"Foreign programmes of 13 radio stations broadcasting daily to Yugoslavia were chosen in order to test the initial hypothesis of ideological determination of external radio propaganda, which was operationalized by a set of subhypotheses. There are, in fact, 15 foreign broadcasting stations in 14 cou
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ntries regularly beaming their daily programmes to Yugoslavia in the languages of the Yugoslav nations, but two of them were not included in the analysis because of monitoring difficulties (Radio Madrid) and because the content was too specific (Radio Vatican). The week between Sunday, 9 September and Saturday, 15 September 1973 was chosen for the content analysis of 13 foreign radio programmes in the Serbo-Croat language, a total amount of 7,700 minutes. In addition, External Services of Radio Belgrade (Yugoslavia) were included in the analysis in order to compare foreign programmes with the Yugoslav ones. The findings of this empirical research confirm the significance of the ideological dimension of propaganda, which stood out in the sample of radio propaganda stations as a particular factor having the largest discriminatory power (the “ideological factor” explained the largest part of common variance in the five-dimensional factor space). The frequency of appearance of symbols, the fact that they either appear or do not, and particularly their explicit evaluation in the analysed messages, are those basic characteristics of propaganda which make it possible to distinguish clearly between various sorts of propaganda on the basis of its value and prescriptive orientation. The results indicate a class-ideological determination of foreign radio programmes, in which the stations of the socialist countries do not coincide with the evaluative orientation of Radio Belgrade, as representative of the Yugoslav media. The analysis revealed five typical clusters of broadcasting stations, three generated by western and two by eastern stations: (1) Moscow and Sofia, (2) Peking and Tirana, (3) Deutsche Welle and Deutschlandfunk, (4) BBC, Paris, and Voice of America, (5) Athens and Voice of Turkey." (Conclusion, page 48)
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"This report is the outcome of an expert mission, undertaken at the request of several Member States in the African region, by Unesco with the co-operation of the International Telecommunication Union and the Economic Commission for Africa. The mis
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sion approached its task from the point of view of the economic feasibility of a regional satellite broadcasting system. By studying educational needs and costs, and projections of population and gross national product; believing that the massive use of television would be necessary to solve the problems of education and information dissemination in the region; having estimated the costs of the various components of a system for television distribution by satellite - the mission evolved a model of a system which met the criteria it established. The report describes that model and mentions a number of variations to it and a possible phased implementation. As the mission itself points out, the report is not to be construed as a recommendation for an African satellite system, but assesses the potentialities of this new technology in the African context, and identifies some possible options worth detailed investigation." (Foreword)
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"The intention of this publication is to provide practical advice and guidance on the use of radio and television broadcasting in adult education. It is addressed to educational planners and administrators, educators responsible for curriculum development and teaching methodology, field-work organiz
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ers, as well as broadcasting administrators and producers. Its main interest will be for readers in those countries where the use of radio and television for adult education is still in its introductory stages. The conclusions of a meeting of experts on the use of mass media in adult education organized by Unesco in November 1967 state that: ‘There is convincing evidence from projects in many parts of the world that the mass media can be effectively applied to the development of resources to meet basic economic, social, educational and cultural needs. Experience to date is sufficient proof, and the urgency of extending the scale and effectiveness of adult education is so great that the emphasis should be placed on the massive application of known media of communication to the priority tasks of all countries.’ This handbook is an attempt to sum up practical experience gained so far in planning, initiating and operating projects of various types in different countries and regions." (Preface)
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"Gives information on the uses of radio and TV in connection with literacy work in 40 countries in various parts of the world." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 706)
"This, one of the earliest studies on the subject, is a report of a symposium conducted by 23 specialists in various disciplines of the social sciences who represent 18 countries. Emphasis is worldwide as members attempt to answer three questions: (1) What is meant by violence? (2) What is commonly
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assumed and what is actually known about the relation between violence in the mass media and violence in real life? (3) How can the media carry out their traditional mission of informing, educating, and entertaining in such a way that their influence will tend to reduce rather than increase violence? The developing countries come in for special attention. Discussion centers around structure and theory rather than empirical studies." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 56)
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"One of the significant approaches to the problem of reducing international tensions and thus liberating forces for economic and social development has been the phenomenal increase in recent years in international exchanges. These have been defined in the
