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Media Outlets, Media Associations
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Freedom of Expression Principles
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State Influence on the Media
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Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
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Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
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Foreign Correspondents
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Media Development Indicators
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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History of Media: 19th Century
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International Communication
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
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Media & Information Literacy
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Propaganda
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Religion and Communication
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Non-Western Communication Approaches
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Community Media
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Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
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Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Popular Cultures
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Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
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Public Media, State Media
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Media Effects
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Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
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Research in Media & Communication
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Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
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Catholic Church and Communication
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Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
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Convergence of Media
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Internet Shutdowns
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Digital Economies, Digital Societies
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Information Society
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Racism in Communication & Media
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Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
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Media Industries
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Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
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Press Councils
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Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
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History of Journalism
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History of Media: Colonial Period
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Globalisation of Media
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World Information and Communication Order
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Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
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European Union (EU)
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UNESCO
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
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Press Law & Regulation
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Regulatory Bodies
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Populism
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Magazines
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Muslim Media
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Society
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Society & Media, Media Sociology
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Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
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SMS
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Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
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Government Advertising, State Advertising
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Area & Regional Studies
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Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
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Catholic Media Organizations
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Child Protection, Protection of Minors
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Copyright Law
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
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Government Communication Strategies
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
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Alternative Press
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
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Traditional Communication
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Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
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Terrorism
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Civil Wars
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Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
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Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
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Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Digital Media Landscapes
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Multimedia Products & Production
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Blogging, Blogs
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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Digitalization, Digital Transformation
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Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
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Media Commercialisation
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Media Markets
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Training
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Soap Operas & Telenovelas
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Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
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Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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Women (General)
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Women's Magazines, Women's Press
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COVID-19 Communication
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Colonial Legacies
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Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
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Foreign News, International News
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Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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Foreign Policies
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Council of Europe
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Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Legal Status of Journalists
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News
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Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
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Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
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Local Communication & Media
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Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
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Information Policies
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Civil Rights
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Internet Governance, Internet Policies
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Judiciary & Penal System
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Licensing of Media
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National Security Legislation
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Nationalisation of Media
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Religious Freedom
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Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
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Financing Media, Financial Media Management
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Refugees / Displaced People
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Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
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Government Policies
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Internal Politics
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Military
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Political Transition
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Public Interest
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National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
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Political Communication
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Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
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Manipulation
2
Religion and Politics
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Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
2
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
2
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Social Change
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Al-Jazeera
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Publishing
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Communication Ethics, Catholic Media Ethics
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Press
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Orthodox Churches
1
WACC
1
Film Industries
1
Films
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Intellectual Property
1
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
History of Press Freedom & Censorship
1
Right to be Forgotten
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Television
1
Participatory Communication
1
Genocides
1
International Conflicts
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
National Character
1
National Integration
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
World Bank
1
Financing Nonprofit Organizations
1
Information For All Programme (IFAP/UNESCO)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
North South Relations
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Search Engines
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Telegram
1
YouTube
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
AI Reporting
1
ICT Industries & Markets
1
Information Highway
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Racism
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Economics of Media
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Distribution of Media
1
Game Industries, Game Production
1
Printing Industries
1
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
1
Television Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Adult Education
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Radios
1
Radio Schools
1
Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Morals
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Responsibility
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Health Journalism
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History (General)
1
History of Radio
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
International Media Associations / Organizations
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
International Relations
1
Dependence
1
Diplomacy
1
International Organizations
1
African Union (AU)
1
OECD
1
Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Features
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Television News
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Risk Communication
1
Television Journalism
1
Language
1
French Language
1
Language and Media
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
1
Communication
1
Communication Networks
1
Communication Processes
1
Communication Systems
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Presentation of Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Diasporas
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Photography
1
Elections
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Islamization
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Political Change
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Political Doctrines
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Capitalism
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Socialism
1
Political Movements
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Political Preferences
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Political Systems
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Parliaments
1
Centralization
1
Agenda Setting
1
Framing
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
Local Newspapers
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Commercial Radios
1
Radio Progreso (El Progreso, Honduras)
1
University Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Media Reception
1
Ideologies
1
Socialization
1
Confucianism
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Hinduism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Jewish Media
1
Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Empirical Studies
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Political Indicators
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Apartheid
1
Rohingya
1
Popular Movements
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Aspects
1
Revolutions
1
Social Control
1
Digital Television
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Cable Television
1
Commercial Television
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Cultures
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
La presse en éveil: études de cas
Paris: UNESCO (1990), 131 pp.
