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Soft Censorship, Hard Impact: A Global Review
Paris; Washington, DC: World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA); Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2014), 29 pp.
"Official “soft censorship” (or “indirect government censorship”) describes an array of official actions intended to influence media output short of legal or extra-legal bans, direct censorship of specific content, or physical attacks on media outlets or media practitioners [...] A crucial f
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Telling it Straight: How Trustworthy Government Information Promotes Better Media
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2014), 25 pp.
"Government communications is challenging in today’s world, which increasingly insists on transparency, accountability, and proactive disclosure, and when news is presented around the clock. At the same time, governments are being called on to communicate across agencies in a coordinated fashion o
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Africa's Media Boom: The Role of International Aid
Deep Insights
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2014), 35 pp.
"Since the early 1990s, media outlets in Sub-Saharan Africa have proliferated extraordinarily, freeing Africa's press and liberating the airwaves from monopoly by the state. This paper summarises these developments and analyses in how far foreign donors were catalysts of this development. Myers desc
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U.S. Government Funding for Media: Trends and Strategies
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 46 pp.
"U.S. government support for international media development is declining. Spending by the Department of State and USAID for media freedom and freedom of information programs has dropped 43.5 percent in the past five years–from $135 million in Fiscal Year 2008 to approximately $76.3 million in FY
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The Long Shadow of Chinese Censorship: How the Communist Party’s Media Restrictions Affect News Outlets Around the World
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 67 pp.
"This report focuses on six types of media outlets based outside mainland China that together reach news consumers in dozens of countries: major international media; local outlets in Asia, Africa, and Latin America; mainstream media in Hong Kong and Taiwan; exile Chinese outlets providing uncensored
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Profiles in Blogging: How Bloggers Around the World Practice Their Craft
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 30 pp.
"Examines the impact and reach not only of well-known bloggers such as Cuba’s Yoani Sánchez but also the independent Saudi journalist Ahmed Al Omran, who started writing the Saudi Jeans blog as a pharmacy student to improve his English skills and combat stereotypes about his country; Atiaf Alwazi
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Applying Standards: Media Owners and Journalism Ethics
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 41 pp.
"While several codes in these countries [where news media are considered less free] call for media owners to place responsibility for content above their commercial interests, the reality is that when promulgated by governments they can threaten rather than enhance freedom of the press. When volunta
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Global Investigative Journalism: Strategies for Support
Deep Insights
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), 2nd ed. (2013), 61 pp.
"Global and regional networks of investigative journalists, backed by donors and fueled by globalization and an explosion in data and communications technology, are growing increasingly effective and sophisticated. Journalists are linking up as never before to collaborate on stories involving intern
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South Africa’s Media 20 Years After Apartheid
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 54 pp.
"South Africa’s news media has become, in the post-1994 democratic era, among the most concentrated in the world, affecting the quality of its content and the sales of its newspapers. A significant decrease in international development support, and post-1994 changes to the nature of that support,
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CCTV’s International Expansion: China’s Grand Strategy for Media?
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 37 pp.
"China Central Television has come a long way since its founding as a domestic party propaganda outlet in 1958. The domestic service has been supplemented by an international service, boasting three major global offices in Beijing, Washington, and Nairobi, and more than 70 additional international b
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Breathing Life Into Freedom of Information Laws: The Challenges of Implementation in the Democratizing World
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 56 pp.
"This report is intended to be a practical, useful guide for stakeholders in national and local governments, the media, civil society, and business to making freedom of information laws work. The authors’ particular emphasis is on the role public officials and journalists must play in effectively
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Media Literacy 2.0: A Sampling of Programs Around the World
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 10 pp.
Is There a Link Between Digital Media and Good Governance? What the Academics Say
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 38 pp.
"From this short survey of some key thinkers, can we conclude that there is a causal link between digital media and good governance? The sum of the arguments and cases presented here do not point to a causal link, but they certainly show that digital technology is shaping social movements and politi
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The New Gatekeepers: Controlling Information in the Internet Age
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 54 pp.
"Internet companies have become the new gatekeepers of information–and their data-parsing algorithms the twenty-first century equivalent of the stereotypical editor with the green eyeshade who filtered the news before passing it along to readers .. As they have expanded globally, these pioneering
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A Clash of Cultures: Hate Speech, Taboos, Blasphemy, and the Role of News Media
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 40 pp.
"The ability of individuals to openly speak their minds is a core principle not only of American journalism, but American democracy. Even when speech is insulting or disrespectful to others-speech that might run afoul of hate speech laws throughout Western Europe or be banned outright in much of the
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The Medium Versus the Message: U.S. Government Funding for Media in an Age of Disruption
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 28 pp.
"The new priorities include: 1. Expanding the access in developing countries to digital platforms. 2. Devising and promoting uses for new platforms (especially mobile) for functions that occupy a new, poorly defined space between traditional journalism and other modes of information. 3. Contesting o
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Calling the Shots: How Ownership Structures Affect the Independence of News Media
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 35 pp.
"At an international level, the media development community should advocate for standards governing media cross-ownership limitations, best practices in media licensing, and the licensing of the broadcast spectrum. States should adopt net neutrality and support increased uncensored access to social
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Dangerous Work: Violence Against Mexico’s Journalists and Lessons from Colombia
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 32 pp.
"Turning the tide on the killing of journalists involves several steps, but primarily it is a matter of having the political will to acknowledge the issue as important and ending the impunity for those responsible for the violence. These steps include: following through on making attacks on the medi
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An Explosion of News: The State of Media in Afghanistan
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 56 pp.
"The exponential media growth in Afghanistan over the last decade is due to the enthusiasm of Afghan entrepreneurs and to support from the United States and other nations, states this report. According to the executive summary "support from the United States, the biggest donor, has waxed and waned.
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