Filter
533
Featured
Free Access
370
Inspiring Practice
3
Key Guidance
12
Quick Overview
1
Top Insights
16
Topics
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
62
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
60
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
50
Female Journalists & Media Workers
49
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
37
War Reporting
30
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
28
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
27
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
25
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
23
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
23
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
22
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
18
Self-Censorship
16
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
16
Investigative Journalism
15
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
14
Journalism Education & Training
14
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
13
Foreign Correspondents
13
Censorship
10
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
9
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
9
Freedom of Expression
8
United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
8
Election Reporting
8
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
8
Media Law & Regulation
8
Human Rights Protection
8
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
7
COVID-19 Communication
7
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
6
Crime & Violence Reporting
6
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
6
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
5
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
5
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
5
Emergency Medical Aid
5
United Nations (UN)
5
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
5
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
5
Research in Media & Communication
5
Editorial Independence
4
Media / Communication Control
4
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
4
Community Radios
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Journalism Ethics
4
UNESCO
4
Journalism
4
Journalism Education Curricula
4
Journalists
4
Local Journalism
4
Photojournalism
4
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
4
Advocacy
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
3
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
3
Political Cartoons & Comics
3
Freedom of Expression Principles
3
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Journalistic Social Media Use
3
Minority Journalists
3
Humanitarian Law
3
Countering Defamation & Harassment
3
Good Practice Examples
3
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
3
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
3
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
3
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
3
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
3
Police
3
Democracy / Democratization and Media
3
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
2
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
2
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
2
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
2
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Storytelling
2
Boko Haram
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Search Engines
2
Social Media
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Documenting Human Rights Violations
2
Environmental Journalism
2
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
2
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
2
Council of Europe
2
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
2
Journalistic Research Methods
2
Journalistic Skills
2
Exiled Journalists
2
Legal Status of Journalists
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
2
Television Journalism
2
Media Assistance
2
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Political Transition and Media
2
Research Methods
2
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Networks & Networking
2
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
2
User-Generated Contents
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Open Data
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
1
Advocacy Campaigns
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Election Campaigns
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Film Distribution
1
Film Editing
1
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Countering Press Freedom Violations by Legal Actions
1
State Influence on the Media
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
1
Terrorism
1
Gaza War (2023-)
1
Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
AI Reporting
1
Romani People
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Media Commercialisation
1
Distribution of Media
1
Television Markets
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation, Libel, Slander
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Self-Assessment, Self-Evaluation
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
History of Journalism
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
European Union (EU)
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
1
Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
1
Information Sources of Journalists
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalism Studies: Research Projects
1
Journalistic Genres
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Style & Language
1
News Agencies
1
Radio Journalism
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Translations & Translating
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Legal Protection
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Caruana Galizia, Daphne (1964-2017)
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Photographers
1
Military
1
Political Extremism
1
Populism
1
Security
1
Personal Safety
1
Election Campaigns: Social Media
1
Political Communication
1
Propaganda
1
Public Spheres
1
Video Production Skills
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Communication & Media Research Associations & Networks
1
Assassination
1
Human Security
1
Rohingya
1
Blockchain Technologies
1
Data Protection (Computer Software)
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Freedom under Pressure: Threats to journalists’ safety in Pakistan
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 323-328
"This study aims to explore the level of journalists’ safety and investigates different types of threats that affect their work (actions) within the context (environment) of Pakistan. Drawing on the new institutionalism theory, this study posits that Pakistani journalists work in an unsafe institu
...
Expanding Influences Research to Insecure Democracies: How Violence, Public Insecurity, Economic Inequality and Uneven Democratic Performance Shape Journalists’ Perceived Work Environments
Journalism Studies, volume 18, issue 5 (2017), pp. 645-665
"Democracies with sharp violence and public insecurity have proliferated in recent decades, with many also featuring extreme economic inequality. These conditions have not been explicitly considered in comparative research on journalists’ work environments, an omission that may obscure important r
...
Indonesian double standards over press freedom endanger safety of Papuan journalists
Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 40-47
"The World Press Freedom Day celebration in Jakarta was a milestone for Indonesia’s democratic progress, but it was also remarkable for the silence around gross violations in the country’s Papuan provinces, writes David Robie." (Abstract)
Why the World Became Concerned with Journalistic Safety, and Why the Issue Will Continue to Attract Attention
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 33-44
"There is a history to why the challenge of securing safety for journalism has become a prominent issue in many parts of the world. This is partly because of increased attacks on journalists, but it is also a function of global developments that have afforded space for the issue to come to fore as a
...
Security and Safety Awareness among Journalist in Nigeria
In: Proceedings International Conference on Media Studies 2017
Azahar Kasim; Norsiah Abdul Hamid; Sabrina Mohd Rashid (eds.)
Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), School of Multimedia Technology and Communication (2017), pp. 389-394
"Concern on safety and security of journalist is a global phenomenon. This gave rise to security and safety policy documents and protocols for journalists and the need for journalists to know about them to better safeguard themselves while on duty. Studies were conducted on the state of journalist
...
