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EU Support to Media in the Western Balkans

European Commission (2019), 2 pp.

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A definition of AI: Main capabilities and scientific disciplines

High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence

European Commission (2019), 7 pp.

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Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI

High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence

European Commission (2019), 39 pp.

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Evaluation of the Implementation of the Alliance to Better Protect Minors Online: Final Report

Vanessa Ludden, Fredrik Albert Hahn, Angeli Jeyarajah

Ramboll Management Consulting;European Commission (2019), 163 pp.

"This study evaluates the implementation of the Alliance to better protect minors online (‘the Alliance’). Officially launched in 2017, the Alliance is a multi-stakeholder platform through which companies make a series of commitments to address emerging risks that minors face online. The initiat ... more

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Telecommunications Reclaimed: A Hands-On Guide to Networking Communities
Key Guidance

Melanie Dulong de Rosnay, Félix Tréguer (eds.)

Internet Society (2019), 255 pp.

"This book is a guide on how to build a community network, a shared local telecommunications infrastructure, managed as a commons, to access the internet and other digital communications services. It was written collectively by a group of community network pioneers in Europe, activists and researche ... more

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Commission Decisions on State Aid to the Press

European Commission (2018), 3 pp.

"A list of 30 EU member states' national media support projects between 2005 and 2018 "where the European Commission, after a preliminary examination, finds that no doubts are raised as to the com ... more

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Tackling Online Disinformation: A European Approach

Brussels: European Commission (2018), 16 pp.

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European Film and Television Co-Production: Policy and Practice

Julia Hammett-Jamart, Petar Mitric, Eva Novrup Redvall (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), xxiii, 365 pp.

"This volume offers an up-to-date analysis of film and television co-production in Europe. It brings together the voices of policy professionals, industry practitioners and media industry scholars to trace the contours of a complex practice that is of increasing significance in the global media land ... more

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Regulatory Authorities for Electronic Media and Media Literacy: Comparative Analysis of the Best European Practices

Robert Tomljenovic

Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing (2018), 74 pp.

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Demonising the Media: Threats to Journalists in Europe

European Commission (2018), 15 pp.

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Innovative Dissemination Methods: Good Practices and Lessons Learned

European Commission (2018), 103 pp.

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What Role Can Drama Play in Conflict? A Radio Drama for Syria: Qualitative Research Findings

Sally Gowland

London: BBC Media Action (2018), 5 pp.

"Against the backdrop of the war in Syria BBC Media Action produced and broadcast 150 episodes of the radio drama Hay el Matar (Airport District) between 2015 and 2017. Funded by the European Commission ... more

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Challenges to Media Freedom: A view from Europe

Eugenia Siapera, Chiara Sighele

Infoamérica: Iberoamerican Communication Review, volume 11 (2018), pp. 129-146

"The ability of the media and especially journalism to operate freely is crucial in order on the one hand to hold governments and other institutions accountable for their actions and on the other to allow citizens to make informed decisions. To discuss the current state of affairs for media and jour ... more

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European and International Media Law

Jan Oster

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2017), lxx, 583 pp.

"This book is the first to incorporate current academic literature on European, transnational, and international media law into a comprehensive overview intended primarily for students. It introduces the legal framework for globalised communication ... more

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EU Support to Media in the Eastern Partner Countries

European Commission, Eastern Partnership (2017), 2 pp.

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Case Study on ICT and Human Rights (Policies of EU)

Rikke Frank Jørgensen, Anja Møller Pedersen, Wolfgang Benedek, Reinmar Nindler

European Commission (2017), x, 95 pp.

"The first part of the study focuses on the EU’s internal policies in the field of online content regulation. Drawing on case-studies of three EU directives – Directive 2000/31/EC on e-commerce, Directive 2011/93/EU on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child porn ... ography and Directive 2004/48/EC on intellectual property rights enforcement – the study seeks to illustrate how dealing with alleged illegal content through blocking, filtering and take-down of content within co- and self-regulatory frameworks shaped around ‘Internet intermediaries’ challenge freedom of expression and information. The directives presuppose, accept or encourage self-regulation and, combined with schemes of limited liability, subject the intermediaries to an increasing pressure to implement public policy in the online domain. However, these practices and their limitations to freedom of expression are rarely framed as human rights issues, nor do they have the required safeguards. Based on analysis of the EU directives, the study explores the weaknesses – seen from a human rights perspective – of the European approach towards tackling illegal content on the Internet. The study provides a number of suggestions to ensure that the EU addresses the human rights implications of co- and self-regulation, including the strengthening of safeguards and guidance for Member States and intermediaries to implement the said EU policy. Also, the study calls for a comprehensive EU freedom of expression and information framework, covering both its internal and external policy. In line with this, the EU should consider the freedom of expression and information implications of current and new policies when reviewing them according to the Digital Single Market Strategy. The second part addresses the external policies of the EU with a focus on the protection and support of Human Rights Defenders using digital means (‘Digital Defenders’). For this purpose, EU policies and instruments of relevance for Digital Defenders are analysed, including the implementation of the Internet Freedom Strategy and the No Disconnect Strategy. The programmes under the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights are reviewed with respect to their relevance for human rights activities online, taking into account the recent EU Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline. This part of the study also explores the related issues of the safety of journalists (which are often citizen journalists), export control of surveillance technology by the EU Member States and the cooperation with other international organisations active in the field of online rights. Proposals are offered on how to improve the general environment for Digital Defenders and their right to freedom of expression and information, and how to improve the coherence of EU action in this field. The newly created Human Rights Defenders Mechanism can play a pivotal role in this regard, as could updated EU Guidelines on human rights defenders." (Executive summary) more

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ECRI General Policy Recommendation No. 15 on Combating Hate Speech. Adopted on 8 December 2015

Strasbourg: Council of Europe;European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) (2016), 65 pp.

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Media Pluralism and Democracy

TNS opinion & social

European Commission (2016), 50 pp.

"The majority think their national media provide a diversity of views, but most say it is not free from political or commercial pressures. Two thirds of respondents (66%) agree that their national media provide a diversity of views and opinions, and the majority in all but one Member State agree (Gr ... more

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Baseline Assessment of the “Guidelines for EU Support to Media Freedom and Media Integrity in the Enlargement Countries 2014-20”

Pam van de Bunt, Davor Glavas, Tihomir Loza, Enton Dimni, Dijan Albayrak

European Commission;Particip (2015), 99, 173 pp.

"For this assessment more than 390 surveys were made in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey [...] In addition to the survey a further 150 in-depth interviews were held, complemented by a Focus Group in each country, which ... more

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Pluralism with Little Diversity: The South African Experience of Media Transformation

Jane Duncan

In: Media Pluralism and Diversity: Concepts, Risks and Global Trends

Peggy Valcke; Miklós Sükösd; Robert G. Picard (eds.)

London: Palgrave Macmillan (2015), pp. 237-251

"This chapter explores the South African experience in attempting to achieve a more diverse and representative media that articulate the aspirations of the country, after decades of apartheid which skewed the media towards white people. South Africa has not developed a diversity measurement tool, su ... more

Telecommunications Reclaimed: A Hands-On Guide to Networking Communities Key Guidance

Telecommunications Reclaimed: A Hands-On Guide to Networking Communities
Key Guidance