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Unesco Handbook of International Exchanges as "the movement of persons, materials and information across frontiers in such a way as to communicate ideas and knowledge by word or image". The notion of exchange, it goes on, 'împlies some degree of reciprocity, in the sense that there are two or more partners in the process and that they have a more or less mutual effect on each other, but it does not necessarily imply an exact head-to-head accounting of persons sent and received". The magnitude of exchange activity is also indicated in this publication which provides information on the activities of 295 international organizations and over 4, 750 governmental and non-governmental agencies and institutions. It also lists no fewer than 4, 600 bilateral and multilateral agreements. While these agreements are primarily the concern of the nations themselves, Unesco and other international organizations can make an important contribution to the developing strategy for surmounting the obstacles to international understanding and co-operation. The present publication attempts to describe both the needs and the difficulties in the development of cultural co-operation as well as Unesco's efforts in this field." (Introduction)
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"This book is intended to serve a number of purposes: For those concerned in management, it provides ideas about the use of radio in Africa and a guide to the development of staff and staff training programmes. For instructors and training officers, it offers source material for lectures and demonst
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rations and help in working out training projects. In the early chapters many questions are raised which can be used as the basis of class discussions. Discussion of ideas is valuable: it stimulates thinking and gives the instructor a chance to find out whether his ideas are getting through. For senior producers who may have trainees to supervise but little time to spend with them, this book may provide what is needed for assignment work. It will be useful also for working broadcasters with little or no access to training facilities and for students of broadcasting it provides a course manual. Outside contributors interested in radio, teachers and discussion group leaders can learn from it something about how radio and radio programming works." (How to use this book)
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"In this booklet, we describe in some detail the successful Liberian experiment, and suggest ways in which other countries may organize a similar project through their Information Ministry or other development agency. The third part of the booklet, is a simple "how-to-do-it guide for the editor/publ
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isher of a mimeo newspaper It is, in fact, an elementary manual for the journalist who has had no professional experience, and is in a form suitable for reprinting and wide distribution to the staffs of the rural papers. The mimeo newspaper is, admittedly, a rudimentary form of publishing, technically limited by the capacity of the equipment used. It is none the less significant for all that, and in passing, it should be noted that with skill and care, a professional looking paper can be produced. The important thing, however, is that this method of production enables a means of expression and establishes a small business enterprise, years before it would be economically possible with conventional printing plant. On the basis of the Liberian experience, it is estimated that a paper could be established with an initial outlay of as little as $100, and that it could provide a living for its owner/editor from the outset. This is a beginning from which a publisher and a community might aspire to progress until the time when a printed broadsheet can be produced by a professional staff on a modern printing plant." (Preface)
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"As the title indicates, this is a general catalogue of Unesco publications and Unesco-sponsored publications —The catalogue contains over 2500 entries, arranged according to a general plan (CDU
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), with an eye to economy of lay-out and ease of reference — Any printed publication containing at least 16 pages in any of its language versions has been included — Offprints and extracts from publications have not been included — Since Unesco documents, unlike publications proper, are usually printed only in limited quantities, they also have been excluded — List of publications — List of filmstrips and art slides — General index (authors, titles, series titles) — List of publishers — List of national distributors." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 407, topic code 08)
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"L'essor de l'enseignement et de la formation professionnelle en matière de journalisme — La contribution de l'Unesco — Les centres de Strasbourg, Quito, Dakar, Manille — L'Institut de Beyrouth. Aussi: Interstages (Bruxelles), n° 53, ler ja
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nvier 1969, pp. 1-8; Extrait de Chronique de l'Unesco, vol. 14, n° 11., novembre 1968." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 2310, topic code 163.20)
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"A historically important document, this was one of the earliest studies on publishing and book development in Africa. It consists of a report of a meeting of experts on book development in Africa, convened by UNESCO and held in Accra in February 1
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968. Delegates to the conference examined in detail the problems facing book development in Africa, looking at the role of books in economic and social development, suggesting measures to promote book production in the general and educational publishing sectors, as well as considering aspects such as the distribution, promotion, and the international flow of books." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3rd. ed. 2008, nr. 321)
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