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Media Law & Regulation
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
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Journalism Education & Training
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Journalistic Quality
95
Public Service Broadcasting
94
Media Assistance
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Press Landscapes
68
Radio Landscapes
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Public Media, State Media
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Television Landscapes
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Politics and Media
64
Audiences & Users
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Digital Media Landscapes
58
Media Markets
56
Media & Communication Policies
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Media Ownership
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Access to Media & Information
44
Democracy / Democratization and Media
44
Journalism
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ICT Regulation
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
36
Political Transition and Media
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Television
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Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
31
Radio
31
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
30
News Websites & Portals
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Media Management
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Media Outlets, Media Associations
30
History of Media & Communication
29
Media / Communication Control
28
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
27
Media Use, Media Consumption
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Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
25
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
24
Investigative Journalism
22
Media System Analyses & Typologies
21
Digital Communication, Digital Media
20
News Agencies
18
Press
18
Censorship
17
Development and Media
16
Internet
16
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
16
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
16
Advertising Markets & Industries
15
Social Media
15
Economics of Media
15
Political Economy of Media
15
Newspapers
15
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
14
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
14
Telecommunication Infrastructure
14
Community Radios
13
Research in Media & Communication
13
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
12
Freedom of Expression
12
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
12
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
12
Journalists
12
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
12
Cinema
11
Media Concentration
11
International Communication
11
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
11
Financing Public Service Media
11
Public Service Broadcasting: Contents & Programming
11
Conflicts and Media
10
Ethics in Media & Communication
10
Democracy
10
Advertising
9
Government Communication Strategies
9
Television Markets
9
Globalisation of Media
9
Satellite Television
9
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
9
Political Communication
9
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
8
Press Markets
8
Radio Markets
8
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
8
Television News
8
Public Spheres
8
Communication & Media Indicators
8
Digital Television
8
Information Needs
7
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
7
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
7
Defamation Law & Regulation
7
COVID-19 Communication
7
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
7
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
7
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
7
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
7
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
6
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
6
Alternative Communication & Media
6
Contents of Media
6
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
6
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
6
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
6
Music Industries & Markets
6
Foreign News, International News
6
Election Reporting
6
Local Communication & Media
6
Media, Mass Media
6
Magazines
6
Digital Switchover
6
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
5
Election Campaigns
5
Film Markets
5
Public Relations
5
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
5
Media Industries
5
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
5
'Comparing Media Systems' (Hallin/Mancini, 2004)
5
Influence of Media on Politics
5
Propaganda
5
Society & Media, Media Sociology
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
4
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
4
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
4
Catholic Media
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Digital Media Markets
4
Journalism Ethics
4
Female Journalists & Media Workers
4
History of Radio
4
History of Television
4
History of the Press
4
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
4
News
4
Political Reporting
4
Media Development Indicators
4
Media & Information Literacy
4
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
4
Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
4
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
4
Taliban
4
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
4
Government Advertising, State Advertising
3
Book Publishing
3
Film Industries
3
Community Media
3
Traditional Communication
3
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
3
War Reporting
3
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
3
Social Change & Media / Communication
3
Convergence of Media
3
Internet Markets
3
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
3
Education and Communication / Media
3
Environmental Journalism
3
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
3
World Information and Communication Order
3
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
3
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
Radio News
3
Photojournalism
3
Government & Government Performance: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
3
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
3
Information Ecosystems
3
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
3
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
3
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
3
Religion and Communication
3
Civil Society
3
Al-Jazeera
3
Non-Western Communication Approaches
3
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
2
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
2
Catholic Press
2
Catholic Radios
2
Nollywood
2
Communication Rights
2
Self-Censorship
2
State News Agencies, Government News Agencies
2
NGOs & Civil Society Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Community Newspapers, Community Press
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Media Criticism
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
2
Multicultural Societies, Multiethnic Societies
2
BRICS Countries
2
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
2
Radio for Development
2
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
2
Online Magazines & Newspapers
2
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
2
ICT Industries & Markets
2
Information Society
2
Diaspora Media
2
Disaster Risk & Preparedness Communication, Disaster Prevention Communication
2
Media Commercialisation
2
Television Industries
2
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
2
Educational Broadcasting
2
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
2
Entertainment and Media / Communication
2
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
2
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
2
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
2
Good Practice Examples
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Foreign Correspondents
2
International News Flow
2
Transnational Television, International Television
2
Transnational Communication
2
European Union (EU)
2
Windhoek Declaration on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic Media (UNESCO, 1991)
2
United Nations (UN)
2
Journalistic Skills
2
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Local Press
2
Media Assistance: Criticism, Ideological Backgrounds, Vested Interests
2
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
2
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
2
Media Assistance: Radio
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
2
Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV)
2
Deutsche Welle
