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Mapping Digital Media: Indonesia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2014), 92 pp.
"The emergence of digital media in Indonesia coincided with the country’s transition to democracy beginning in 1998. In some ways, digitization has catalyzed the development of diverse and independent media. Market reforms in favor of liberalization have gone hand in hand with convergence and prol
...
Mapping Digital Media: Uruguay
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 91 pp.
Mapping Digital Media: Egypt
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 78 pp.
Mapping Digital Media: Bulgaria
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 92 pp.
"After a significant delay, the transition to digital terrestrial broadcasting in Bulgaria is scheduled to be finished in 2013. While cable television appears to have peaked since 2007, satellite television continues to increase its penetration, more often through bundled services. On the other hand
...
Mapping Digital Media: Estonia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 84 pp.
"Estonians have demonstrated a keen appetite for digital media uptake. More than three-quarters of the population accesses the internet regularly, and more than half of those are active on social networking platforms. Recent surveys suggest that nearly a quarter of internet users now connect via sma
...
Mapping Digital Media: Brazil
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 134 pp.
"Digitization has had profound effects in Brazil. In journalism, information flows faster than ever, and from a greater number of sources; journalists have to adapt to an environment that demands immediate coverage of events, sometimes privileging speed over content. The internet has become the seco
...
Mapping Digital Media: Slovakia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 89 pp.
Mapping Digital Media: Pakistan
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 113 pp.
"Pakistan has long suffered from high inflation, led by soaring food prices, which has increased poverty levels. According to the United Nations’ 2011 Human Development Report, half the population suffers deprivations of all types. Only half is literate. Even then there are only 12 million televis
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Mapping Digital Media: Kazakhstan
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 114 pp.
"The story of Kazakhstani media is of two contrasting dynamics: the increasingly controlled and innovation-shy offline space, and the vibrant, less-restricted digital environment. The rise of digital media has yielded benefits for citizens and democracy, albeit these are limited by the dominance of
...
Mapping Digital Media: Kenya
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 94 pp.
"In online journalism, the virtues associated with ethics—accuracy, honesty, truth, impartiality, fairness, balance, respect for autonomy of ordinary people—are barely respected, largely because there is no effective way of policing this, and there are no legal penalties. Concentration of owners
...
Mapping Digital Media: Malaysia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 120 pp.
"Two out of three Malaysians regularly use the internet (even though large areas of the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, where nearly a fifth of the population lives, pose logistical challenges regarding infrastructure) and a third of the population have a 3G mobile subscription. Broadban
...
Mapping Digital Media: South Africa
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 120 pp.
"Developments in digital media in South Africa are densely intertwined with political factors. The Government has sought to be the driver of digitization, but it has also caused repeated delays in digital roll-out. In addition, the Government has had contradictory interests such as promoting competi
...
Mapping Digital Media: Russia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 96 pp.
"The growing prominence of online media as a source of news marks the biggest shift in news consumption. Nearly half of all internet users—or more than 20 million people—regularly read news online. The internet is virtually the only platform where criticism of the government is tolerated. There
...
Mapping Digital Media: Digital Media, Conflict and Diasporas in the Horn of Africa
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 23 pp.
"The Horn of Africa is one of the least connected regions in the world. Nevertheless, digital media play an important social and political role in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia (including South-Central Somalia and the northern self-declared independent Republic of Somaliland). This paper shows how
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Mapping Digital Media: Croatia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 100 pp.
"Croatia is well ahead of the curve. Experimental broadcasting via digital signals began in 2002 and the last analog television signals were switched off in September 2011. The country has the highest free-to-air digital terrestrial coverage in Europe, exceeding 99 percent of national territory, and
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Mapping Digital Media: Poland
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 110 pp.
"This study of the impact of digitization on Polish media highlights the delays in digitization caused by political infighting; the lack of technical and financial assistance to ensure that the most vulnerable members of society benefit from digitization and new media; and the funding crisis afflict
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Mapping Digital Media: Georgia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 101 pp.
"This report finds that the momentous change in ownership transparency regulation and the dynamic and free online environment are the most notable success stories since 2005. Yet these achievements are overshadowed by the lack of independence of the broadcasting regulator and the public broadcaster,
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Mapping Digital Media: Peru
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 94 pp.
"As with other countries in the region, Peru shows high levels of media concentration. Digitization has not yet aff ected the dominant positions in the Peruvian mass media market. On the contrary, the largest media groups’ hegemonic position has grown stronger. For example, the influence of Grupo
...
Mapping Digital Media: India
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 155 pp.
"The United Nations pointed out in 2010 that more Indians have access to a mobile phone than to a toilet. There are over 800 million mobile connections, although the number of unique users (excluding inactive connections) is estimated at around 600 million. Together with the fact that 60 percent of
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