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Digital News Report 2015

Nic Newman, David A. L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2015), 109 pp.

"We see the smartphone more clearly as the defining device for digital news with a disruptive impact on consumption, formats, and business models. Our data suggest it provides an environment dominated by a few successful brands, with others struggling to reach a wider audience, both via apps and bro ... more

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Publishing for Peanuts: Innovation and the Journalism Start-Up

J. J. Robinson, Kristen Grennan, Anya Schiffrin

Columbia University, School of International and Political Affairs;Open Society Foundation (2015), 200 pp.

"Our remit was to look for innovative media outlets that are producing high-quality news, that are technologically innovative and that might actually survive financially. Accordingly, we spent three months interviewing media innovators around the world and reading what others have written on the sub ... ject. This report is divided into seven sections: 1) this introduction, 2) our main findings, 3) two sets of recommendations, one for the media development community and another set for people starting a media outlet, 4) an “Innovation Index” listing practices that we found around the world, 5) a description of our methodology, 6) a review of practitioner reports we read, 7) write-ups describing 35 media outlets, based on interviews we conducted [...] We were inspired and encouraged by what we saw. All over the world, independent media outlets are innovating and overcoming obstacles. Globally, start-ups are demonstrating the drive to take risks for the sake of a good idea. The challenges facing these outlets—and the innovations employed to tackle them—broadly fall into four categories: editorial, business, distribution and security. Operating with agility, media start-ups are finding creative ways to gather and disseminate information. In India, Gram Vaani uses a mobile phone social network to connect the rural poor and circumvent legislative prohibitions on radio broadcasting. In Zimbabwe, The Source survives in the repressive media climate by focusing on business journalism. Oxpeckers in South Africa uses geomapping to report on rhino poaching. Crikey in Australia has built a successful business model based on soliciting tips and scandal from the same audience it reports on and Kenya’s African SkyCAM deploys drones to avoid negotiating with police for access to disaster zones [...] Instead of finding a clear model for what works, we found confirmation of many things we knew or suspected. Independent media outlets vary in size, ambition and model. Few have fully succeeded, while many do one thing well, which typically reflects the founder’s particular strength—usually in journalism or technology [...] Most media outlets we found are small, run by a few full-time staff supplemented by volunteers and freelancers, and supported by a combination of grants, donations and haphazard business endeavors. The leaders at most organizations we interviewed were motivated by a desire to produce high-quality journalism rather than meet particular financial or audience goals." (Executive summary, page 5-7) more

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Media and Politics in New Democracies: Europe in a Comparative Perspective

Jan Zielonka (ed.)

Oxford et al.: Oxford University Press (2015), xiv, 322 pp.

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Digital, Social & Mobile in APAC in 2015: We Are Social and IAB Singapore's Compendium of Asia-Pacific Digital Statistics

Simon Kemp

Singapore: We Are Social;IAB Singapore (2015), 319 slides

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Die Presse in der Julikrise 1914: Die internationale Berichterstattung und der Weg in den Ersten Weltkrieg

Georg Eckert, Peter Geiss, Arne Karsten (eds.)

Münster: Aschendorff (2014), 271 pp.

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Political Criticism from the Soviet Kitchen to the Russian Internet: A Comparative Analysis of Russian Media Coverage of the December 2011 Election Protests

Anna Popkova

Journal of Communication Inquiry, volume 38, issue 2 (2014), pp. 95-112

"The election protests in Moscow in December 2011 signified an important moment for Russian society. Political dissent, historically reserved for the private domain of Soviet kitchens and in recent years to the regulation-free space of the Russian Internet (RuNet), entered the public space of Moscow ... more

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Social Media, Culture and Politics in Asia

Lars Willnat, Annette Aw (eds.)

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2014), xi, 350 pp.

"Leading media scholars from nine Asian nations focus on three main questions: How frequently do Asians use social media to access and discuss political information? Does the use of social media increase political participation? What political, social and cultural factors influence the impact of soc ... more

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BBC Media Action’s Governance Research: Emerging Evidence and Learning

Josephine Casserly, Sara Elias, Zoe Fortune

London: BBC Media Action (2014), 57 pp.

