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Media Outlets, Media Associations
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Freedom of Expression Principles
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State Influence on the Media
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Conflicts and Media
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Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
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Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
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Foreign Correspondents
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Media Development Indicators
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Radio Landscapes
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Public Spheres
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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History of Media: 19th Century
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International Communication
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
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Media & Information Literacy
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Religion and Communication
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Non-Western Communication Approaches
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Community Media
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Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
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Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Popular Cultures
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Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
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Media System Analyses & Typologies
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Public Media, State Media
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Media Effects
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Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
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Research in Media & Communication
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Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
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Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
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Convergence of Media
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Internet Shutdowns
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Digital Economies, Digital Societies
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Information Society
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Racism in Communication & Media
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Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
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Media Industries
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Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
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Press Councils
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Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
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Gender & Religious Communication
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History of Journalism
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History of Media: Colonial Period
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Globalisation of Media
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World Information and Communication Order
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Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
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European Union (EU)
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UNESCO
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
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Business & Economics Journalism
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Political Reporting
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
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Press Law & Regulation
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Regulatory Bodies
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Populism
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Magazines
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Muslim Media
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Society
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Society & Media, Media Sociology
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Informatics
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Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
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SMS
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Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
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Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
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Government Advertising, State Advertising
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Area & Regional Studies
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Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
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Catholic Media Organizations
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Child Protection, Protection of Minors
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Copyright Law
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
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Government Communication Strategies
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
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Alternative Press
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Traditional Communication
2
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
2
Terrorism
2
Civil Wars
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
2
Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Multimedia Products & Production
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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Digitalization, Digital Transformation
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
2
Media Commercialisation
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Media Markets
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Training
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Soap Operas & Telenovelas
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Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
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Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Women (General)
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Women's Magazines, Women's Press
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COVID-19 Communication
2
Colonial Legacies
2
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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Foreign Policies
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Council of Europe
2
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Legal Status of Journalists
2
News
2
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
2
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
2
Information Policies
2
Civil Rights
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Licensing of Media
2
National Security Legislation
2
Nationalisation of Media
2
Religious Freedom
2
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Refugees / Displaced People
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Government Policies
2
Internal Politics
2
Military
2
Political Transition
2
Public Interest
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
2
Manipulation
2
Religion and Politics
2
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
2
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
2
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Social Change
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Al-Jazeera
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Publishing
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Communication Ethics, Catholic Media Ethics
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Press
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Orthodox Churches
1
WACC
1
Film Industries
1
Films
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Intellectual Property
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
History of Press Freedom & Censorship
1
Right to be Forgotten
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Genocides
1
International Conflicts
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
National Character
1
National Integration
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Information For All Programme (IFAP/UNESCO)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
North South Relations
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Search Engines
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Telegram
1
YouTube
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
AI Reporting
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Information Highway
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Economics of Media
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Distribution of Media
1
Game Industries, Game Production
1
Printing Industries
1
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
1
Television Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Adult Education
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Radios
1
Radio Schools
1
Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Morals
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Health Journalism
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History (General)
1
History of Radio
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
International Media Associations / Organizations
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
International Relations
1
Dependence
1
Diplomacy
1
International Organizations
1
African Union (AU)
1
OECD
1
Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Features
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Television News
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Risk Communication
1
Television Journalism
1
Language
1
French Language
1
Language and Media
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
1
Communication
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Processes
1
Communication Systems
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Presentation of Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Diasporas
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Photography
1
Elections
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Islamization
1
Political Change
1
Political Doctrines
1
Capitalism
1
Socialism
1
Political Movements
1
Political Preferences
1
Political Systems
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Parliaments
1
Centralization
1
Agenda Setting
1
Framing
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
Local Newspapers
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Commercial Radios
1
Radio Progreso (El Progreso, Honduras)
1
University Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Media Reception
1
Ideologies
1
Socialization
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Jewish Media
1
Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Empirical Studies
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Political Indicators
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Apartheid
1
Rohingya
1
Popular Movements
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Aspects
1
Revolutions
1
Social Control
1
Digital Television
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Cable Television
1
Commercial Television
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Cultures
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Revisiting the Media Freedom Debate at Uganda's Independence Golden Jubileee
Kampala: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS);Uganda Media Development Foundation (2012), 96 pp.
"The history of Uganda from the days of Colonial Rule, when modern mass media was introduced was revisited. The thesis of this study was that the substance of the political governance model inherited from Uganda’s colonial past continues in the postindependence period to define the relationship be
...
African Media Barometer: Ghana 2011
Accra; Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2012), 58 pp.
Für die Freiheit und Zukunft der Medien: Zwischenbilanz und Perspektive des Leipziger Medienpreises
Halle (Saale): Mitteldeutscher Verlag (2012), 223 pp.
