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Pakistani Women Journalists: Occupational Hazards in Their Intersectionalities of Gender, Culture and Profession

Haroon ur Rasheed Baloch, Amira Firdaus, Iffat Ali Aksar, Farrah Dina Yusop, Jiankun Gong, Humaira Sharif

Journalism Practice, volume 19, issue 9 (2025), pp. 1986-2002

"Grounded in the intersections of culture, gender and occupation, this paper explores the challenges and barriers faced by “elite” Pakistani women working in a journalistic profession steeped in male dominance shaped by patriarchal values. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with nine ... more

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WorldCat (27)

Navigating Trauma in African Journalism, Volume 2

Chikezie E. Uzuegbunam, Kealeboga Aiseng (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2025), xxiii, 262 pp.

"This second volume focuses on primary trauma experienced by journalists, with a particular focus on the gendered dimensions, as shared by female journalists and researchers. By focusing on female journalists’ firsthand encounters, the book explores the complex psychological, emotional, and profes ... more

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The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Job Satisfaction in Newsrooms

Lindsey E. Blumell, Dinfin Mulupi, Rana Arafat

Journalism Practice, volume 19, issue 5 (2025), pp. 997-1016

"Despite the pervasiveness of workplace sexual harassment, the connection between sexual harassment and job satisfaction in the news industry remains insufficiently researched. This 16-country and one state study (N*=*1583) sampled news personnel from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Arab ... more

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Who Makes the News? Progress on a Plateau. Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) Special Edition: 30-year Findings on Change in Gender Equality In and Through the World News Media
Top Insights

Sarah Macharia, Maximiliano Dueñas Guzmán, Rodrigo Molina et al.

Toronto: World Association of Christian Communication (WACC); Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) (2025), 123 pp.

"This report presents the findings of the seventh iteration of the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) global snapshot, based on 30,049 news articles containing 58,563 people and 26,708 news personnel in 94 countries on the 7th global monitoring day, May 6, 2025. Key Findings: 1. Thirty years a ... go, the report of the first GMMP called for a shift in coverage beyond the male-dominated realms of political and economic power. Not only has the hierarchy of “hard news” in legacy media persisted across time, it has also crossed over into digital outlets. 2. Digitalization did not bring a radical break from the patriarchal norms of traditional journalism. Instead, it continues to reinforce and amplify a news hierarchy that privileges spheres and issues centred on power, namely, those dominated by men. The challenge is threefold. First, to dismantle the “hard news” bias, second, to integrate more intentionally spaces and issues of greater concern to women, and third, to enable visibility and voice to women present in traditionally male-dominated spaces. 3. After a period of slow but steady improvement, progress toward gender parity in the news has flatlined since around 2010, failing to reach 50% in any media type. Thirty years after Beijing, women are 26% of those seen, heard, or spoken about in legacy news (29% on news websites). The needle has shifted 9 points in legacy media since 1995, and 4 points in online news during the past 10 years. Minority groups are five points more likely to be present in digital news than in legacy media. The probability of minority women being featured in the news as the main protagonists or as interviewees is two in a hundred in traditional media (3% for men) and 4% on news websites (5% for men). 4. Women’s visibility in political and economic news beats has increased significantly – by 15 points each – over the past three decades. The severe underrepresentation noted in 1995 (7% in political news, 10% in economic news) has improved. Women’s presence in sports news is abysmal, at only 15% of news subjects and sources. 5. The proportion of women providing expert testimony has grown remarkably over the decades, showing the highest increase (+7 points) in digital news since 2015. In legacy media, the gender gap in authoritative roles as experts and spokespersons has closed at a slower pace than for persons providing testimony based on popular opinion and personal experience – ordinary roles that require no specialized knowledge. 6. Patterns of gender-biased portrayal endure despite decades of change in women’s roles in the real world. Women have remained about twice as likely as men to be portrayed as victims since 2010. Historically, women were most often portrayed as victims of accidents or poverty. This pattern was overturned in 2025, with “other crime” and “domestic violence” (by intimate partners and family members) becoming the top victim categories. Women depicted as survivors in legacy media were most likely to have survived “accidents, natural disasters, poverty, and disease” in previous GMMP studies. In 2025, they are most frequently portrayed as domestic violence survivors in equal proportion to accident/disaster survivors. The over-representation of women as homemakers/parents decreased from 81% in 2000 to 73% in 2025, indicating some progress, albeit a persistent journalistic bias toward defining women by domestic roles, despite women’s current unprecedented engagement in work outside the home. Underrepresentation in occupations and in positions of power has remained consistent. The tendency to describe women by their age and physical attributes has also persisted. They have been photographed more often than men (a 7–9-point difference) over the past two decades, with qualitative analysis continuing to show patterns of sexualised portrayal [...]" (Key findings, pages 2-3) more

