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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Occupational Hazards: Individual and Professional Factors of Why Journalists Become Victims of Online Hate Speech
Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 838-856
"Journalists are regularly exposed to online hate speech their profession. Because discrimination often harms targets and can prompt self-censorship in journalistic content, undermining journalism’s public duty, it is essential to understand factors explaining why journalists become victims of onl
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Evaluation of Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists in Nigeria
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, volume 6, issue 2 (2022), pp. 125-133
"The freedom of expression and Journalists* safety, as well as other media practitioners have become an issue of debate on press freedom and the working condition of reporters following untoward development on the media space which has become a preoccupation with journalism professional organization
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Risks and Resilience in the Case of Brazilian Female Journalists: How Women Perceive Violence Against Media Professionals and Cope with its Effects
Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2022), pp. 956-975
"The article examines how Brazilian women journalists claim gender-related issues influence the risks they experience in their professional routines and private life. Data was collected through 31 semi-structured interviews with female professionals who experienced episodes of violence during the co
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“I Really Wanted Them to Have My Back, but They Didn’t”—Structural Barriers to Addressing Gendered Online Violence against Journalists
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2022), pp. 1809-1828
"Despite rising scholarly interest in online violence as an “occupational hazard” for journalists, we know little about the dynamics that shape the often-limited support given by media organizations to media workers affected by online violence. In this study, I explore how the working environmen
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Digital Safety in Nigeria: A Study of Online Journalists in Kano State
SSRN (2022), 19 pp.
"This study examined the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of digital safety among journalists in Kano State. It aimed at examining the awareness of digital safety and threats and also the mechanisms used by Kano state online journalists to respond to such threats. The study adopted the Protect
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The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Deep Insights
CIPESA (2022), 57 pp.
"This report seeks to serve two purposes. The first is to research and document the state of media freedom and safety of journalists in Africa and to provide specific and evidence-based recommendations to guide policy makers, media development organisations and other media freedom and human rights a
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A Guide to Protecting Newsrooms and Journalists Against Online Violence
International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF) (2022), 45 pp.
"This guide is designed for newsroom management who want to create and implement online abuse policies to better protect their staff. The guide will: help you think through which policies are best suited to your newsroom; provide you with stand-alone policy templates you can adapt to the needs of yo
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Embedded authoritarianism: The politics of poor press freedom in Indian Kashmir
Media, Culture & Society, volume 44, issue 3 (2022), pp. 613–624
"The current article explores journalism practice amid waning press freedom in Indian Kashmir. Contextualising the recent renovation and introduction of authoritative new media policy 2020, the article maps the constant struggles of the journalists in the region. I consulted five working journalists
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"Digital platforms quickly became prevalent over physical public space, allowing debates, interactions, and activism to flourish. With women journalists contributing significantly to the formation of a vibrant digital public space, offline violence has adapted and evolved with digital platforms. Sin
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Afghan Media under the Taliban: Restrictions and Violations
Afghanistan Human Rights and Democracy Organization (AHRDO) (2022), 48 pp.
"[...] Since returning to power in August 2021, the Taliban has imposed a new media control regime, which has three key features: restriction, gender-discrimination, and repression with impunity. First, the Taliban has passed several media policies, imposing extreme constraints on press freedom and
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Protecting journalists from harassment: Comparing existing protection mechanisms and the effects on democracy
In: Success and failure in news media performance: Comparative analysis in the Media for Democracy Monitor 2021
Gothenburg: Nordicom (2022), pp. 59-77
"There is a quickly increasing body of studies and reports on harassment and intimidation of journalists around the world. These series of acts have a chilling effect on media freedom and journalists’ freedom of expression. The research literature on the topic has mostly focused on intimidation an
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Lights Out: Is This the End for Hong Kong's Media?
Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2022), 11 pp.
"The transformation of Hong Kong is “unstoppable,” as one official has said. And journalists should not expect any special privileges. Journalists, including foreign journalists, are welcome. But they must stick to reporting basic facts, not align with what Beijing called the “anti-China force
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“Suddenly We Were the Story”: Women Journalists, the #MeToo Movement, & Online Misogyny in India
In: Gender Violence, Social Media, and Online Environments
London; New York: Routledge (2022), 17 pp.
"This study looks at how online misogyny is impacting the work of women journalists in India. Journalists here are encouraged to have a social media presence and publicize stories online, but organizations do little to protect them from the relentless trolling and misogyny that characterizes the onl
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Taming the People: Comparing Protests and Populism in Arab and American Politics
Frontiers in Communication, volume 6, issue 780317 (2022), 11 pp.
"The spread of social media platforms ushered the beginning of an unprecedented communication era, which is borderless, immediate, widespread, and defies restrictions and censorship. Digital technology aided the spread of democracy and freedom of expression and helped to overthrow some Arab regimes
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Hearing the Voices of Journalists in Surigao City, Mindanao, Philippines
Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, volume 4, issue 1 (2022), pp. 33-43
"The Philippine media presented itself as the vanguard of the Filipino people’s basic freedoms, especially the freedom of speech and expression. However, as with any responsibility that pertains to that freedom, the news media had its laws that may result in persecution. This study was aimed at in
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Counter digital revolution, disinformation, and journalistic constraints in Arab media
Journalism Research/Journalistik, volume 3, issue 5 (2022), pp. 234-252
"The spread of social media platforms ushered the beginning of an unprecedented communication era, which is borderless, immediate, widespread, and defies restrictions and censorship. Digital technology aided the spread of democracy and freedom of expression and helped to overthrow some Arab regimes
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Digital (In)Security in Latin America: The Dimensions of Social Media Violence against the Press and Journalists’ Coping Strategies
Digital Journalism, volume 11, issue 10 (2022), pp. 1829-1847
"As the journalism industry faces increasing risk and insecurity in the digital environment, there is still much to know about how journalists are reacting to and internalizing online harassment, and what the consequences are for their routines. Approaching the problem from a socio-technical perspec
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Fair Game: The Endangered Media Space for Foreign Correspondents Inside China 2022
Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2022), 10 pp.
"This report focuses on Beijing's efforts to control domestic reporting by resident foreign journalists. It is based on interviews conducted by the IFJ in December 2021 with 19 current or recent correspondents from nine countries, who work across print and broadcast and whose experience in China ran
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External Interference in a Hybrid Media Environment
Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 10 (2022), pp. 2106-2124
"Contemporary journalists face a multitude of external pressures and threats, ranging from political and commercial interference to online harassment and increasing anti-press hostility. This empirical article examines how the hybridization of the media environment is reflected in journalists’ exp
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More than just collateral damage. Ramifications of the pandemic for freedom of the press
Publizistik, volume 67 (2022), pp. 31–50
"Confronted with a situation that was new to everyone, world leaders sought the best way to contain the pandemic caused by the coronavirus. The measures introduced, with lockdowns and curfews, affected fundamental rights such as freedom of movement and assembly, with implications for freedom of expr
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