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Media Outlets, Media Associations
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War Reporting
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Freedom of Expression Principles
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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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State Influence on the Media
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Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
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Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
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Foreign Correspondents
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Media Development Indicators
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Radio Landscapes
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Public Spheres
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Taliban
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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History of Media: 19th Century
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International Communication
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
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Media & Information Literacy
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Religion and Communication
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Non-Western Communication Approaches
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Community Media
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Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
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Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Popular Cultures
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Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
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Media System Analyses & Typologies
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Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
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Television Law & Regulation
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Public Media, State Media
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Media Effects
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Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
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Research in Media & Communication
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Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
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Catholic Church and Communication
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Christian Communication
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
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Convergence of Media
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Internet Shutdowns
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Digital Economies, Digital Societies
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Information Society
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Racism in Communication & Media
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Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
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Media Industries
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Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
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Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
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History of Media: Colonial Period
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Globalisation of Media
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World Information and Communication Order
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Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
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Press Law & Regulation
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Regulatory Bodies
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Magazines
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Muslim Media
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Society & Media, Media Sociology
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Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
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SMS
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Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
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Government Advertising, State Advertising
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Area & Regional Studies
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Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
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Catholic Media Organizations
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Child Protection, Protection of Minors
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Copyright Law
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
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Government Communication Strategies
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
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Alternative Press
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
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Traditional Communication
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Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
2
Terrorism
2
Civil Wars
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
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Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
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Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Multimedia Products & Production
2
Blogging, Blogs
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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Digitalization, Digital Transformation
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
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Media Commercialisation
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Media Markets
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Training
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Soap Operas & Telenovelas
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Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
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Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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Women (General)
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Women's Magazines, Women's Press
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COVID-19 Communication
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Colonial Legacies
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Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
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Foreign News, International News
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Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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Foreign Policies
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Council of Europe
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Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Legal Status of Journalists
2
News
2
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
2
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
2
Information Policies
2
Civil Rights
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Licensing of Media
2
National Security Legislation
2
Nationalisation of Media
2
Religious Freedom
2
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
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Refugees / Displaced People
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
2
Government Policies
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Internal Politics
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Military
2
Political Transition
2
Public Interest
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
2
Manipulation
2
Religion and Politics
2
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
2
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
2
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Social Change
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Al-Jazeera
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Publishing
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Communication Ethics, Catholic Media Ethics
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Press
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Orthodox Churches
1
WACC
1
Film Industries
1
Films
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Intellectual Property
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
History of Press Freedom & Censorship
1
Right to be Forgotten
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Genocides
1
International Conflicts
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
National Character
1
National Integration
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Information For All Programme (IFAP/UNESCO)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
North South Relations
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Search Engines
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Telegram
1
YouTube
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
AI Reporting
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Information Highway
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Economics of Media
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Distribution of Media
1
Game Industries, Game Production
1
Printing Industries
1
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
1
Television Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Adult Education
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Radios
1
Radio Schools
1
Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Morals
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Health Journalism
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History (General)
1
History of Radio
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
International Media Associations / Organizations
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
International Relations
1
Dependence
1
Diplomacy
1
International Organizations
1
African Union (AU)
1
OECD
1
Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Features
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Television News
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Risk Communication
1
Television Journalism
1
Language
1
French Language
1
Language and Media
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
1
Communication
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Processes
1
Communication Systems
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Presentation of Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Diasporas
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Photography
1
Elections
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Islamization
1
Political Change
1
Political Doctrines
1
Capitalism
1
Socialism
1
Political Movements
1
Political Preferences
1
Political Systems
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Parliaments
1
Centralization
1
Agenda Setting
1
Framing
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
Local Newspapers
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Commercial Radios
1
Radio Progreso (El Progreso, Honduras)
1
University Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Media Reception
1
Ideologies
1
Socialization
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Jewish Media
1
Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Empirical Studies
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Political Indicators
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Apartheid
1
Rohingya
1
Popular Movements
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Aspects
1
Revolutions
1
Social Control
1
Digital Television
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Cable Television
1
Commercial Television
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Cultures
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
The African Charter on Broadcasting: A Review of its Impact in West Africa
Dakar: Panos West Africa (2011), 230 pp.
