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Focused Assessment of Media Development in Libya: Safety of Journalists and Professional Capacity Building. A Baseline Report Based on a Selection of UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators (categories 3 and 4)

Clara Tardy, Adrian Carriere

Altai Consulting; UNESCO (2015), 29 pp.

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Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline

Sam Dubberley, Elizabeth Griffin, Haluk Mert Bal

Istanbul: Eyewitness Media Hub (2015), 69 pp.

"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by ... non professionals and posted online. These professionals are tasked with viewing and sifting through massive volumes of eyewitness media - that is, raw, unedited, authentic footage now captured regularly on smartphones - to enhance their investigations, reporting, operations, prosecutions and advocacy. Professionals who work with eyewitness media watch disturbing footage from war zones, natural and manmade disasters and accidents over and over again to verify its veracity and to edit out images that are deemed too extreme for viewing by the general public. Viewing traumatic images of death, destruction, blood and unimaginable horrors all day every day - often for years on end - is now an integral part of the daily work of many desk-bound staff working for news, human rights and humanitarian organisations who are often located thousands of miles away from where the actual horrors occur. Whether it is a broadcaster, publisher, human rights or humanitarian professional, symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are now evident amongst staff working in offices on what we call the digital frontline. This study builds upon previous research that proved that viewing distressing eyewitness media can lead psychological injury, including, but not restricted to, such conditions as PTSD and major depression. The principle aim of this research is to explore the following questions: How much distressing eyewitness media are professionals, who work in the three professional sectors, watching? How frequently, and in what volumes are professionals viewing distressing eyewitness media? What kinds of eyewitness media do professionals find particularly distressing?" What coping mechanisms, if any, have been developed by staff to help mitigate the potentially negative effects of viewing distressing content? - What support, if any, do professionals receive from their organisations and senior managers? - Does organisational culture encourage or prevent professionals from requesting support from their organisation’s hierarchy? What training and preparation is provided to raise awareness of or mitigate the adverse impact of trauma exposure on university graduates, newcomers and those established in post? What resources do organisations provide to prevent, mitigate and treat the adverse impact of trauma exposure? Which of those resources have been used? Which are found to be the most useful? What do staff who experience vicarious trauma need and expect from their organisations in order to support them? Based on an online survey (to which we received 209 responses from people working with eyewitness media across all three professional sectors) and 38 in-depth, anonymous interviews we find that: the impact of eyewitness media on journalism, human rights and humanitarian work means that the frontline is no longer geographic. A new type of frontline has emerged that is digital. Staff at an organisation’s headquarters who work with eyewitness media do so daily and often see more horror on a daily basis compared to their counterparts deployed in the field. Consequently, organisations have a duty of care towards office based staff working on the digital frontline who are at serious risk of vicarious trauma and PTSD [...] " (Executive summary, page 3-5) more

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Evaluación de riesgos de periodistas de Veracruz

Javier Garza Ramos, Jorge Lius Sierra, Celia Guerrero

Centro Internacional para Periodistas (2015), 14 pp.

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Safety Net Manual: Guidelines for Journalists in Extraordinary or Emergency Situations

Saša Lekovic, Jorgos Papadakis, Slaðana Matejevic

Vienna: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2015), 78 pp.

"This manual contains definitions, advice and practical examples connected to the regular activities of media workers and media outlets in extraordinary situations, like reporting from conflict areas, during demonstrations and social unrest, about natural and other disasters, and reporting under int ... more

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Manual antiespías: Herramientas para la protección digital de periodistas

Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2015), 63 pp.

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60 años de espionaje a periodistas en Colombia: Informe sobre el estado de la libertad de prensa en 2014

Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2015), 106 pp.

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Shooting the Messengers

Barbara Trionfi

British Journalism Review, volume 26, issue 3 (2015), pp. 49-54

"It's going to be hard, but we must keep fighting the gangsters and governments that attack journalists, says a seasoned campaigner." (Abstract)

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World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development: Special Digital Focus 2015
Top Insights

Paris: UNESCO (2015), 197 pp.

"With a focus on online hate speech, protection of journalism sources, the role of internet intermediaries in fostering freedom online, and the safety of journalists, the report highlights the importance of new actors in promoting and protecting freedom of expression online and off-line." (Back cove ... more

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Tendances mondiales en matières de liberté d'expression et de dévelppement des médias: Regards sur le numérique 2015
Top Insights

Paris: UNESCO (2015), 210 pp.

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Hostile Climate for Environmental Journalists

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2015), 27 pp.

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Ukraine: Reporting Conflict. A Practical Guide for Journalists

Thomson Foundation (2015), 18 pp.

"This short booklet aims to provide some pointers and practical advice on how to stay safe while getting closer to the heart of what is going on. It is not an exhaustive guide to reporting conflict but a short introduction to some of the challenges reporters face in a bitterly divided area. Expect t ... more

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Google Scholar (20)

WorldCat (20)

Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States

Jeannine E. Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 19, issue 1 (2014), pp. 108-131

"During President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa’s administration, the military was called on to confront organized crime, and dozens of journalists were killed in Mexico. Attacks on journalists have continued under the new administration. This study focuses on the erosion of the democratic institution ... more

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World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development

Paris: UNESCO (2014), 105 pp.

"The overarching global trend with respect to media freedom, pluralism, independence and the safety of journalists over the past several years is that of disruption and change brought on by technology, and to a lesser extent, the global financial crisis. These trends have impacted traditional econom ... more

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OSCE Safety of Journalists Guidebook

William Horsley

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, 2nd ed. (2014), 98 pp.

"This book sets forth the issues to be considered by the OSCE participating States when evaluating what they can do to improve the climate for journalists in their countries. It also provides a practical guide which presents the steps they can take to ensure a media-friendly environment." (https://w ... more

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Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2013: 68/163. The Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity

United Nations, General Assembly (2014), 3 pp.

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Honduras: Journalism in the Shadow of Impunity

Kaitlin Owens

London: PEN International (2014), 89 pp.

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Towards an effective framework of protection for the work of journalists and an end to impunity. Strasbourg, 3 November 2014: Rapporteur's conclusions

Tarlach McGonagle

Strasbourg: Seminar and Inter-regional Dialogue on the Protection of Journalists; Council of Europe; UNESCO; Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM), University of Sheffield (2014), 15 pp.

"This seminar generated discussions that were as detailed as they were dynamic. The present conclusions attempt to give a representative sense of those discussions rather than a full summary, as such. A wealth of materials – seminar presentations, a full transcript of the discussions and related i ... more

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SaferJourno: Digital Security Resources for Media Trainers

Manisha Aryal, Dylan Jones

Washington, DC; Arcata, Calif.: Internews (2014), 126 pp.

"The six modules [...] are designed to help trainers integrate digital safety and online security topics into their media training. The modules do not assume that the trainer has special knowledge of the subject. While we wrote the toolkit with journalism trainers in mind, we believe that the module ... more

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Belarus: Time for Media Reform. Policy Paper on Media Freedom in Belarus

Andrei Aliaksandrau, Andrei Bastunets

Index on Censorship; Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ) (2014), 27 pp.

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The Campaign for Justice: Press Freedom in South Asia 2013-14

Laxmi Murthy (ed.)

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2014), 81 pp.

World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development: Special Digital Focus 2015 Top Insights

Tendances mondiales en matières de liberté d'expression et de dévelppement des médias: Regards sur le numérique 2015 Top Insights

World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development: Special Digital Focus 2015
Top Insights

Tendances mondiales en matières de liberté d'expression et de dévelppement des médias: Regards sur le numérique 2015
Top Insights