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Topics
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
31
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
23
Media Law & Regulation
16
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
15
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
13
Journalism Education & Training
12
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
10
Book Trade & Distribution
8
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
8
Book Publishing
7
Freedom of Expression
7
Community Radios
7
Libraries
7
Female Journalists & Media Workers
7
Media Assistance
7
Press Landscapes
7
Radio Landscapes
7
Television Landscapes
7
Democracy / Democratization and Media
7
Book Markets & Industries
6
Censorship
6
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
6
Digital Political Communication
6
Facebook
6
ICT Policies
6
Associations & Networks of Journalists
6
Journalistic Quality
6
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
6
Newspapers
6
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
5
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
5
Media Use, Media Consumption
5
Book Publishing Houses
5
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
5
Self-Censorship
5
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
5
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
5
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
5
Internet
5
Twitter & Microblogs
5
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
5
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
5
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
5
Educational Television
5
Journalism Ethics
5
Health Communication
5
HIV / AIDS Communication
5
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
5
Media Management
5
Magazines
5
Public Media, State Media
5
Telecommunication Infrastructure
5
Non-Western Communication Approaches
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
4
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
4
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
4
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
4
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
4
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
4
War Reporting
4
Development and Media
4
Digital Media Landscapes
4
ICT Regulation
4
Diaspora Media
4
International Humanitarian Crisis Reporting, Foreign Disaster Reporting
4
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
4
COVID-19 Communication
4
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
4
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
4
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
4
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
4
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
4
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
4
Election Campaigns: Social Media
4
Islam and Communication
4
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
4
Audiences & Users
3
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
3
Mobile Phone Use
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
3
Catholic Church
3
Film Industries
3
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
3
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
3
Media / Communication Control
3
Government Communication Strategies
3
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
3
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
3
Creative & Cultural Industries
3
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
3
Edutainment Radio Programmes
3
Influence of Media on Development Aid
3
Digital Inclusion
3
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
3
Social Media
3
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
3
Gender and ICTs / Internet
3
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
3
ICT Industries & Markets
3
ICT Indicators
3
Famines: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
3
Media Markets
3
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
3
Health Campaigns: Experiences
3
Image Abroad
3
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
3
Journalists
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Media & Communication Policies
3
Media & Information Literacy
3
Politics and Media
3
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
3
Propaganda
3
Public Service Broadcasting
3
Religion and Communication
3
Youth, Adolescents
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
2
Agricultural Information & Extension
2
Area & Regional Studies
2
Audience Clubs & Listener Groups
2
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
2
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
2
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
2
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
2
Christian Book Publishing
2
Indigenous Language Book Publishing
2
Muslim Book Publishing
2
Church History
2
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
2
Christian Radio Programmes
2
African Cinema
2
Media Assistance: Film Funding
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Editorial Independence
2
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Theatre for Development
2
Development Assistance
2
Democracy Assistance
2
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
2
Edutainment Health Programmes
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Digital & Information Literacy
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Internet Markets
2
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
2
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
2
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICTs and Development
2
Information Society
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
2
Infectious Diseases' Outbreak Communication
2
Economics of Media
2
Media Ownership
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
2
Educational Broadcasting
2
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
2
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
2
Defamation Law & Regulation
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Self-Regulation of Media
2
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
2
Feminism & Communication
2
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
2
Food / Nutrition Communication & Media Representation
2
Health Journalism
2
Health Radio Programmes
2
International Communication
2
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
2
China: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
2
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
2
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Foreign Television Programmes
2
Globalisation of Media
2
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
2
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
2
China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
2
Journalism
2
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
2
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
2
News Agencies
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Election Reporting
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Linguistic Diversity: Internet & Digital Media
2
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Democracy Assistance: Human Rights Assistance
2
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
2
Media Outlets, Media Associations
2
Diasporas
2
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
2
Music
2
Photography
2
Democracy Assistance: Electoral Assistance
2
Political Transition and Media
2
Watchdog Role of the Media
2
Radio
2
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
2
Television
2
Television Programmes & Genres
2
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Open Data
1
Advertising
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Advertising Planning & Implementation
1
Merchandising & Social Merchandising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Youth
1
Celebrity Humanitarianism
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Agriculture
1
Agricultural Development & Policies
1
Agricultural Radio Programmes
1
Agriculture & ICTs, e-Agriculture
1
Environmental & Land Conflicts
1
Land Property, Land Grabbing, Land Reforms
1
Audience Research
1
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
1
Health Information Access & Use
1
Information Needs
1
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
1
Media Use: Conflict Areas
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Rural Populations
1
Radio Use: Women
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Religious Media Use, Religious Media Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Clandestine Radios
1
Books
1
Awards & Prizes: Literary & Book Awards
1
Book Aid, Book Publishing Assistance, Book Donations
1
Book Design & Production
1
Book Fairs
1
Book Publishing in the Global South, Book Publishing & Development
1
Book Publishing & Trade Associations
1
Bookselling
1
Bookshops & Bookshop Management
1
Children's Books & Literature
1