"This study assesses the impact of the African Charter on Broadcasting, a blueprint for broadcasting reform in Africa, approved in 2001 at a conference of media practitioners and freedom of expression advocates held in Windhoek, Namibia. The geographical focus of this study is five countries in West
...
Cambodian Communication Review 2011
Phnom Penh: Royal University of Phnom Penh, Department of Media & Communication, Cambodia Communication Institut (2011), 66 pp.
On Media Monitoring: The Media and Their Contribution to Democracy
New York; Bern et al.: Peter Lang (2011), xii, 306 pp.
Balkan Media Barometer: Bosnia and Herzegowina 2011
Sarajevo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 104 pp.
"In September 2011 FES initiated the Balkan Media Barometer (BMB) with Bosnia and Herzegovina serving as a pilot project for South East Europe and the rest of the continent. A panel of experts from BiH discussed and scored a list of 44 indicators based on standards referenced to European documents,
...
Monitoring and Measuring Press Freedom on a Global Scale: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Freedom House Index
In: On Media Monitoring: The Media and Their Contribution to Democracy
Josef Trappel; Werner A. Meier (eds.)
New York; Bern et al.: Peter Lang (2011), pp. 25-36
Media Policy Paradigm Shift in Turkey: Rethinking Neo-Authoritarian Media Systems in the Age of Neo Liberalism
Acta Universitatis Danubius. Communicatio, volume 5, issue 1 (2011), pp. 40-69
"This article has aimed to open a discussion on the rethinking a neo authoritarian media system in the age of neo liberalism as a case of Turkey’s media experiences. In this context, this study deals with the media policy paradigm shift in the Republic of Turkey since 1980s. According to a recent
...
African Media Barometer: Namibia 2011
Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 68 pp.
Opening Remarks to the Sessions of the UNESCO International Symposium on Freedom of Expression, 26 January, 2011
Nordicom Review, volume 33, issue 3 (2011), pp. 111-113
"On 26 January 2011, UNESCO hosted the second International Symposium on Freedom of Expression at its Paris headquarters. The Swedish National Commission for UNESCO sponsored the conference. The symposium brought together individuals and organisations linked to the field of journalism and sparked no
...
African Media Barometer: Botswana 2011
Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 68 pp.
African Media Barometer: Togo 2010
Windhoek; Cotonou: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 138 pp.
Venezuela: Law on Social Responsibility of Radio, Television and Electronic Media
London: Article 19 (2011), 41 pp.
"The Law, published on 22 December 2010, is an amendment to the 2004 Law on Social Responsibility on Radio and Television. The 2010 amended Law extends the power of the state to control electronic media in the same way as traditional broadcasting. The Law aims at “establishing social responsibilit
...
Barometre des Médias Africains: Benin 2011
Windhoek; Cotonou: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 130 pp.
"Turning the Page": Hopes for Media Freedom in Niger and Guinea
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2011), 17 pp.
An Analysis of the Somali Media Environment
London: BBC World Service Trust (2011), 138 pp.
"In 2006 the BBC World Service Trust (BBC WST), funded by the UK Department for International Development, conducted research into media in 17 countries across sub-Saharan Africa in order to identify priorities for future media development initiatives. A series of African Media Development Initiativ
...
African Media Barometer: Ethiopia 2010
Windhoek; Adis Ababa: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 64 pp.
Barómetro Africano da Media: Moçambique 2011 = African Media Barometer: Moçambique 2011
Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES);Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2011), 126 pp.
Asian Media Barometer: The Philippines 2011
Berlin; Manila: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 104 pp.
Media, Militarization, and Human Rights: Comparing Media Reform in the Philippines and Burma
Communication, Culture & Critique, volume 4, issue 3 (2011), pp. 229-249
"Those working to develop and reform media often draw on human rights discourse, especially in areas of political violence. Yet discourse reflecting globally dominant conceptions of individually based human rights can have detrimental effects. This study illustrates how militarization and this disco
...
Confronting the News: The State of Independent Media in Latin America
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 38 pp.
"Over time the governments of Nicaragua, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador have shown a growing willingness to shrug off even the harshest criticism from usually friendly forums such as the OAS and UNESCO. As the media is forced into silence and the independence of the judiciary is weakened, there are
...
Asian Media Barometer: India 2009
Kuala Lumpur; New Delhi: Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development (AIBD);Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2010), 82 pp.
