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Criminal Prosecutions of Online Speech: Outdated and Flawed Laws Used to Restrict Speech in Tunisia

London: Amnesty International (2020), 15 pp.

"An increasing number of prosecutions of bloggers and Facebook users have taken place in relation to their peaceful expression online. They have been investigated or charged or sometimes sentenced on criminal charges including defamation, insulting state institutions and “harming” others through ... more

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Media Freedom in Ashes: Repression of Freedom of Expression in Mozambique

London: Amnesty International (2020), 11 pp.

"Canal de Moçambique is a Mozambican independent weekly newspaper that publishes investigative stories of public concern. Since its inception, Canal has relentlessly pursued and investigated cases of graft and injustice in public service and in political life such that, in the corridors of power, i ... more

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Assessing the Limitations to Freedom of Expression on the Internet in Ethiopia Against the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Yohannes Eneyew Ayalew

African Human Rights Law Journal, volume 20, issue 1 (2020), pp. 315-345

"The Ethiopian government restricts freedom of expression on the internet and has adopted extraneous limiting measures. Most of these measures are incompatable with the African Charter. Restrictions to freedom of expression on the internet include internet shutdowns, hate speech and disinformation r ... more

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Unshackling Expression: A Study on Online Freedom of Expression in Indonesia

Alghiffari Aqsa

Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Cyrilla (2020), 27 pp.

"The situation of freedom of expression online in Indonesia affirms that Indonesia is shifting further from human rights and democracy. This is not much different from the situation in other countries in Southeast Asia which seem to be competing to be the worst in human rights and democracy. The shr ... more

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Unshackling Expression: Philippines Report

Foundation for Media Alternatives; Cyrilla; Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2020), 44 pp.

"It may be observed that, first, at the level of public perception, government actions to restrict free speech are often preceded by statements criticizing the media and foreshadowing a penalty or sanction, which are actually directed to the public and not the media, as if to prime the latter on the ... more

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Murders, Harassment and Assault: The Tough Wages of Journalism in Pakistan. Pakistan Press Freedom Report 2019-20

Freedom Network (2020), 15 pp.

"At least 91 cases of attacks and violations against media and its practitioners, including journalists, took place in Pakistan over the course of one year — between May 2019 and April 2020 — signifying a worryingly escalating climate of intimidation and harassment that is adversely affecting th ... more

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"To Speak Out is Dangerous": The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Thailand

Human Rights Watch (2019), 136 pp.

"Focusing on the period between the 2014 coup and flawed elections in March 2019, “To Speak Out is Dangerous” draws on interviews with individuals prosecuted for exercising their rights to speech or assembly, lawyers, journalists, students, and activists, and examination of police charge sheets, ... more

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Informe 2018: Situación del derecho a la libertad de expresión e información en Venezuela

Carlos Correa (ed.)

Caracas: Espacio Público (2019)

"Entre enero y diciembre de 2018, se registraron 387 casos/situaciones en los que se vulneró el derecho a la libertad de expresión, lo que representa un total de 608 denuncias de violaciones al derecho. Esto representa una reducción del 45% de los casos y de 41% en las violaciones respecto al 201 ... more

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An Investigation into State Suppression of Freedom of Expression in Lesotho

Ntsoareleng Koroloso, Tawanda Mukurunge, Takura Bhila

IJCIRAS, volume 2, issue 2 (2019), pp. 75-82

"The constitution of Lesotho gives assurance to freedom of expression which is supposed to protect the rights of journalists in the day to day dispensation of their duties. The situation on the ground however shows the exact opposite. Recent history can show assassination attempts on practicing jour ... more

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Western Sahara: A Desert for Journalists

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2019), 34 pp.

"On 26 February 1976, after almost a century of colonization, Spain withdrew from Western Sahara, throwing the territory wide open for Moroccan civil and military occupation and abandoning tens of thousands Sahrawis to their fate. More than four decades later, the Western Sahara, officially the last ... more

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Dashed Hopes: The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Myanmar

Linda Lakhdhir

Human Rights Watch (2019), 87 pp.

"This report—based largely on interviews in Myanmar and analysis of legal and policy changes since 2016—assesses the NLD government’s record on freedom of expression and assembly in its more than two years in power. It updates Human Rights Watch’s prior report, “They Can Arrest You at Any ... more

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Truth Vs Misinformation: The Collective Push Back. South Asia Press Freedom Report 2018-19

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2019), 83 pp.

"In 2018, South Asia was declared by the IFJ as the most deadly region in the world for media workers, which most brutally demonstrates the reality faced by far too many in the industry. Nowhere was this more acutely felt than Afghanistan with eight journalists and four other media workers killed, a ... more

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The Price We Pay: Targeted for Dissent by the Tanzanian State

London: Amnesty International (2019), 36 pp.