Gender and Book Publishing
1
History of Book Publishing
1
Scholarly Book Publishing, Academic Book Publishing
1
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
1
Behaviour Change Campaigns
1
Radio Veritas Asia
1
Dioceses
1
Child Labour
1
Digital Media Socialisation
1
Children's Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Educational Comics & Comics for Development
1
Media Literacy: Children
1
Media Reception & Effects: Children
1
Christian Communication
1
Christian Churches & Denominations
1
Lutheran Churches
1
Christian Radios
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Ecumenism
1
Mission
1
Missiology
1
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
1
Persecution of / Violence Against Christians
1
Cinema
1
Film and Religion, Religion in Motion Pictures
1
Film Festivals
1
Ethnic Films, Minority Films
1
Horror Films
1
Films
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Screenwriting, Film Scriptwriting, TV Scriptwriting
1
Television Programme & Format Trade
1
Communication Rights
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Intellectual Property
1
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Government Propaganda
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
NGOs & Civil Society Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Community Media
1
Community Radio Contents & Programming
1
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
1
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
1
Participatory Communication
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Traditional Communication
1
Traditional Music
1
Ethnic Conflicts
1
International Conflicts
1
Italia-Ethiopia War (1935-1936)
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Soldiers
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Crime & Violence Reporting
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Radio Quality
1
Masks
1
Theatre
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Projects (Development Cooperation)
1
Cultural Values
1
Culture (General)
1
Digital Cultures
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Indigenous Language Literature
1
Manuscripts, Scripture, Calligraphy
1
Media Cultures
1
Museums
1
Clothing & Fashion
1
Reading Promotion
1
Religious Music
1
Development Planning
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Good Governance
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Public-Private Partnerships
1
Behaviour Change Communication
1
Communicating Development Projects, Media in Development Programmes
1
Development Communication: Indigenous & Traditional Communication
1
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Concepts & Strategies
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Effects & Effectiveness
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Experiences
1
Edutainment Television Programmes
1
Radio for Development
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Convergence of Media
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
ICANN
1
Internet / ICTs and Social Change
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Digital Media Markets
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Online News
1
Reporting on Digitalization, AI, Internet, ICTs
1
Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
1
Instagram
1
YouTube
1
Social Media & Web 2.0 for Development
1
WhatsApp
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
Mobile Phone Markets
1
Information Highway
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Racism in Communication & Media
1
Romani People
1
Xenophobia
1
Disaster Relief & Humanitarian Aid Reporting
1
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
1
Gendered Disinformation
1
Library Marketing & Library Image
1
Library Use
1
Public Libraries
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Media Industries
1
Printing Industries
1
Radio Markets
1
Television Markets
1
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
1
Media Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Video on Demand
1
Economy
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Domestic Workers
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Privatization
1
Traffic & Transport Infrastructure
1
Education and Communication / Media
1
Educational Radio Programmes
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Digital Educational Materials
1
Training
1
Universities
1
Gaming, Video Games
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Sports Reporting
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Environmental Activism
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Climate Change and Environmental Degradation
1
Sustainable Development
1
Water Resources Management, Water Access & Supply
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Image Ethics, Ethics in Photojournalism
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Women's Radio Programmes
1
Gender & Religious Communication
1
Gender Relations
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Women (General)
1
Good Practice Examples
1
Health Campaigns: Effects & Effectiveness
1
Health Campaigns: Message Design
1
Health: Media Representation (Factual & Fictional)
1
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD)
1
Religion in Health Communication
1
Tuberculosis Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
History (General)
1
History of Communication: Islam
1
History of Radio
1
Nazism
1
Second World War (1939-1945)
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
Foreign ICT & Telecommunication Investments & Ownership
1
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Colonialism
1
UNESCO
1
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Editors
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
Radio News
1
Photojournalism
1
Constitutions & Constitutional Reforms: Political Discourse & Media Representation
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Religion: Media Representation
1
Religious Journalism, Religion News
1
African Languages
1
Kiswahili
1
Arabic Language
1
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
China: Media Assistance
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
1
Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Interaction with Foreign Policies
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Radio
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Media, Mass Media
1
Proverbs
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Radio Policies
1
Media Literacy: Curricula
1
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Social Media Landscapes
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
1
Media Law & Regulation: Religious Media
1
Religious Freedom
1
Transitional Justice
1
Administration
1
Design Thinking
1
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
1
Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
1
Marketing & Branding
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Religious Media Management & Financing
1
BBC
1
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Music as Means of Political Communication
1
Music Videos
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Politics
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Military
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Democracy
1
Agenda Setting
1
Framing
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Political Television Programmes & Political Talkshows
1
Press
1
Scholarly Journals
1
Radio Production
1
Project Implementation
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Muslim Radio Broadcasting
1
Youth Radio Programmes, Youth Radio Stations, School Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Manipulation
1
Confucianism
1
COVID-19 Pandemic & Religion
1
Demons, Ghosts, Supernaturals & The Evil in the Media
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Muslim Television Broadcasting
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Media, Faith-Based Media
1
Participatory Research
1
Participatory Research Methods
1
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
1
Witchcraft, Sorcery
1
Society
1
Civil Society
1
Corruption & Combating Corruption
1
Adults
1
Revolutions
1
Social Justice
1
Inequalities
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Computers
1
Short Wave Radio (SW)
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Telecommunications
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Commercial Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
1
Youth Television Programmes
1
Youth Films & Videos
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
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Radio in Ethiopia

T. G. Belleteu
Berlin: Deutsche Stiftung für Entwicklungsländer (1962), 5 pp.
Mimeography. "Development of radio since 1941 — Its role as a mass media, the programmes and their structure, the languages used — The educational broadcasts — Future projects." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 ... more