, Psychology
Trauma, Death, Grief
Trust in Media
Youth
Development &
Communication
All categories
Agriculture & Food Security
Behaviour Change
Climate, Environment, Sustainable Development
Communication in Development Projects
Devcom Research & Theories
Development Aid Reporting & PR
Development Communication
Development Education
Development Journalism
Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
Educational Media
Edutainment
Health Communication
Participatory Communication
Participatory Video
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
Rural Communication & Development
Social Change Communication
Theatre for Development
Visual Aids for Development
Digital
Transformation
All categories
Algorithms
Artificial Intelligence
Community Connectivity & Informatics
Country & Regional Digital Ecosystems
Cyberbullying, Digital Abuse, Cyberdeviance
Cyberpsychology, Digital Effects & Wellbeing
Data, Open Data, Data Regulation
Democracy & Digitalisation
Digital Access, Inequalities & Inclusion
Digital Cultures, Digital Anthropology
Digital Economies, Industries & Markets
Digital Ethics
Digital Freedom, Digital Rights
Digital Governance & Regulation
Digital Infrastructure, Telecommunications
Digital Labour & Tech Entrepreneurship
Digital Literacy & Skills
Digital Platforms, Social Media
Digital Privacy & Safety
Digital & Social Media Use
Digital Transformation Processes & Strategies
Ecological Footprint & Sustainable IT
ICT4D - ICTs for Development
Mobile Money & E-Commerce
Software, Hardware, Digital Technologies
Media
Development
All categories
Access to Public Information
Authoritarian Regimes
Civic Engagement, Civil Society, Protest Movements
Community Radio, Alternative & Citizen Media
Conflicts & Peace
Corruption & Anti-Corruption
Digital News Media
Disinformation & Misinformation
Economics, Markets & Viability of Media
Ethics & Self-Regulation
Extremism & Hate Speech
Freedom of Expression & Media
Human Rights
Information Ecosystems & Media Landscapes
Journalism
Law, Regulation, Media Policies
Local Media & Journalism
Media Assistance
Nonwestern & Decolonial Approaches
Political Communication, Democracy, Elections
Public Service & State Media
Transnational Communication
UN & Multilateral Organisations
Religion &
Communication
All categories
Buddhism
Catholic Church
Christianity, Christian Churches
Conflicts, Peace & Religion
Development & Religion
Digital Religion & Theologies
Film & Religion
Fundamentalism
Hinduism
Interreligious Dialogue
Islam
Judaism
Managing & Financing Religious Media
Parish Communication
Pastoral Communication
Pentecostal Churches
Politics, Society & Religion
Popular Religion & Religiotainment
Religious Art, Music & Symbols
Religious Audiences & Media Use
Religious Book Publishing
Religious Communication
Religious Education & Catequetics
Religious Freedom & Minorities
Religious Journalism
Religious Marketing & PR
Religious Press
Religious Radio
Religious Television
Theologies of Communication
Youth & Religion
Other
All categories
Advertising
Archives, Libraries, Documentation
Area Studies, Politics, Society, History
Book Publishing
Cartoons & Comics
Cinema
Colonialism, Colonial Legacies
Communication & Media General
Culture, Popular Culture, Literature, Arts
Development & Development Assistance
Economy General & Political Economy
Entertainment
Gaming
History of Media
Intercultural Communication
Interpersonal & Group Communication
Language, Linguistics, Multilingualism
Music, Popular Music, Dance
Photography, Photojournalism
Radio & Audio (General)
Research in Media & Communication
Research Methods
Science & Research Communication
Technologies & Equipment
Television (General)
Theories of Communication & Media
Urban Communication
Visual Communication
COUNTRIES
Abkhazia
Afghanistan
Africa
Albania
Algeria
Amazonia
Andean Countries
Andorra
Anglophone Africa
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Arab Gulf States
Arab World
Argentina
Armenia
Asia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Baltic States
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda Islands
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Caribbean
Central Africa
Central African Republic
Central America
Central Asia & Caucasus
Chad
Chechnya
Chile
China
Colombia
Commonwealth of Independent States
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic
Congo-Brazzaville
Cono Sur
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
Darfur (Sudan)
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Dutch Caribbean, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Sint Maarten
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East Asia
Eastern & Central Europe
Ecuador
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El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Eswatini / Swaziland
Ethiopia
Europe
Falkland Islands
Fiji
Finland
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
France
Francophone Africa
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Global South, Developing Countries
Great Lakes Region (Africa)
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Hawaii
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Islands (Off the East African Coast)
Indonesia
International Scope
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kurdistan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Lusophone Africa
Luxembourg
Macao
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Melanesia
Mexico
Micronesia
Middle East
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar / Burma
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Nordic Countries, Scandinavia
North Africa, Maghreb
North Korea
North Macedonia
Northern Ireland
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau / Belau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Polynesia
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Réunion
Sahel & Sahara
Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Somaliland
South Africa
South America
South Asia
South Korea
South Sudan
Southeast Asia
Southeast Europe
Southern Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
São Tomé and Príncipe
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Tibet
Timor Leste / East Timor
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
USA
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands
West Africa
Western Europe
Western Sahara
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
West & Central Africa
East & Southern Africa
Middle East & North Africa
Central & South Asia
East & Southeast Asia
Oceania & Pacific Islands
Western & Northern Europe
Eastern & Southeast Europe
Latin America
North America
TOOLBOXES
Campaigning, Advocacy, PR
Evaluation & Impact Assessment
Management & Financing
Production Skills
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
Afghanistan IKM Leipzig
Media Assistance CIDESA 1971
Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield
Abkhazia
Afghanistan
Africa
Albania
Algeria
Amazonia
Andean Countries
Andorra
Anglophone Africa
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Arab Gulf States
Arab World
Argentina
Armenia
Asia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Baltic States
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda Islands
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Caribbean
Central Africa
Central African Republic
Central America
Central Asia & Caucasus
Chad
Chechnya
Chile
China
Colombia
Commonwealth of Independent States
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic
Congo-Brazzaville
Cono Sur
Cook Islands
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
Darfur (Sudan)
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Dutch Caribbean, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Sint Maarten
East Africa
East Asia
Eastern & Central Europe
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Eswatini / Swaziland
Ethiopia
Europe
Falkland Islands
Fiji
Finland
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
France
Francophone Africa
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Global South, Developing Countries
Great Lakes Region (Africa)
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Hawaii
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Islands (Off the East African Coast)
Indonesia
International Scope
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kurdistan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Lusophone Africa
Luxembourg
Macao
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Melanesia
Mexico
Micronesia
Middle East
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar / Burma
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Nordic Countries, Scandinavia
North Africa, Maghreb
North Korea
North Macedonia
Northern Ireland
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau / Belau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Polynesia
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Réunion
Sahel & Sahara
Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Somaliland
South Africa
South America
South Asia
South Korea
South Sudan
Southeast Asia
Southeast Europe
Southern Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
São Tomé and Príncipe
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Tibet
Timor Leste / East Timor
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
USA
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virgin Islands
West Africa
Western Europe
Western Sahara
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
West & Central Africa
East & Southern Africa
Middle East & North Africa
Central & South Asia
East & Southeast Asia
Oceania & Pacific Islands
Western & Northern Europe
Eastern & Southeast Europe
Latin America
North America
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Legal Guidance on Internet Restrictions and Shutdowns in Africa
Geneva:
International Commission of Jurists (icj)
(2022), 18 pp.
