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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Unprepared for Reality: Early-Career Journalists Ill-Equipped for Hostility in the Field
Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 3 (2023), pp. 301-316
"Scholarly calls surrounding the need to prepare journalism students for hostile encounters and harassment are emerging. Using in-depth interviews with 28 early-career journalists from across the United States, this project underscores a need for content related to hostility within journalism course
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Hostility Toward the Press: A Synthesis of Terms, Research, and Future Directions in Examining Harassment of Journalists
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 7 (2023), pp. 1230-1249
"While there is an upsurge of research examining hostility toward the press from those external to the newsroom, there continues to be a lack of critical and robust theoretical foundation and agenda for such inquiry in countries considered to have a democratically free press. Therefore, the objectiv
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Conceptualizing Journalists’ Safety around the Globe
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 7 (2023), pp. 1211-1229
"Killings, as the most extreme form of violence against journalists, receive considerable attention, but journalists experience a variety of threats from surveillance to gendered cyber targeting and hate speech, or even the intentional deprivation of their financial basis. This article provides a co
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Tackling the emotional toll together: How journalists address harassment with connective practices
Journalism, volume 24, issue 3 (2023), pp. 494–512
"In this article, we examine how journalists address and tackle online harassment by connective practices that involve joint action with peers and editors that we find are particularly effective in addressing the emotional effects of harassment. Theoretically, we bridge community of practice researc
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Becoming a Target: Journalists’ Perspectives on Anti-Press Discourse and Experiences with Hate Speech
Journalism Practice, volume 18, issue 2 (2023), pp. 283-300
"In many parts of the world, journalists work in increasingly hostile environments. To better understand the characteristics and implications of hostility against the press in a hybrid regime, this study explores how journalists in Serbia perceive and experience anti-press hate speech. Based on 20 i
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How online harassment affects Korean journalists? The effects of online harassment on the journalists’ psychological problems and their intention to leave the profession
Journalism, volume 25, issue 4 (2023), pp. 900-920
"This study examined the effects of online harassment on journalists’ psychological trauma and their intention to leave work. It also investigated whether journalists’ psychological trauma mediates the effects of online harassment on their intention to leave the profession and whether gender mak
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The Digitization of Harassment: Women Journalists’ Experiences with Online Harassment in the Philippines
Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 6 (2023), pp. 1198-1213
"Through interviews with women journalists in the Philippines, this study documents and examines their experiences with online harassment. Three main themes stand out. First, we find that online harassment against journalists follows a systematic process that starts from the top, is followed through
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A Decolonial Analysis of the Cyberbullying of South African Women Journalists
In: Decolonising Journalism Education in South Africa: Critical Perspectives
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 135-148
"At the heart of decolonial theory is the love for woman, particularly black woman, as the most oppressed of political categories in the old colonial structures of race, class and gender hierarchy. This chapter uses decolonial theory, specifically Chela Sandoval’s concept of ‘decolonial love’
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Not just words: How reputational attacks harm journalists and undermine press freedom
Deep Insights
Vancouver: Global Reporting Centre; University of British Columbia School of Journalism, Writing, and Media (2023), 105 pp.
"Journalists’ reputations are under assault around the world. Among journalists we surveyed, 63% reported at least monthly attacks on their individual reputations — and 19% reported facing them daily. Rates were even higher for attacks on the reputations of their news outlets or the broader news
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The growing norm of sexual harassment in Pakistan’s mainstream and ethnic news media
Media Asia, volume 50, issue 3 (2023), pp. 397-417
"Across time, in a variety of forms and spaces -from homes and workplaces to digital domains of social media- women have become victims of sexual harassment. Over the last couple of years, the world has witnessed appalling cases followed under the #MeToo campaign that has inspired an increasing numb
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Modelling the impact of safety threats on professional journalistic reporting of protests by Indigenous People of Biafra among Nigerian journalists
Journal of International Communication, volume 29, issue 2 (2023), pp. 234-252
"This study aimed to determine the impact of safety challenges on professional journalistic reporting of IPOB protests in Nigeria. A total of 400 Nigerian journalists who were covering IPOB activities were surveyed. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), multivariate an
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Strategic Rituals of Loyalty: When Israeli Journalists Face Digital Hate
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2023), pp. 1940–1961
"This article examines how and why Israeli journalists use their military service as a shield in response to online violence and digital hate. This practice, termed here the military-as-alibi strategy, is highly consequential. First, it excludes Israeli citizens who are exempt from military service
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“It Comes With the Job”: How Journalists Navigate Experiences and Perceptions of Gendered Online Harassment
International Journal of Communication, volume 17, issue 2023 (2023), pp. 5128-5148
"This article examines how online abuse is experienced and tackled by journalists in Portugal, and addresses the prevalence of online harassment and violence against women journalists and their perceptions of the issue. Theoretically, the article bridges the research on online harassment and gender
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“I thought You Are Beautiful”: Uganda Women Journalists’ Tales of Mob Violence on Social Media
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2023), pp. 1962-1981
"This article contributes to our understanding of the notion of mob censorship from the Ugandan context by examining the nature and consequences of harassment targeting women journalists on social media. Drawing on research about online harassment and censorship, we link mob violence in physical spa
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“Not Their Fault, but Their Problem”: Organizational Responses to the Online Harassment of Journalists
Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 4 (2023), pp. 859-874
"Journalists are increasingly reporting that online harassment has become a common feature of their working lives, contributing to experiences of fatigue, anxiety and disconnection from social media as well as their profession. Drawing on interviews with American newsworkers, this study finds at lea
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Hate Speech on Social Media: A Global Approach
Covilhã (PO); Qutio (EC): LabCom; University of Beira Interior; PUCE Publications Centre (2023), 302 pp.
"Hate speech is more complex and diverse on social media. It spreads at high speed and can impact behaviors beyond the borders where it originates. Hate is ubiquitous, interactive, and multimedia. It is available 24/7, reaching a much larger audience. On social media, haters can be anonymous and fin
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Egypt’s #MeToo Moment: Using Social Media to Help Address Violence Against Women in Egypt
In: Violence Against Women in the Global South: Reporting in the #MeToo Era
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 173-199
"Adjusting the focus to the time and research of the present, this chapter analyzes two case studies that occurred before and after the revitalization of the global #MeToo movement in 2017. The selected cases investigate how women have used social media platforms to combat VAW. The first case is Daf
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“Don’t Touch Me”: Sexual Harassments, Digital Threats, and Social Resistance Toward Kuwaiti Female Journalists
In: The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Media and Communication in the Middle East and North Africa
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 373-390
"This study examines the obstacles and challenges faced by female journalists in Kuwait. It explores a set of interrelated factors that discourage women from working in the media, such as gender inequality, sexual harassment, threats, social resistance, and cultural barriers. The study uses a mixed
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"Whether you’re experiencing or witnessing online abuse, this Field Manual offers concrete strategies for how to defend yourself and others. We wrote this guidance with and for those disproportionately impacted by online abuse: writers, journalists, artists, and activists who identify as women, BI
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“You can Run, but You Cannot Hide!” Mapping Journalists’ Experiences With Hostility in Personal, Organizational, and Professional Domains
Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 2 (2023), pp. 199–213
"Our study describes how hostility reaches journalists and their reactions to the experiences. Semi-structured interviews with 18 Estonian journalists were conducted in 2021 from June to December. We divided journalists’ experiences into personal, professional, and organizational domains. One key
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