"Ce guide a pour but d'aider à identifier les lacunes, les opportunités et les faiblesses du système afin de guider la définition d’une stratégie nationale plus cohérente et de positionner la téléphonie mobile comme appui aux activités de préparation, de réponse et de relèvement en cas
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de catastrophe. Une évaluation complète des besoins et des capacités d'un pays, de ses agences et de ses politiques est indispensable pour améliorer les stratégies et les plans de télécommunications d'urgence existants, ainsi que pour intégrer les aspirations d’un PNTU basé sur la téléphonie mobile dans un plan national global de réponse aux catastrophes ou de développement national." (Conclusion, page 13)
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"Section 1 focuses on creating an enabling environment. Mobile network operators (MNOs) operate in a regulated environment.5 However, if this environment is not sufficiently enabling to support disaster preparedness, response and recovery, MNOs will encounter challenges when disaster strikes. This s
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ection provides a broad overview of a country’s mobile landscape by helping practitioners to appraise the policy, legal and regulatory environment and identify key areas for policy intervention.
Section 2 focuses on data sharing. Here, practitioners can take a closer look at the data ecosystem by examining not only the policy and regulations that exist on paper, but also what it takes to implement data infrastructure and policies for using and protecting data across the humanitarian ecosystem. These include institutional mandates, technological options, human capabilities, incentives and enforcement mechanisms. Understanding how infrastructure systems, processes, people and policies support humanitarian innovation in practical ways is key.
Section 3 provides an analysis of use cases in mobile-enabled emergency telecommunications. These use cases help to capture the lived experiences of those in the humanitarian ecosystem and guide policy reviews in support of government priorities, use cases and humanitarian interventions." (About this guide, page 5)
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"To ensure that mobile solutions are designed inclusively in humanitarian contexts, it is important that target users are involved as co-creators of the future they want. A human-centred design approach is one way to ensure that users’ perspectives are fully integrated into programme design. This
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approach is also useful for work involving marginalised populations, including refugees and people with disabilities, as these populations tend to have fewer opportunities to voice their experiences and influence decisionmaking processes. At the same time, they face complex systemic challenges. To shape solutions that will effectively address these challenges, their perspective is absolutely critical. Human-centred design research methodologies are well suited to the challenge because they bring the perspective of this end user to the forefront. This report documents the human-centred design process used in a project conducted in 2020 in Nairobi, Kenya. It includes research tools that can be used in other contexts, as well as the adaptations that were made to research tools to ensure they were inclusive. These are documented in the two page spreads below: Location Mapping, User Journeys, Communication Mapping, Future Me and Daily Diaries. These tools are followed by the main lessons learned, and recommendations for others who want to implement a similar process. More research should be conducted to better understand the experiences of people with disabilities in humanitarian contexts." (Executive summary)
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"In the 1991 cyclones that hit Bangladesh, 90 per cent of the 140 000 victims were women. In the deadly heat waves that hit France in 2003, most fatalities were elderly women. During the 2005 Hurricane Katrina emergency in New Orleans, most of the victims were Afro-American women and their children.