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Women Journalists, Proximity Radios and Conflicts in Burkina Faso: Weaving the Social Fabric for Peace

Viviane Schönbächler

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2025), xix, 328 pp.

"This book explores the complex relationships between proximity radio and conflict in Burkina Faso from the perspective of female radio journalists. The study is based on in-depth qualitative field research, including interviews, audio diaries, and radio content analysis, using an analytical framewo ... more

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When Will one Help? Understanding Audience Intervention in Online Harassment of Women Journalists

Shuning Lu, Luwei Rose Luqiu

Journalism Practice, volume 19, issue 3 (2025), pp. 523-541

"While online harassment directed towards women journalists are under wide discussion, the mechanism of audience intervention in stopping online harassment is less explored. Integrating bystander invention, ambivalent sexism, and social identity theories, we propose and test an integrative framework ... more

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Inspiring the Next Generation of Independent Media in Pakistan. Final Evaluation Report

Saeed Ullah Khan, Mahe Nau Haider, Tehreem Tussaud, Zara Naveed, Aaftab Ullah et al.

Search for Common Ground; GLOW Consultants (2023), 34 + xiii pp. (annexes)

"The project design, interventions, and targeting in the two provinces of Pakistan aligned with the challenging context, especially in high-risk border districts with Afghanistan. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, where conflict dynamics and security challenges are prevalent, the project is hig ... hly relevant. It offers a platform for youth and women journalists to report on conflict-related issues, enriching public discourse. The evolving media landscape in these regions, marked by increased demand for diverse voices, makes the project's empowerment of underrepresented groups crucial. Focusing on youth and women journalists, the project provides training, resources, and support tailored to their unique needs. It prioritizes inclusivity by considering gender and ethnic diversity, contributing to a pluralistic media landscape. By empowering these journalists to report on conflict and peacebuilding, the project aligns with the region's needs and furthers local perspectives on peace solutions. The project's effectiveness can be assessed in terms of its objectives, capacity-building impact, promotion of conflict-sensitive journalism, and fostering a safer, more inclusive environment for women journalists. This effectiveness was maintained despite a shift in implementation modality and a no-cost extension. Training and mentorship led to improved skills and balanced reporting on conflict-related issues, fulfilling the primary objective of responsible journalism. The project enhanced the capacity of press clubs, journalists, and universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, fostering openness and collaboration. By incorporating conflict-sensitive journalism into curricula, the project enriched journalism education and training. The project cultivated ethical reporting, sensitivity to local contexts, and diverse perspectives, contributing to understanding and peace. It empowered women journalists to work safely and independently, gaining industry support and increasing their professional capabilities. Intermediate impact assessments highlight the positive influence on the professional lives of women and youth journalists, their prominent roles in the media, and the integration of conflict sensitivity in journalism practices in target regions. The project improved job prospects, self-confidence, and balanced reporting for many participants. It promoted the active participation of youth and women in the media sector, breaking gender and age barriers. Journalists adopted a more responsible approach to conflict-related reporting, showing increased awareness of their impact on tensions. The project fostered a supportive community of practice, encouraged discussion on the media's role in peace-building, and addressed potential risks faced by women journalists. To ensure project sustainability, capacity-building, mentorship, and stakeholder engagement are prioritized. Skills and knowledge are imparted to journalists, press club members, and faculty to continue promoting conflict-sensitive journalism. Mentorship relationships will persist, with experienced journalists guiding emerging talents. Local partners, universities, press clubs, and media houses have embraced the project's initiatives, ensuring their longevity. Universities have incorporated conflict-sensitive journalism into curricula, and press clubs provide enduring platforms for collaboration and professional growth. Government support for ethical journalism and inclusivity indicates a long-term commitment to the project's principles and objectives." (Conclusions, page 32) more

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Making the Invisible Visible. Guideline 2: Advocating on Emblematic Cases of Attacks Against Journalists Using an Intersectional Gender Approach

Article 19 (2022), 21 pp.