2
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
2
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
2
Military
2
Political Systems
2
Hybrid Political Systems
2
Political Transition
2
Public Administration
2
Framing
2
Watchdog Role of the Media
2
Radio Programming, Programme Structures & Schedules
2
Radio Engineering & Technologies
2
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Research Methods
2
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
2
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
2
Computers
2
Satellite Communication & Information Services
2
Telecommunications
2
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
2
SMS
2
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
2
Cable Television
2
Television Channels
2
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
2
Television Programmes & Genres
2
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
2
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
1
Local Advertising & Local Advertising Markets
1
Radio Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Empowerment
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Agriculture
1
Family Farming
1
Forestry, Deforestation, Forest Protection
1
Area & Regional Studies
1
Audience Clubs & Listener Groups
1
Audience Research
1
Media Use: Rural Populations
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Books
1
Book Markets & Industries
1
Bookshops & Bookshop Management
1
Christian Book Publishing
1
Media Events (Events or Activities Hosted Largely with the Media in Mind)
1
Political Campaigns
1
Radio Ecclesia (Luanda, Angola)
1
Catholic Television
1
Catholic Media Organizations
1
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
1
Political Cartoons & Comics
1
Christian Communication
1
Reformed / United Churches
1
Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
1
Bollywood
1
Films
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Television Programme & Format Trade
1
Videos
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Editorial Independence
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Intellectual Property
1
Plagiarism
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Government Propaganda
1
International Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Social Marketing
1
Strategic Communication Planning
1
Community Communication
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Genocides
1
Civil Wars
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Crime & Violence Reporting
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Rumours & Rumour Management
1
Theatre
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Creative & Cultural Industries
1
Cultural Heritage
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Projects (Development Cooperation)
1
Cultural Values
1
Hybrid Cultures, Hybridization
1
Indigenous Language Literature
1
Tales, Legends, Traditional Literary Lore
1
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
1
Museums
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Good Governance
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Development Issues and Development Assistance
1
Western Approaches
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Digital Media Startups
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
1
Internet / ICTs and Social Change
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Online Communication
1
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
1
Online Services
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
ICTs and Development
1
Mobile Phone Markets
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
1
Afro-Latin Americans, Afroamerican Population
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
German-Language Media Abroad
1
Hispanic Americans, Hispanic Media
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Distribution of Media
1
Printing Industries
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Economic Conditions
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Economic Development
1
Educational Television
1
Training Centres
1
Media Assistance: Educational & Instructional Media
1
Media Didactics, Media Use in Education
1
Gaming, Video Games
1
Media Literacy: Gaming
1
Docudrama
1
Environmental & Land Conflicts Reporting & Media Representation
1
Flora & Fauna
1
Bias in News Media
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Health Communication
1
Health Journalism
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
20th century
1
Colonial Legacies
1
Colonial Period
1
History of Media: Colonial Period
1
Precolonial Period
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Globalisation, Globalisation Criticism
1
Image Abroad
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
International Relations
1
Council of Europe
1
UNESCO
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Local Journalism
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
Print Journalism
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Religion: Media Representation
1
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
1
African Languages
1
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
1
Language Policies
1
Insufficient Local Media Ecosystems, "Information Deserts"
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Governance, Accountability, Combating Corruption
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Middle East
1
Media Assistance: Refugees
1
Media Assistance: Television
1
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
1
USA: Media Assistance
1
Communication & Information Needs
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Diffusion of Innovations
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Organizational Communication, Institutional Communication
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Television Policies
1
Media Literacy: Photography
1
Social Media Landscapes
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Customary Law
1
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
1
Ombudsmen
1
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Religious Freedom
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Organisational Development & Capacity Building
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC)
1
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1
Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC)
1
Office de la Radiodiffusion Télévision du Mali (ORTM)
1
Radio Mozambique (RM)
1
Television Mozambique (TVM)
1
Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC)
1
Word Publishing (Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea)
1
Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC)
1
Songs
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
1
Arab Spring (2010-2012)
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Change
1
Political Culture
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Liberalism
1
Populism
1
Political Opposition
1
Political Parties
1
Political Resistance
1
Failed States
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
State
1
Centralization
1
Public Opinion
1
El Espectador (Newspaper, Colombia)
1
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
1
Public & State Radios
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Radio Stations
1
Commercial Radios
1
Media Effects
1
Media Reception
1
Socialization
1
Social Integration: Role of Media
1
Uses-And-Gratifications Approach
1
Islam and Communication
1
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
1
Muslim Media
1
Muslim Television Broadcasting
1
Jewish Media
1
Religious Television Programmes
1
Communication Research Design
1
African Media Barometer (AMB)
1
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
1
Methodological Challenges
1
Countering Discrimination & Racism
1
Society
1
Corruption & Combating Corruption
1
Networks & Networking
1
Population
1
Resilience
1
Social Change
1
Inequalities
1
Social Roles
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Informatics
1
Paper & Paper Production
1
Open Source Software
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Telephone
1
Commercial Television
1
Regional Television
1
Al-Arabiya
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
Al-Manar (Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
Tele Liban (Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
TeleSur (Television Channel)
1
Television Networks
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"With regard to the media, Kosovo has made commendable progress by putting into place a framework of laws, regulatory bodies and educational institutions. However, some media laws need to be fine-tuned, as Kosovo can ill-afforded less than perfect legislation. Insult should be struck out of the defa ... more