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And yet again, with the COVID-19 pandemic, women are bearing the brunt; not only because they represent an estimated 70 per cent of frontline healthcare workers and undertake most of the care work in the home, but because their over-representation in the informal economy and lower pay rates mean they are significantly harder hit by the economic downturn. In such times of crises, access to accurate information is life-saving and life-changing for women, their families and their communities. Their perspectives and experiences, as well as their ability to organize, lobby and inform, can dramatically improve disaster risk management. That is why we need more innovative and culturally sensitive approaches to empowering women and girls through digital networks, platforms and technologies. With many years of experience in delivering communications in times of disasters, ITU and the other partners of the Emergency Telecommunications Cluster (ETC) can attest to the importance and impact of such empowerment. That is why we are working to involve more women in the development of national disaster management strategies and strategic consultations on disaster preparedness and response, including for early warning systems. We hope this joint paper will go a long way towards integrating women’s needs into national disaster risk reduction frameworks, as well as in ensuring they get access to the digital tools that can play such an important role in their own safety and security, and that of their families and communities." (Foreword)
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"This book provides new developments, innovations, and research outcomes; case studies and lessons learned; and other considerations for the creation and deployment of effective ICTs to provide humanitarian services for the resource-constrained and vulnerable populations in the world in order to imp
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rove their lives. It contains contributions from researchers, professionals in humanitarian assistance, postgraduate students, and from academia and industry, with varied backgrounds working in the area of ICTs and humanitarian services. The chapters are particularly designed as a series of independent modules, whereas each chapter explores some aspect of humanitarian services through ICTs. Topics of this book include connectivity and communications technologies for humanitarian services; ICTs in disaster mitigation, relief, and recovery; humanized and inclusive education; technologies for the women, disabled, and aged populations; IoT, big data, and blockchain for humanitarian engineering; adopting and adapting ICTs in humanitarian sectors; and other technological advancements for humanitarian assistance." (Publisher description)
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"Twitter is a major tool for communication during emergencies and disasters. This study aimed to investigate Twitter use during natural hazards and pandemics. The included studies reported the role of Twitter in disasters triggered by natural hazards. Electronic databases were used for a comprehensi
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ve literature search to identify the records that match the mentioned inclusion criteria published through May 2020. Forty-five articles met the selection criteria and were included in the review. These indicated ten functions of Twitter in disasters, including early warning, dissemination of information, advocacy, assessment, risk communication, public sentiment, geographical analysis, charity, collaboration with influencers and building trust. Preventing the spread of misinformation is one of the most important issues in times of disaster, especially pandemics. Sharing accurate, transparent and prompt information from emergency organizations and governments can help. Moreover, analyzing Twitter data can be a good way to understand the mental state of the community, estimate the number of injured people, estimate the points affected by disasters and model the prevalence of epidemics. Therefore, various groups such as politicians, government, nongovernmental organizations, aid workers and the health system can use this information to plan and implement interventions." (Abstract)
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"This module introduces disaster risk management (DRM) and provides an overview of how information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be used for DRM. A large number of examples and case studies on the applications of ICTs in DRM have been included in the module. The main objective of the mod
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ule is to introduce the basic concepts of DRM and the applications of ICTs in disaster mitigation and prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery." (Page iii)
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"• Data impact assessments determine the potential benefits and risks associated with data management. They are a critical component of responsible data management, but are often overlooked.
• There are a wide variety of approaches to data impact assessments. Selecting the right assessment for a
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given data management activity can minimise the risk and maximise the benefit to affected people, humanitarians and other stakeholders.
• Applicable laws and regulations, internal policies, the context in which data management will take place and other factors determine which assessment(s) should be applied to a data management activity.
• Data impact assessments should be conducted before and during data management activities in order to inform project planning and design. Activities should be redesigned or cancelled if the foreseeable risks of data management outweigh the intended benefits." (Key takeaways)
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"The effective management of the risk of disasters depends on communication and information sharing across all levels of government, within communities, and between public and private organizations. In particular, timely and effective information flow is important for early warning and alerting the
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population, for preparing for an emergency event, and for the effective coordination and articulation of response activities that can minimize economic loss, mitigate the impact on public well-being and loss of life.
A national emergency telecommunication plan (NETP) sets out a strategy to enable and ensure communications availability during the disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery phases, by promoting coordination across all levels of government, between public and private organizations, and within communities at risk. Preparation and implementation of an NETP engages stakeholders to think through the life cycle of a potential disaster, it determines the required capabilities for emergency responses, and establishes a governance framework of roles and responsibilities. It also clarifies how to shape planning, envision and share desired outcomes, and it outlines effective ways to achieve and communicate expected results. The NETP will reflect what diverse stakeholder communities need to focus on in order to address specific risks with available resources. Additionally, for developing countries, the NETP will highlight major areas of risk. This not only provides support and justification for the funding of vital equipment and personnel in an emergency, but also promotes the need for day-to-day resources and procedures that keep national authorities prepared, especially to maintaining vital communications, the essential lifeline during emergencies.
