"This publication maps documented disinformation campaigns across Africa, grouping them by region and sponsor and describing their political and security consequences. It highlights foreign state-sponsored operations, domestic political actors, militant groups and military actors, with examples involving elections, coups, conflict and media ecosystems. The regional overview and country cases help readers understand the scale and varied sources of the campaigns. The accompanying map gives a quick visual reference to campaign counts and reported sponsor types." (This comment was generated using AI)