"The current UIS Questionnaire on Media Statistics provides information for three UNESCO frameworks, namely the Media and Information Literacy Framework, the Media Development Indicators Framework and the Framework for Cultural Statistics. The questionnaire collects data for reporting global progres
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s on Action Lines C2, C3, C8 and C9 of the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) in UNESCO’s fields of competencies. In particular, Action Line C9 recommends appropriate policies to foster and sustain media and information development. This document provides country profiles for each of the countries that participated in the two pilot surveys conducted in 2011 and 2012." (Background, page 3)
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"This cultivation study examined the effects of South Korean soap operas on Vietnamese female audiences. It also assessed cultivation effects in combination with the theory of reasoned action. Based on a survey of 439 female viewers, it explicated the link between South Korean soap opera consumption
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and the emergent phenomenon of transnational marriages involving Vietnamese women and South Korean men. Cultivation effects were confirmed in an international setting. Results also have important real-world implications." (Abstract)
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"Vietnamese are avid news consumers; nine in 10 (89.8%) say they access news at least daily, while 93.9% do so at least once a week. Weekly access to TV news varies little by gender, education or urban vs. rural residence. This in part reflects the finding that televisions are ubiquitous throughout
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the country, including in both urban (98.6%) and rural (97.0%) households. Even among Vietnamese with no formal education or those who say they are finding it “very difficult” to get by on their current income, at least nine in 10 have a TV in their homes (96.0% and 90.4%, respectively). By contrast, radio and computer ownership, as well as home Internet access, are more common among Vietnamese at higher socioeconomic levels. Not only are televisions nearly universal in Vietnamese households; almost all adults (97.1%) say they use TV at least weekly to get news. Word-of-mouth and SMS/text messaging are the next most commonly used means for receiving news, though much of this news is personal in nature. Just over one-quarter of Vietnamese overall use radio, the Internet and print media. Though radio use is comparable in rural areas and cities, urban Vietnamese are more likely to get news weekly online or via newspapers and magazines. Weekly use of radio for news is equally common among urban (28.0%) and rural (27.7%) areas, but rises to about one-third (34.3%) among Vietnamese with at least a high school education. Not surprisingly, past-week use of the Internet for news is more common in urban (36.1%) than rural (22.3%) areas and trends sharply upward with education. A majority (56.3%) of Vietnamese with a high school education or more have gone online for news in the past week. Among Hanoi residents with at least a high school education, that figure rises to 64.8%; in Ho Chi Minh City, it is 71.3%." (Page 1)
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"ICT Development for Social and Rural Connectedness provides an introduction to the concept of 'connectedness', and explores how this socio-psychological term has evolved during the age of the Internet. The book surveys the principles of ICT for development (ICTD), and closely examines how ICT has p
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layed a pivotal role in the rural community development of various countries. To highlight the continued benefits of ICT in these regions, the book presents an in-depth case study that analyzes the connectedness within the rural internet centers of Malaysia." (Publisher description)
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"Exploring communication ecologies rather than discrete communication practices remains a difficult challenge. Indonesia: Crisis Communication Channels is one of the early attempts to develop this practice, with case-study examples [...] The three case-study disasters are: Jakarta’s January 2013 f
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loods; the ongoing low-level Rokatenda volcano eruption on Palue Island in Sikka Regency, Flores, eastern Indonesia (beginning late 2012); Aceh’s April 2012 earthquake and tsunami warning. The case studies were selected to examine crisis communication across a range of contexts: urban and rural; areas with extensive infrastructure and without; disaster with local and national profiles, and in locations with extensive preparedness efforts and without." (Page 4)
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"This paper investigates whether exposure to "edutainment" (education - entertainment) radio leads to improved women's status and primary school participation. Specifically, I examine a popular radio station focusing on gender issues in Cambodia. To identify the effect, I exploit plausible exogenous
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variation in over-the-air signal strength between radio transmitters and villages within a district, as well as the variation across time and space in exposure. Using individual data, both approaches show that the exposure had a significant impact on behavior by raising the women's decision-making power within the household and increasing children's primary school attendance. The latter impact is also reflected by higher primary school enrollment three years after exposure. The impact was found in both poor and rural households confirming that radio is an efective vehicle to transmit information in the more marginalized areas. Suggestive evidence shows that the exposure also affected attitudes towards domestic violence and the prevalence of son preference which is a stepping stone towards changing socially constructed gender norms." (Abstract)
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"Libraries, telecenters, and cybercafés play a critical role in extending the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to a diverse range of people worldwide. However, their ability to contribute to development agendas has come into question in recent times. The Global Impact S
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tudy was designed to address this debate by generating evidence about the scale, character, and impacts of public access ICTs in eight countries: Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Lithuania, the Philippines, and South Africa. This report summarizes the study’s key findings, situating public access in the context of national development, discussing some disputed issues, and providing recommendations for policymakers, public access practitioners and researchers. The results show that a central impact of public access is the promotion of digital inclusion through technology access, information access, and development of ICT skills. Both users and non-users report positive impacts in various social and economic areas of their lives." (Abstract)
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"Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In contrast to the more economically and politically oriented approach in traditional views on sustainable development, the central idea in alternative, more partic
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ipatory and culturally oriented versions is that there is no universal development model which leads to sustainability at all levels of society and the world. Communication for sustainable social change advocates for an integral, multidimensional and dialectic process that can differ from society to society, community to community, and context to context. This book presents a number of fascinating case studies on the Asian and African perspectives, which asserts the latest challenges in both theoretical and applied areas." (Publisher description)
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"Burma s media environment is underdeveloped and firmly anchored in old media, but changes have started. Radio is the most used media for entertainment and news in Burma, and domestic outlets have expanded rapidly in recent years. Television s growth in urban areas has been striking in recent years.