This report assists national authorities and policymakers to develop a clear, flexible and user-friendly framework that guides countries on how to develop a strategic plan to support and enable the continued use of telecommunication and information and communication technology (ICT) networks and services in all four disaster management phases. It not only describes the main elements that an NETP should consider, but also highlights its potential benefits. It includes a step-by-step guide to the development of an NETP, it serves as a useful resource based on ITU recommendations and concepts, as well as expertise from other global bodies and organizations." (Overview, page 1)
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"Technology has driven major change in some areas of humanitarian response, but its use can also be biased and blind to risks. A tendency towards techno-optimism risks avoiding fundamental questions around the limits of technology, the role of the private sector (including local and regional technol
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ogy entrepreneurs) and identifying when technology is and is not useful. Technology is not inclusive by nature. The humanitarian digital divide exists and there is growing awareness of this, but the humanitarian system is currently focused mainly on digital risks, meaning insufficient attention is placed on questions of how to root digital tools in a more inclusive framework. We need to go beyond token moves to more inclusive digital approaches and really delve into what is required for genuine change." (Conclusions, page 23)
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"The report findings identify numerous potentially transformational and cost-effective technologies that could significantly improve our ability to access and assist vulnerable displaced populations – particularly children. The findings also provide a greater understanding of the programming chall
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enges, child safeguarding risks and ethical dilemmas provoked by these new and often fast-changing technologies. It outlines some of the important steps Save the Children has already made to respond to these developments, but makes clear that there is a lot more we need to do. And whilst the primary focus of the report is Save the Children itself, it is apparent that many of the findings – and the recommendations – apply widely across the aid sector." (Publisher description)
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"Somalia is facing a protracted displacement crisis. Since the new wave of displacement as a result of the 2016/2017 drought, 2.6 million people - one in six Somalis - have been forced to flee their homes.1 Displaced groups in Somalia are extremely vulnerable - lacking in sustainable livelihoods, pe
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rmanent housing and access to basic services. Their arrival and continued presence in cities and towns, such as Mogadishu, Baidoa and Bossaso, are straining services and infrastructure in municipalities that already struggle to deliver for the host community [...] In response to the context outlined above, AVF proposed and deployed an innovative social accountability and public opinion gathering intervention that is designed to meet the following objectives: 1. Devise a methodology for consultations with communities that uses radio shows and targeted SMS adverts to participants in previous radio series as a means to engage with communities, establish feedback loops and generate data; 2. Conduct data analysis in order to inform the elaboration of area-level outcomes supporting the attainment of durable solutions in the target locations, based on the perceptions of residents and people affected by displacement [...] It is important to note that this is a survey of perceptions and therefore does not always represent objective facts on the ground. Any social change initiative must however be based on a strong understanding of the populations’ perceptions, given that they guide their behaviors and attitudes. This also allows having a better grasp on challenges encountered, which enables work towards improving the situation, particularly taking into consideration age and gender specific experiences." (Introduction, page 6-7)
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"Today's global refugee crisis has mobilized humanitarian efforts to help those fleeing persecution and armed conflict at all stages of their journey. Aid organizations are increasingly employing new information technologies in their mission, taking advantage of proliferating mobile phones, remote s
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ensors, wireless networks, and biometric identification systems. Digital Lifeline? examines the use of these technological innovations by the humanitarian community, exploring operations and systems that range from forecasting refugee flows to providing cellular and Internet connectivity to displaced persons. The contributors, from disciplines as diverse as international law and computer science, offer a variety of perspectives on forced migration, technical development, and user behavior, drawing on field work in countries including Jordan, Lebanon, Rwanda, Germany, Greece, the United States, and Canada. The chapters consider such topics as the use of information technology in refugee status determination; ethical and legal issues surrounding biometric technologies; information technology within organizational hierarchies; the use of technology by refugees; access issues in refugee camps; the scalability and sustainability of information technology innovations in humanitarian work; geographic information systems and spatial thinking; and the use of “big data” analytic techniques. Finally, the book identifies policy research directions, develops a unified research agenda, and offers practical suggestions for conducting displacement research." (Publisher description)
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"As the number of people affected by humanitarian crises continues to rise and as crises become more prolonged, humanitarian stakeholders (including humanitarian agencies, NGOs, and others) are responding in different ways, by partnering with the private sector, integrating innovative approaches and
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using digital technology to increase accountability, efficiency and impact. These changes, among others, are laying the foundation for a digital ecosystem for humanitarian assistance. Though nascent, this digital ecosystem has the potential to increase the addressable market, leading to more scalable solutions and platforms that will improve or enhance humanitarian outcomes, both for stakeholders and for crises-affected people." (Executive summary)
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