"AI presents both significant opportunities and serious risks. For developing countries, AI offers immense potential for advancing learning, research, and development. At the same time, it poses complex challenges that demand collective action. Diplomats and policymakers recognize that global cooper ... ation and multilateralism are essential. No single nation can manage these challenges alone. International and policy initiatives, including the Global Digital Compact and the AI Safety Summit series, have established broad frameworks for addressing these issues, providing global ideas that now require practical implementation. This report emerges from that momentum. Through Track II Diplomacy for AI Global Safety dialogue, Globethics has built a community of practice bringing together cross-disciplinary experts from across geopolitical contexts to explore AI-related risks and identify existing harms; particularly those affecting the Global Majority. Two principal categories of risks have been identified: 1. Risks triggered by advanced AI systems versus those resulting from the intended or unintended use of AI by human actors. 2. Future risks versus those already manifesting today. The words of UN Secretary-General António Guterres resonated across the sessions: “the question is not whether AI will influence international peace and security, but how we will shape that influence.” While discussions often swing between hype and horror, this report intends to shape pathways towards hope and trust. Trust, essential for AI adoption, is vital for both the private sector and civil society. Likewise, it emphasizes the importance of human rights, without which there can be no sustainable development or peace. At the core of these global AI Safety discussions was the need to advance concrete mitigation strategies, including: capacity building; addressing existing harms; developing operational frameworks; ensuring intersectional, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, multistakeholder participation. A coordinated approach to global safety, diplomacy, and multilateral governance is imperative. Experts agreed that tangible measures, rather than fragmented initiatives and principles, are needed. By coming together across regions, disciplines, and cultures, experts reaffirmed their commitment to stewarding technology for the common good. The dialogues converged into three critical priorities to transform today’s innovation into meaningful societal progress: Strengthening inclusive, representative participation using empowerment and literacy measures for people and communities to shape AI futures; building systems of trust, verification and ethical responsibility across the AI lifecycle marked by due diligence, effective reporting and timely safeguards by design; translating values into action, ensuring coordination and accountability from design to deployment." (Executive summary, page 3) more

"This policy brief investigates the role of civil society on AI Governance with particular attention to the Global Majority. The research question explores whether civil society serves as an effective counterbalance to concentrated power in the AI ecosystem to ensure AI systems reflect diverse publi ... c interests and values. Additionally, the brief seeks to identify which barriers hinder the participation of underrepresented civil society actors in setting the agenda for and participating in AI governance fora. On top of that, the brief outlines the opportunities for civil society’s entry points in AI Governance and key mechanisms to enable more inclusive and impactful engagement. The analysis draws on desk research and a comparative review of recent multistakeholder initiatives in global AI governance. Additionally, leveraging Globethics’ regional centers across the Global Majority, this research incorporates direct input from civil society networks through a survey and semi-structured online focus groups and interviews with civil society representatives from Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and South and Southeast Asia. These dialogues surface context-specific challenges and opportunities, offering grounded and regionally informed inputs. Together, these insights inform a set of recommendations aimed at civil society actors, policymakers, and international organizations to strengthen the meaningful participation of civil society in AI governance." (Abstract, page 6) more