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A very limited number of private players have gained market access, tapping into a deep desire for entertainment, religion, and "news you can use." Burmese are cautious but appear to trust local media more than in the past. Web and mobile infrastructure lags with slow connections and low use. Mobile phone growth potential is high." (Conclusions, page 52)
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"This article explores the links between transnational media flows and social and political change in authoritarian regimes through a conjunctural study of Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), a Burmese exile media organization. Drawing on observation and interviews conducted at DVB's Oslo studio during
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the 2010 elections in Burma as well as documentary research, the article explores how diasporic media may contribute to democratization in a military regime where press freedoms and political expression are severely curtailed. The first section draws on Appadurai's theory of global flows to scrutinize transnational flows of people, capital, media, ideas and technology contributing to DVB's operations from 1992 to 2010. The next section engages with theories of media and democracy in order to examine DVB's innovative satellite television coverage of the 2010 elections. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the ongoing relevance of opposition media based outside of Burma amid liberalization measures undertaken by Thein Sein's nominally civilian government in 2011." (Abstract)
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"The first "theoretical perspectives" section has opinions and research articles by academic scholars and expert practitioners on new media and communication Issues and trends in Asia. Some of the topics covered include the dynamics arising out of the shift to the 'digilogue', mobile activism, corpo
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rate social responsibility, the television news industry, and state of development communication among other issues. The second section has 26 country profiles from all over the Asia-Pacific region. For the first time, Australia and New Zealand have been added to this edition. Each country chapter provides a snapshot into the communication and media landscape and includes a brief historical geography, political structure, economic indicators, and a more detailed media landscape. The media landscape profiles the current media and communication scene in the country, including the latest on the journalism, print media, broadcast media (radio, television, cinema), telecommunications, the Internet, new media, advertising, media training and media law sections. Statistical tables in each section present updated, key concise data for that country." (Back cover)
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"Ruling elites often try to co-opt civil society groups, and in times of political or military crises they can attempt to control the national information infrastructure. But a defining feature of civil society is independence from the authority of the state, even in countries such as Saudi Arabia a
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nd Egypt. And in important ways, digital communication networks are also independent of any particular state authority. What has been the impact of digital media on political communication in Muslim media systems? How have tools such as mobile phones and the internet affected the process of forming political identity, particularly for the young? When do such tools change the opportunity for civic action, and when do they simply empower ruling elites to be more effective censors? In this chapter, we analyze the best available micro-level data on technology use and changing patterns of political identity and macro-level data on networks of civil society actors." (Introduction)
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"This report summarises the presentations and recommendations made at the Conference on Media Development in Myanmar organised by the Myanmar Ministry of Information and Culture and UNESCO in cooperation with International Media Support (IMS) and Canal France International with support from the Gove
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rnments of Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The conference, held on 19–20 March 2012 in Yangon was historic as it was among the first of its kind to be held specifically on media development in Myanmar. The conference brought together a wide spectrum of Myanmar and international media specialists and media support organisations, donors and Myanmar government representatives to discuss media development and the way forward for the Fourth Estate in Myanmar. One aspect that set the conference apart was the involvement of members of the Myanmar exile media, including Mizzima, Democratic Voice of Burma, and Irrawaddy Magazine. Their presence indicated a major shift in the government’s attitude towards press freedom and a commitment to media reform." (Introduction, page 6)
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"Conclusions: Television remains the most important medium by far, both in terms of overall reach and as a news source. Internet access - heavily driven by mobile take-up - has reached critical mass, especially among key demographics. This phenomenon is national in nature and not just confined to mo
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re affluent urban areas. Given the heavy reliance on mobile for Internet access; Internet content needs to work well on mobile platforms. Any communications strategy for Indonesia has to take into account the large and growing role of social media, especially among the young." (Slide 40)
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