"The paper synthesises findings from quantitative and qualitative data from across African, Asian and Middle Eastern countries. The second section draws on baseline data from Bangladesh, Burma, Kenya, Nepal, Nigeria, Palestinian Territories and Sierra Leone to explore the media and governance contex ... more

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‘Better One Tiger Than Ten Thousand Rabid Rats’: Russian Media Coverage of the Syrian Conflict

James D. Brown

International Politics, volume 51 (2014), pp. 45-66

"This article presents the findings of a detailed analysis of Russian media coverage of the conflict. Focusing on three prominent Russian newspapers and comparing them with three Western counterparts, particular emphasis is placed on their reporting of regime violence, the nature and actions of the ... more

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The Ethics of Journalism: Individual, Institutional and Cultural Influences

Wendy N. Wyatt (ed.)

London; New York; Oxford: Tauris;University of Oxford, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2014), xxiv, 279 pp.

"The rise of digital and social media necessitates a new way of considering the ethical questions facing practicing journalists. This volume considers the various individual, cultural and institutional influences that have an impact on journalistic ethics today. It also examines the links between et ... more

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Social Media in Syria's Uprising and Post-Revolution Libya: An Analysis of Activists' and Blogger's Online Engagement

Masudul Biswas, Carrie Sipes

Arab Media & Society, issue 19 (2014), 21 pp.

"Masudul Biswas and Carrie Sipes perform a comparative content analysis of Twitter and Facebook posts from a sample of Syrian and Libyan activist groups. By considering online content in the context of post-revolution Libya and the continuing upheaval in Syria, the authors shed new light on online a ... more

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Global Digital Statistics 2014: We Are Social's Snapshot of Key Digital Indicators

Singapore: We Are Social (2014), 181 slides

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Media Sustainability Index 2014: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2014), xx, 307 pp.

"The 2014 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia is marked by an overall constancy of scores, for better or worse. Taken as a whole, the average of 21 overall scores shows an increase of 0.01 compared with last year. Out of the 21 countries studied, 13 showed a change in score of less than 0.10. Of the rema ... more

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Comparing the United Kingdom's Guardian Newspaper with its Co-Owned South African Mail & Guardian Online: Towards Productive Global North–South Collaborations in the Digital World Information Order

Bella Mody

African Journalism Studies, volume 35, issue 1 (2014), pp. 74-91

"This article highlights how one online news organisation in the global south, with no more than three staff and no foreign correspondents, strategically used multiple wire service feeds to successfully cover a significant story more comprehensively than its better-endowed co-owner. It compares the ... more

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International Assistance and Media Democratization in the Western Balkans: A Cross-National Comparison

Kristina Irion, Tarik Jusic

Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 4, issue 2 (2014), 29 pp.

"This article explores the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance (IMA) as constrained by the local political conditions in the five countries of the Western Balkans. It aims to enhance the understanding of conditions and factors that influence me ... more

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What Drives Media Attention for Climate Change? Explaining Issue Attention in Australian, German and Indian Print Media from 1996 to 2010

Mike S. Schäfer, Ana Ivanova, Andreas Schmidt

International Communication Gazette, volume 76, issue 2 (2014), pp. 152-176

"The article identifies the drivers of media attention for climate change in three countries: Australia, Germany and India. It calculates the monthly amount of climate change-related coverage in two leading newspapers for each country in relation to all articles published in the respective newspaper ... more

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The Transparency of Media Ownership in the European Union and Neighbouring States

Rachael Craufurd Smith, Yolande Stolte

Access Info Europe;Open Society Program on Independent Journalism (2014), 28 pp.

"Despite the importance of media ownership transparency for both the individual and the state, only two of the surveyed countries—Italy and Romania—address media transparency directly in their constitutions but in both cases the focus is on transparency of fi nancial sources not ownership. In th ... more

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Digital in the Americas 2014

We Are Social (2014), 229 pp.

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The Influence of Transitional Justice Processes on the Freedom of the Media Within Post-Conflict Societies: Comparing the Maximalist, Minimalist, Moderate, and Holistic Approach in Their Effectiveness on Improving the Freedom of the Media in Post-Conflict Societies

Lisa Glasbergen

Nijmegen: Radboud University, Master Thesis (2014), vii, 58 pp.

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Public Funding of Private Media

Corinne Schweizer, Manuel Puppis, Matthias Künzler, Samuel Studer

London: LSE Media Policy Project (2014), 17 pp.

"As advertising revenues shift to non-journalistic platforms, news organizations face financial difficulties. To safeguard pluralism and editorial competition, alternative funding sources should be considered. Policymakers can support private media organizations with mechanisms such as tax relief or ... more