Jornal, história e técnica: História da imprensa brasileira
São Paulo: Ática, 4th ed. (1990), 445 pp.
Democracy and the Mass Media: A Collection of Essays
Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press (1990), xi, 410 pp.
Freedom of Journalist: Seven Presentations from Latin America, North America, Africa, Europe, South and West Asia, Southeast and East Asia, Ocenaia
Fribourg: Union Catholique Internationale de la Presse (UCIP);Éditions Universitaires (1990), 133 pp.
L'information dans le monde: 206 pays au microscope
Paris: Éditions du Seuil (1989), 628 pp.
Mass Media People and Politics in Nigeria
New Delhi: Ashok Kumar Mittal Concept Publishing (1989), 255 pp.
L'effort camerounais ou la tentation d'une presse libre
Paris: L'Harmattan (1989), 170 pp.
Press Freedoms: A Descriptive Calendar of Concepts, Interpretations, Events, and Court Actions, from 4000 B.C. To the Present
New York: Greenwood (1987), 430 pp.
"No mere calendar, this encyclopedic chronology of freedom of the press covers all time periods from prehistory to the present. Although the arrangement is chronological, with chapters such as "Printing in a World of Irreverence, 1500 Through 1599," a detailed subject and name index makes it fully a
...
Massenmedien und Nachrichtengebung in Mexiko
Saarbrücken: Breitenbach (1986), ix, 434 pp.
Press in Chains
Karachi: Karachi Press Club (1986), 252 pp.
"The central theme of this book [about suppressive journalism practices in Pakistan] is the persecution of newspapers and punitive actions taken against dissenting journalists. The first chapter deals with the one and three-quarters of a century of the ruthless repression and suppression under forei
...
The Press and Apartheid: Repression and Propaganda in South Africa
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press (1984), 336 pp.
"This is a study both of measures taken by the South African government to control its mass media and of the efforts of its journalists and others to express their views and resist those restreints," (introduction). The authors examine the conflict between government and press in a social, economic,
...
Press Control Around the World
New York: Praeger (1982), xvi, 283 pp.
Libertad de expresión en América Latina: Técnicas y sistemas de control de la prensa
Barcelona: Mitre (1982), 359 pp.
"Entre los propósitos de la obra, destaca el de analizar las características de la relación de los medios de comunicación y gobiernos, que parecieran tener cierta permanencia, bien en naciones individuales, bien en América Latina como conjunto." (Álvarez/Martínez Riaza: Historia de la prensa
...
Latin American Media: Guidance and Censorship
Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press (1981), 265 pp.
Licensing Newsmen: The Bolivian Experience
International Communication Gazette, volume 25, issue 3 (1979), pp. 163-175
"In 1972 the Bolivian government passed a law to license journalists. This law created the "colegiado" system, providing for legally protected minimum wages, satisfactory working conditions, and restriction of journalistic employment to those with professional credentials. Although it is still too e
...
The Press of Africa: Persecution and Perseverance
London; Basingstoke: Macmillan (1979), xi, 304 pp.
"As political freedom came to the Continent, so did press freedom disappear," is Barton's opening sentence. Although his attitude is definitely colonial, this statement is not as prejudiced as it first appears, for he attempts to put it in a historical perspective by making the case that this trend
...
The Arab Press: News Media and Political Process in the Arab World
Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press (1979), 205 pp.
"Unlike more recent books dealing with the press in the Middle East which focus upon the treatment of the Arab Israeli conflict, this one analyzes the news media as institutions, "to see what forms they have taken in the independent Arab states, how the self-governing Arab societies have chosen to c
...
Prensa: Apertura y límites
Lima: Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo (DESCO) (1978), xix, 241 pp.
Whose News? Politics, the Press and the Third World
New York: Times Books (1978), 272 pp.
"An analysis of the struggle between the Western concept of the press as a means through which the public is freely informed about those in authority so that it can form judgments and act accordingly, and the Third World concept that the press should be a national voice functioning to make a better
...
