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Spyware: An Unregulated and Escalating Threat to Independent Media

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2021), 20 pp.
"Spyware is increasingly used by governments around the world to silence independent media. The use of spyware poses safety risks to journalists and their sources, encourages self-censorship, and creates new financial and operational strains for news outlets. Media advocates, news outlets, and policymakers must articulate the irreparable harm spyware poses to independent media in order to develop a robust response." (Key findings)