Strengthening Liberia's Media: A Review of Media Support in the Post-Conflict Transitional Period and Recommendations for Future Actions

International Media Support (IMS);Article 19;Free Voice;Fondation Hirondelle;International Press Centre (IPC) (2007), 58 pp.

Zwischen Propaganda und Kommerz: Medien(un)freiheit in Südost-, Mittelost- und Osteuropa

Wiesbaden: Netzwerk Recherche;N-ost Netzwerk für Osteuropa-Berichterstattung;Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2007), 113 pp.
"This book examines processes of media change in post-Communist countries. Considerable attention is paid to the general process of transformation before turning to the media in particular. In this reexamination of the media under the Communist system and its role in the transition, the stress is on ... more

Southern African Media Directory 2006/7

Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2006), 164 pp.
"In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Demokratisierung und die Rolle der Medien innnerhalb dieses Prozess auf Taiwan untersucht. Dabei werden die im Westen entwickelten Transitionsansätze angewandt. In der bisherigen Transitionsforschung wurde die Rolle der Medien nur in geringem Maße einbezogen. ... more
"There has been significant growth in media outlets. In the new regime, the relationship between the media and the government has improved greatly. For the media in Tanzania to develop, resource allocation should be considered as a priority. There is a need to look at how much the government and don ... more
"The lack of a consolidated government since the fall of Siyad Barre’s regime in 1991 has led to a proliferation in the number and variety of media sources in Somalia. However, inter-factional violence and conflict has since torn the country apart, creating a difficult environment for media practi ... more
"The liberalisation of airwaves and emerging democratic ideals have been important variables influencing increment in FM stations, new media products, a free press and freedom of expression. Occasional problems between the government and media players arise. The recognition by government of the incr ... more
"Changes have been gradual but the watershed was 1992/4 when the airwaves were liberalised, leading to the mushrooming of media institutions especially in the broadcasting area. In the past five years, the media in Uganda has become more vibrant, more liberated and there has been more freedom of exp ... more
"The media sector has changed in recent years, mostly for the better, through the following media development processes: the 1990 Decree on the liberalisation of the broadcast sector to allow private entrants; significant increase in private radio and television, although licensing is still problema ... more
"The most relevant changes that occurred during the past five years in Sierra Leone are the results of democracy (free and fair elections in 2002) and establishing the Independent Media Commission Act (IMC) of 2000 to help deregulate the formation of new media outlets. The resilience of media practi ... more
"While acknowledging that the situation is not entirely ideal, most of the interviewees believed a lot has been achieved in terms of the development of the media in Mozambique over the past five years. This was mainly due to relatively stable political conditions, underpinned by a liberal constituti ... more
"The media sector in Ghana has witnessed some dramatic, positive changes over the past few years, made possible by the promulgation of the 1992 democratic Constitution and the election in 2000 of President Kufuor’s government. All interviewees agreed that democratisation and the repeal of the Crim ... more
"Relevant changes in Angolan media were noticed in the press. Newspapers grew the most radios grew some, but TV did not grow at all. There are few new media development initiatives known in Angola. The greatest initiative, though still not in effect, is the new Media Law. The growth of the Sindicato ... more
"Overall, South Africa has a relatively vibrant and developing media environment. The 15 interviewees were involved in 37 media development initiatives between them. These development initiatives comprise the following: 12 training initiatives; nine advocacy initiatives; five research initiatives; t ... more
"The changes are mostly of a quantitative nature: proliferation of newspaper publications, an increase in the number of frequencies attributed to radio stations (commercial and community stations). Greater superficiality in the editorial lines of most newspaper publications has also been noted. The ... more
"The past five years have seen a mushrooming of media development organisations and media outlets. The period has also seen greater and better-coordinated civic activism in support of media development. There has generally been a diversity of media content, reflecting the plurality of media outlets. ... more
"There are a number of media players in Zimbabwe, in the private and state media, NGOs and training institutions, who have a keen interest in the development of the media in Zimbabwe. The majority of interviewees see the enactment of Zimbabwe’s media laws as the key change that has taken place ove ... more