"Since President John Magufuli took office in November 2015, the state has applied a raft of repressive laws restricting the rights of opposition politicians, human rights defenders, activists, researchers, journalists, bloggers and other online users. Cumulatively, the application of these laws has ... more

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Violations of Media Freedoms in Palestine: Annual Report 2019

Ramallah: Palestinian Center for Development and Media Freedoms (MADA) (2019), 190 pp.

"The year 2019 did not witness anything concrete and positive at the level of respecting media freedoms in Palestine and putting an end to violations against journalists/media outlets, as the Israeli occupation forces and authorities continued, at great frequency, to commit various types of violatio ... more

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Fighting Words: Journalism Under Assault in Central and Eastern Europe

Meera Selva

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 30 pp.

"To understand the situation and examine what can be done to address it, we sent out a questionnaire to journalists in 16 countries in the region, asking them about the state of press freedom and the areas in which they felt their ability to work was being curtailed. We also asked them about sources ... more

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"As Long as I Am Quiet, I Am Safe": Threats to Independent Media and Civil Society in Tanzania

Human Rights Watch (2019), 63 pp.

"This publication documents how authorities have stepped up censorship of the media and arbitrarily arrested and, in some cases, prosecuted journalists and activists perceived to be government critics. They have also exerted tighter control over NGOs and political opposition parties. The repression ... more

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Estudios sobre el cumplimiento e impacto de las recomendaciones generales, informes especiales y pronunciamientos de la CNDH 2001-2017. Tomo IV: Persecucción a periodistas

México, DF: Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos (2018), 332 pp.

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Brought to You by Foreigners, Warlords, and Local Activists: TV and the Afghan Culture Wars

Wazhmah Osman

In: Modern Afghanistan: The Impact of 40 Years of War

M. Nazif Shahrani (ed.)

Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press (2018), pp. 149-176

"Without a doubt, the combined power of the public arena and broadcast media is a very efective social tool for collective action in Afghanistan. Yet there are serious limits to both the media’s self-advocacy and the public’s strong and unwavering support. Te media-related crimes and murders men ... tioned in this chapter are a few of the many. Yet no arrests are made and no one is prosecuted in most of these cases. Zoorawarah can continue to censor media makers with impunity and without fears of retribution. Broadcasting the incidents of violence and censorship against media personnel and the media writ large, as well as the subsequent protests and production of investigative and expository programs is indeed generative in creating dialogue and raising awareness about media rights and the important role of a free media in a society, but it is clearly not enough. Tus far, we have seen examples of two types of potential cultural imperialism. By aggressively promoting and offering their own media products, programs, and formats, at little or no cost, the argument can be made that foreign countries are impeding the development of Afghanistan’s own media industry, artistry, and media crafts. Additionally, we have seen examples of censorship, both from endogenous and exogenous forces, ranging from pressuring the government to ban programming or directly pressuring producers to do so. In extreme cases, we have seen an egregious third form of censorship becoming prevalent in Afghanistan. High-level media personnel and wealthy media owners who are ofen prominent public fgures, such as politicians, warlords, drug lords, religious leaders, and businessmen, hire body guards and live behind gated fortress mansions, while low-level television personalities and reporters are subjected to threats, physical attacks, and death for providing people with programming they want to watch and which gives them a platform to raise their voices. Hence, it is the mid- and low-level media professionals, not the owners of the television stations they work for nor the foreign governments that are the patrons of the stations, who bear the ultimate burden of media freedom and reform in Afghanistan. Caught between warring ideologies that range from Islamist to commercial to “developmentalist,” as brave as these Afghan media personalities and journalists are, and despite their high media a profile, their low socioeconomic status leaves them vulnerable to abuse and possible death." (Conclusion, page 168-169) more

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"You Can’t See Them, But They’re Always There": Censorship and Freedom of the Media in Uzbekistan

Steve Swerdlow et al.

Human Rights Watch (2018), 32 pp.

"For more than two decades, Uzbekistan has been a country with severe restrictions on free speech and media and some of the longest-imprisoned journalists in the world. There are now tentative signs of change in Central Asia’s most populous country. Opportunities for more open debate and independe ... more

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Informe alternativo para la evaluación del Estado de Guatemala: La situación de la libertad de prensa y de la violencia contra los periodistas. Comité de Derechos Humanos, Sesión 122

Ciudad de Guatemala: Centro de Reportes Informativos sobre Guatemala (CERIGUA); Red Internacional de Derechos Humanos (RID) (2018), 21 pp.