"This study examines digital media criticism—publicly shared evaluations and judgements of journalistic text and actors on various digital platforms—as a risk to journalism. It specifically interrogates how journalists negotiate the diverse nature of criticism in digital spaces and in a comparat ... ive context. Through qualitative interviews with practising journalists, the paper identifies the following four main journalistic responses to digital media criticism: consolidation (ringfencing journalistic discourse); filtering (cleaning up journalistic discourse); rationalisation (acknowledging criticism or non-responses) and counter-discourse (counteracting anti-media discourses). These responses, referred to as forms of digital discursive resistance, show that journalists are both defensive against and accommodating of risks to journalistic authority, but usually aim to reinforce and expand journalistic discourse in digital spaces." (Abstract) more

"Journalists have always worked amidst risks to their safety; risks that have become all the more exacerbated in the digital age. Scholarship has documented journalists confronting cyberattacks, various forms of harassment, verbal abuse and hate speech, as well as legal threats from a variety of act ... ors, including audiences, sources, political powers, and organised criminals, among others. Such threats cause journalists psychological and physical harm and injury, including anxiety, burnout, and depression. In response, academia, industry, and think tanks have devised tools and policies to support journalists in doing their work safely. However, this chapter argues that approaching safety primarily in terms of external threats directed at journalists as a collective professional body, obscures the many ways in which journalism on an institutional, epistemic/paradigmatic level and organisational, newsroom culture level is an equally unsafe space for marginalized journalists. Drawing on concepts of ‘symbolic violence’ and ‘double burden,’ I consider the harmful impact that gendered, classed, and racialized forms of discrimination and socialization within the field have on marginalized journalists’ psychological and potentially physical wellbeing. As such, marginalized journalists work not only amidst safety threats emanating from outside of the field, but also from within it. To conclude, I suggest scholarly work rely on intersectional approaches to interrogate intra-field forms of unsafety at institutional, organisational, and individual levels, and envision solutions and approaches that disrupt dominant journalistic paradigms." (Abstract) more

"Scholars have recently suggested that a peaceocracy is emerging in nations experiencing intermittent conflicts. A peaceocracy is an institutionalised political strategy – rather than a political system – that aims to promote stability in states considered fragile. While scholars know how the pr ... ess functions in a democracy, little is still known about how a peaceocracy shapes journalism. This article explores the Kenyan context to illuminate how the press co-opts a peaceocratic discourse and discusses its implications to the profession. We pose that a political consensus between the state and the press foments a strong peace-building discourse that challenges professional autonomy. Secondly, in a peaceocracy, the state takes the role of the guardian of peace and the press, a promoter of peace, both of which legitimise a degree of restriction on press freedom." (Abstract) more