"This document is the second of a set of three practical guidelines that provide recommendations for considering an intersectional gender approach when: monitoring and documenting attacks against journalists and social communicators (Guideline 1); advocating on emblematic cases for advocacy (this Gu ... more

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Gender-Sensitive Safety Policies for Newsrooms: Guidelines and Checklist

Paris: UNESCO (2021), 10 pp.

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Who Makes the News? 6th Global Media Monitoring Project

Sarah Macharia (ed.)

Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP); World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) (2021), v, 157 pp.

"At the global average level, mainstream news media are currently at the midway point to gender parity in subjects and sources. Between 2015 and 2020, the needle edged one point forward to 25% in the proportion of subjects and sources who are women. The single point improvement is the first since 20 ... more

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Handbook on Working Towards Gender Equality in the Media
Top Insights

Greta Gober

International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT), 2nd ed. (2019), 110 pp.

"The Handbook showcases IAWRT members’ experiences and best practices for working towards advancing gender equality in and on the media in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, India and Uganda." (Publisher description)

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Byte Back: A Journalists' Guide to Combat Cyber Harassment in South Asia

Geeta Seshu, Laxmi Murthy

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ); South Asia Media Solidarity Network (SAMSN) (2017), 8 pp.

"[...] This is a guide to provide support and advice based on shared experience of others worldwide and includes handy links to other research and IFJ resources. With courage, wit and sheer determination, we’ve seen many journalists demonstrate how to take on trolls, call them out, respond to pate ... more

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What if ...? Safety Handbook for Women Journalists: Practical Advice Based on Personal Experience

Abeer Saady

International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT) (2017), 89 pp.

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Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales
Key Guidance

Article 19; World Press Photo (2015), 108 pp.

"Esta guía pretende proveer los elementos necesarios para establecer un protocolo de seguridad en una diversidad de contextos; así como recomendaciones prácticas para hacer frente a diversas situaciones. La guía está enfocada en todos los periodistas visuales, en particular aquellos que trabaja ... more

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Guía de protección y prevención de la violencia contra mujeres periodistas en los ámbitos profesional y laboral

Arturo Márquez Murrieta, Mauricio Márquez Murrieta, Daniela Hernández Miranda

Xalapa, Veracruz: Secretaria de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL); Institutio Nacional de Desarrollo Social (Indesol); Instituto Veracruzano de las Mujeres (IVM) (2013), 61 pp.

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Gender Profile of the Ukrainian Media

Zoia Krasovska, Lisa Kuzmenko, Tetiana Avdieieva

Women in Media (2025), 39 pp.

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No Women, no Peace: Media's Role in the Women, Peace and Security Agenda

Malin Palm, Laura Gil (eds.)

International Media Support (IMS) (2025), 43 pp.

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Women and Leadership in the News Media 2025: Evidence from 12 Markets

Amy Ross Arguedas, Mitali Mukherjee, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2025), 11 pp.

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‘So, we have occupied TikTok’: Ukrainian women in #ParticipativeWar

Øyvind Kalnes, Nina M. Bjørge

Media, War & Conflict (2025), 18 pp.

"This study discusses the use of TikTok during the war that began with the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022. TikTok has been the fastest growing social media channel and is known for its young user base. Although associated with lifestyle and light entertainment, it also become an importan ... more

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A Gender Analysis of the Media Landscape in Yemen

Aida Al-Kaisy

International Media Support (IMS) (2024), 43 pp.

Who Makes the News? Progress on a Plateau. Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) Special Edition: 30-year Findings on Change in Gender Equality In and Through the World News Media Top Insights

Handbook on Working Towards Gender Equality in the Media Top Insights

Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales Key Guidance

Who Makes the News? Progress on a Plateau. Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) Special Edition: 30-year Findings on Change in Gender Equality In and Through the World News Media
Top Insights

Handbook on Working Towards Gender Equality in the Media
Top Insights

Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales
Key Guidance