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Stifling the Public Sphere: Media and Civil Society in Egypt
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED); International Forum for Democratic Studies (2015), 16 pp.
"Egypt’s plummeting press freedom is in part a result of the many ways in which the state can put pressure on independent media under Egyptian law. While the January 2014 constitution contains clear protections for the media (including, under Article 71, bans on censorship and surveillance), many
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Stifling the Public Sphere: Media and Civil Society in Egypt, Russia and Vietnam
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED); International Forum for Democratic Studies (2015), 57 pp.
"The three case studies depict a range of repressive efforts that are calibrated to achieve particular ends. Sometimes, the authorities choose to co-opt independent voices. In other instances, the regime may create new government-backed versions of media initiatives or civic organizations which mimi
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