"A central aim of Contesting hate is to provide insight into the online circulation of racism and disinformation, with a specific focus upon Islamophobia. However, perhaps more significantly, this book also charts successes, limitations and ambivalences associated with digital attempts to contest hate. Our analysis is grounded in a unique five-year dataset, which centres on social media data, interviews with digital activists and mainstream media analysis, derived from the project '#ContestingIslamophobia: Representation and Appropriation in Mediated Activism'. Although we offer a series of distinctive insights into the circulation and contestation of hate – from tracing macro-level networks of key actors to examining fraught debates responding to individual social media posts – the book offers few easy answers or solutions. At the same time, by tracing patterns across our data we reveal important, if complex, lessons both for future attempts to contest hate and for future interdisciplinary research that traverses the sociological and data sciences. In doing so, we intervene in broader debates about the evolving relationships between social media platforms, social justice and social divisions." (Introduction, page 1)