Unwarranted Interference, Fear and Self-censorship among Journalists in Council of Europe Member States
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 221-226
"Journalists may be exposed to a number of risk factors for unwarranted interference. This is often compounded by a culture of impunity. The extent of unwarranted interference, the experience of fear associated with such interference, and the consequent possibility of self-censorship among journalis
...
Collaboration is the future: Doing research in the network era
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 71-80
"The study of journalists’ safety around the world is one of the areas that clearly require international collaboration. This chapter highlights three distinct models of scientific collaboration: the centralized, the correspondent, and the coordinated cooperation model. The Worlds of Journalism St
...
Global and Domestic Networks Advancing Prospects for Institutional and Social Change: The Collective Action Response to Violence Against Journalists
Journalism and Communication Monographs, volume 19, issue 2 (2017), pp. 84-152
"Violence against journalists has emerged as a global human rights issue as the number of those killed in the profession has steadily risen in the new millennium. This research utilized a collective action framework, applying an adapted qualitative network model to examine organizational mobilizatio
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A Story Bigger than Your Life? The safety challenges of journalists reporting on democratization conflicts
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 289-302
"This chapter investigates safety challenges journalists face when reporting on democratization conflicts and their impact on journalistic work. It builds on a comparative case study within the EU-funded project “Media, Conflict and Democratisation” (MeCoDEM), which explores journalistic work pr
...
Defending Journalism: How National Mechanisms Can Protect Journalists and Address the Issue of Impunity. A Comparative Analysis of Practices in Seven Countries
Top Insights
International Media Support (IMS) (2017), 250 pp.
"The research documents how, despite immense ongoing challenges, in Afghanistan, Iraq, Nepal and Pakistan, some important advances have been made to develop joint structures and innovative approaches to defend the practice of journalism. It examines the long road Colombia has followed in the establi
...
How journalists survived to report: Professionalism and risk management in the reporting of terror groups and violent extremism in North East Nigeria
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 159-170
"The Boko Haram terrorism and violent extremism that ravaged North East Nigeria and Republics of Chad, Niger and Cameroons from 2009-2015 exposed weaknesses in the safety policy and protocols for local journalists in times and zones of tension in Nigeria. Boko Haram terrorists killed 30,000 people a
...
Measuring journalism safety. Methodological challenges
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 129-140
"The effectiveness of any measures taken to address the problems of journalism safety ultimately depends on our ability to understand the complex nature and dynamics of risk to journalists. Mapping the scale of the problem through the systematic collection of data on threats over time is therefore a
...
5th Conference on Media Development in Myanmar: Inclusive Independent Media in a New Democracy, 7–8 November 2016
Yangoon: UNESCO (2017), 32 pp.
"Under the heading “Inclusive, independent media in a new democracy”, the 5th annual Myanmar Media Development Conference took place 7 – 8 November 2016 in Yangon, the first to be held under the new democratically elected government. The conference featured government representatives, media ow
...
The United Nations’ Role in Promoting the Safety of Journalists from 1945 to 2016
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 45-60
"The United Nations (UN) has played an increasing role in promoting the safety of journalists. Yet little has been done to study its work from a historical perspective. This paper explores global attempts to promote journalist safety carried out by the UN system, from its inception in 1945 until 201
...
Explorations in an Emerging Research Field
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 141-146
"When discussing the safety of journalists, it is quite natural that the focus is foremost on practitioners: those professional journalists, citizen journalists and other media workers who report about incidents, processes and their consequences from troubled sites around the world. Their accounts o
...
Media professionals and armed conflict: protection and responsibilities under international humanitarian law. Handbook
British Red Cross;british Institute of international and Comparative Law (2017), vi, 129 pp.
"This Handbook is primarily for use by media professionals who report from conflict zones. It is a practical and accessible guide to the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) that protect media professionals and their work in armed conflict. It also considers the IHL responsibilities that me
...
Terrorism and the Media
Paris: UNESCO, revised ed. (2017), 110 pp.
"Targeted towards journalists and media professionals, this handbook is designed to provide key information and encourage reflection on the way that terrorism is covered in the media. Based upon advice from leading institutions and experts, and filled with examples, it explores the professional chal
...
What if ...? Safety Handbook for Women Journalists: Practical Advice Based on Personal Experience
International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT) (2017), 89 pp.
An Attack on One is an Attack on All: Successful Initiatives to Protect Journalists and Combat Impunity
Inspiring Practice
Paris: UNESCO (2017), 98 pp.
"This report takes a look at a selection of the innovative, successful ways media companies, individual journalists and civil society organizations are coming together to improve journalist safety. These are cases of people taking the initiative, of acting on behalf of the profession, of not sitting
...
Prevent – Protect – Prosecute: Acting on UN Human Rights Council Resolution 33/2
London: Article 19 (2017), 38 pp.
"In September 2016, the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) broke new ground with the unanimous adoption of HRC Resolution 33/2 on the safety of journalists. The HRC is the world’s highest human rights body and its resolutions are a strong collective commitment from States to act on priority human right
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