"Seit 2001 wird der »Preis für die Freiheit und Zukunft der Medien « an Journalisten, Verleger, Publizisten und Institutionen vergeben, die sich mit Risikobereitschaft, Engagement und demokratischer Überzeugung für die Pressefreiheit einsetzen. Diese Zwischenbilanz stellt die bisherigen Preistr
...
Freedom of the Press 2012: Breakthroughs and Pushback in the Middle East. Selected Data from Freedom House's Annual Press Freedom Index
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2012), 40 pp.
"The improvements in the Arab world were the most significant findings of Freedom of the Press 2012: A Global Survey of Media Independence, the latest edition of an annual index published by Freedom House since 1980. The gains came on the heels of eight consecutive years of decline in the global ave
...
Hungarian Media Laws in Europe: An Assessment of the Consistency of Hungary’s Media Laws with European Practices and Norms
Budapest: Center for Media and Communication Studies (CMCS), Central European University (2012), xviii, 186 pp.
"Hungarian lawmakers have established a set of comprehensive new media laws that critics say are inconsistent with democratic free-press principles and European practices and norms. Hungarian officials say the legislation conforms to EU standards and its elements are drawn from existing regulations
...
Media Sustainability Index 2012: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2012), xxi, 359 pp.
"TThe 2012 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia revealed a mix of positive developments, regression, and stagnation (or resilience, depending on one’s point of view). Nearly half of the 21 countries included in this study showed little change either way, their overall score moving by 0.10 or less. Six c
...
South Sudan: World's Youngest Nation Yet to Embark on Road to Civil Liberties
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2012), 12 pp.
Media Development in Transitional Democratic Cambodia
Malmö: Malmö University, Master Thesis in Communication for Development (2012), 65 pp.
"Through a series of qualitative interviews with a range of media stakeholders, the ultimate conclusion of this thesis is that the media landscape in Cambodia is diverse –with some (mostly foreign-owned and run) able to operate freely and independently, while others (most local Khmer media, partic
...
Measuring Press Freedom and Media Sector Performance: How Social Media Have Affected the Media Sustainability Index
ESSACHESS: Journal for Communication Studies, volume 5, issue 1 (2012), pp. 29-43
"The present text explains how the Media Sustanability Index has refined its instrument and procedures to better capture the impact of social media." (Abstract)
So This is Democracy? State of Media Freedom in Southern Africa 2011
Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2012), 214 pp.
African Media Barometer: Uganda 2012
Windhoek; Kampala: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2012), 75 pp.
Adapting Concepts of Media Freedom to a Changing Media Environment: Incorporating New Media and Citizen Journalism Into the Freedom of the Press Index
ESSACHESS: Journal for Communication Studies, volume 5, issue 1 (2012), pp. 13-22
"The present article discusses how the new categoryof “citizen journalist” fits into the overall media environment and how the Freedom House Freedom of the Press methodology has been changed to incorporate this category." (Abstract)
The Media Landscape in 28 Countries: Results from a UIS Pilot Survey
Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012), 84 pp.
"This paper presents the results of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) pilot survey on media statistics conducted in 28 countries in 2011. The survey instruments were designed to provide an initial set of quantitative indicators identified by UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators project. G
...
Communication and Human Rights
Mexico, DF: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades;International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) (2012), 175 pp.
Mauritanie: Une presse plus libre se prépare aux élections
Institute for War & Peace Reporting (IWPR) (2012), 18 pp.
Editorial Freedom and Responsibility
African Communication Research (St. Augustine University Mwanza), volume 5, issue 1 (2012), pp. 1-137
Media Freedom and Independence in 14 European Countries: A Comparative Perspective
European Commission;Mediadem (2012), 188 pp.
Serbian Media Scene Vs. European Standards: Report Based on Council of Europe's Indicators for Media in a Democracy
Belgrade: Association of Independent Electronic Media (ANEM);Independent Journalists' Association of Serbia (NUNS);Association of Local Independent Media - Local Press;Independent Journalists' Association of Vojvodina (NDNV);Civil Rights Defenders (2012), 88 pp.
"The report analyzes 27 aspects of the media system of Serbia, basing on principles established by the Council of Europe as desirable standards in media legislation and practice. Each of 27 parts of the study describes the legal regulation of the subject matter and then provides available facts abou
...
L’état de la liberté de la presse en Afrique centrale francophone. RD Congo: Sous pretexte de la guerre
Kinshasa: Journaliste en Danger (JED) (2012), 100 pp.
Fuera de juicio: Manual para periodistas denunciados por injuria y calumnia
Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2012), 47 pp.
