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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Journals
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Freedom of Expression in Times of Covid-19: Chilling Effect in Hungary and Serbia
Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, volume 6, issue 2 (2020), pp. 14-29
"New technologies have opened several risks to safety of journalists. More importantly, in the state of emergency caused by the Covid-19 outbreak, journalists and media actors have shifted their activities online more than ever, which also made them more prone to digital threats and attacks. In some
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Suffering in Silence: The Resilience of Pakistan’s Female Journalists to Combat Sexual Harassment, Threats and Discrimination
Journalism Practice, volume 15, issue 2 (2020), pp. 150-170
"Pakistan’s journalists confront severe safety risks across the country and impunity to crimes against them allows the perpetrators to go unpunished. Now the country is recognized as one of the deadliest places for working journalists in the world. Given this situation, the Pakistani female journa
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Pushing a Political Agenda: Harassment of French and African Journalists in Côte d’Ivoire’s 2010-2011 National Election Crisis
International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 472-490
"Côte d’Ivoire’s national election in 2010 descended into civil war into 2011 when incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo refused to concede the presidency to the internationally recognized winner Alassane Ouattara. The three political players in this election—the parties of Ouattara, Gbagbo, and
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Professionalism, Safety Measures, and Threats: An Exploratory Approach
Paradigms, volume 14, issue 1 (2020), pp. 117-124
"All citizens have equal rights to lead their life in any country in the world. The primary responsibility of the government is to protect the rights of all human beings on equal basis residing in a country. This study is an endeavor to highlight the intensity and reasons behind the threats received
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Safety of Female Journalists Online: A #SOFJO Resource Guide
Key Guides
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2020), 231 pp.
"Online harassment and abuse against women journalists has become a major hazard to the profession. One that threatens women journalists’ ability to do their jobs. It violates their right to freedom of expression as much as it hampers free and open access to information for all members of society.
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You Really Have to Have a Thick Skin’: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on How Online Harassment Influences Female Journalists
Journalism, volume 21, issue 7 (2020), pp. 877-895
"In-depth interviews with 75 female journalists who work or have worked in Germany, India, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America reveal that they face rampant online gendered harassment that influences how they do their jobs. Many of the women report that if they aim to engage
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#MeToo, Sexual Harassment and Coping Strategies in Norwegian Newsrooms
Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 57-67
"This article, through conducting a study of the sexual harassment (SH) of media workers, investigates the extent and types of SH experienced by the editorial staff of Norwegian newsrooms at the time the #MeToo campaign arrived in Norway, and what effects such experiences have on journalists’ prof
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Work-related sexual harassment and coping techniques: The case of Indonesian female journalists
Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1-2 (2020), pp. 23-33
"Female journalists make up only between five to 10 percent of the total journalists in Indonesia. Consequently, this often gives women little bargaining power in the workplace. This research analyzes the prevalence and nature of sexual harassment experienced by Indonesian female journalists, as wel
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Vibrant and safe media landscape in Ghana: Reality or mirage?
Journal of African Media Studies, volume 10, issue 2 (2020), pp. 92-120
"Despite widespread condemnation of assaults on journalists in Ghana and elsewhere in the past, there is increasing evidence of brutality against journalists. When perpetrators of such assaults go unpunished, it fosters a culture of impunity. The article throws searchlight on incidences of assaults
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Double-edged knife: Practices and perceptions of technology and digital security among Mexican journalists in violent contexts
Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, volume 3, issue 1 (2020), pp. 22-42
"Violence against Mexican journalists has received significant attention from scholars at home and abroad during the last decade. However, though a diversity of issues have been consistently studied, there is one topic that is still largely neglected: the implications of technology for news workers
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A New Pedagogy to Enhance the Safety and Resilience of Journalists in Dangerous Environments Globally
Education Sciences, volume 10, issue 310 (2020), 15 pp.
"Risks to journalists are rising with disasters, epidemics, physical, mental and digital harassment all increasing globally. Some 1382 journalists have been killed since 1992 and 246 are imprisoned. However, the threat type has been changing, with the majority of journalists killed annually being on
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Digital Threats and Attacks on the Philippine Alternative Press: Range, Responses, and Remedies
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 1-22
"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working
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3rd International Press Freedom Seminar: Off/Online Intimidation of Journalists. Report
Ghent: Ghent University (2019), 6 pp.
"The annual International Press Freedom was, for the third time, organised by the Faculty of Law and Criminology and the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of Ghent University, Belgium. The seminar gathered speakers from different backgrounds: journalists, academics, and civil society organisa
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A Badge of Honor? How the New York Times Discredits President Trump’s Fake News Accusations
Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 2 (2019), pp. 287-304
"News organizations in many Western democracies face decreasing trust amid fake news accusations. In this situation, news organizations risk losing their license to operate and need to defend their legitimacy. This study analyzes how The New York Times (NYT) discredits fake news accusations, which a
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State-Aligned Trolling in Iran and the Double-Edged Affordances of Instagram
New Media & Society, volume 21, issue 7 (2019), pp. 1506-1527
"Online harassment is increasingly applied as a form of information control to curb free speech and exert power in online public spheres. In recent years, states have appeared to be particularly invested in weaponizing information against dissidents in an attempt at dominating social and political d
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#journodefender: Turning Trolling Against Journalists on its Head
Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2019), 83 pp.
"This report describes and analyses how online propaganda against journalists across the world - through hate, harassment, threats and fabricated news – undermines independent reporting, sows doubt among the public and makes journalists, in particular female journalists, open for online attacks an
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Fighting Words: Journalism Under Assault in Central and Eastern Europe
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 30 pp.
"To understand the situation and examine what can be done to address it, we sent out a questionnaire to journalists in 16 countries in the region, asking them about the state of press freedom and the areas in which they felt their ability to work was being curtailed. We also asked them about sources
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TrollBusters: Fighting Online Harassment of Women Journalists
In: Mediating Misogyny: Gender, Technology, and Harassment
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), pp. 311-332
"For women journalists, online harassment may result in emotional stress and may require legal and technological remedies to mitigate the damage caused to their identity and reputation. Perpetrators can use a combination of online and offline attacks that threaten the employment and safety of journa
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Module 7. Combatting online abuse: When journalists and their sources are targeted
In: Journalism, ‘Fake News’ & Disinformation: Handbook for Journalism Education and Training
Paris: UNESCO (2018), pp. 115-127
"The problem of disinformation and misinformation undermining credible journalism and reliable information has escalated dramatically in the social media era. Consequences include the deliberate targeting of journalists and other online publishers, along with their sources, who are seeking to verify
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