"For community radio stations, one important gauge of relevance is the Popularity of their programming outputs, as without evidence of this it is difficult to justify providing access to scarce broadcast frequency resources. In part, the popularity ofprogramming outputs can be assessed through varia
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nts of the type ofquantitative research carried out for larger stations by the Radio Joint Audience Research Limited (RAJAR). However because such research ‘does not produce listening figures for a particular Programme on a particular day‘ (Lister et al 2010: 67) it cannot provide detailed qualitative data concerning how satisfied individuals are with the speciflc content of Particular programming. More broadly, its generic audience sample is not best suited to surveying niche listening, such as, for example, to minority language outputs. With the above in mind, how might individual community radio stations approach the issue of audience research so that they can obtain cost-effective and reasonably reliable data suitable for their needs? The following case study examines the approach taken by one particular community radio station serving a ‘community of place' that is the city of Norwich in the east of England." (Page 349)
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"In Niger and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the rate at which listeners’ clubs are being formed and the fact that the approach is now being reproduced in various settings are indications of the success of this strategy and the extent to which it is proving sustainable. In South Kivu, for
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example, a new formula has been tested with excellent results: the introduction of Farmer Field and Life Schools has been supported by existing community listeners’ clubs. In addition, a process for evaluating the impact of the clubs has revealed an unexpected but promising factor: the improved capacity of club members to engage in more formal rural structures. In this sense, the clubs are paving the way for greater participation of women in producers’ organizations and rural cooperatives. The success of the clubs has led to the setting up of new projects in Burundi, Senegal, Mauritania and the DRC (Oriental Province). At the request of various organizations and agencies, FAO-Dimitra is helping to implement these projects based on gender sensitive participatory methodologies that are flexible and well adapted, with a goal that remains unchanged: the empowerment of men and women in a rural environment." (Editorial, page 2)
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"Gender is a significant dimension in community radio (CR) initiatives that are seeking to deploy communication technologies for social change in general and empowerment of women in particular. CR not only provides an opportunity for women’s access to information, but, more significantly, also all
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ows them to challenge the culturally disempowering gender norms and come out of a condition of silence. By examining the opportunities for and challenges facing women who participate in CR, this paper offers insights into how CR has the potential to recast the dominant and gendered public sphere. The authors look at the CR movement, policy and practice in India and how it is endeavouring to shape the mediascape. Examples of women’s participation in two CR stations – Sangham Radio and Radio Namaskar – is analyzed to foreground their gaining a ‘voice’ that matters in the public sphere. Obstacles that hinder the empowerment process are outlined and recommendations to enhance the inclusion of women in CR are proposed." (Abstract)
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"In this case study, I have studied three community radio stations- RS in Nepal, KCR in Sri Lanka and SCR in New Zealand- investigating how the radio management policies are positively or negatively, affecting community access and participation. The study shows that in their effort to stay economica
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lly sustainable, the three stations are gradually evolving as a ‘hybrid’; something that sits in-between community and commercial radio. Consequently, programmes that are produced by the local community are often replaced by programmes that are produced by full-time paid staff; and they are more entertaining in nature and accommodate more advertisements. The radio stations also actively seek the sale of airtime to wellfunded NGOs, giving agency-driven programmes priority over local community programmes. This means the stations have become vehicles that help agency objectives. Hence, although ‘hybrid’ initiatives have merits financially, while depicting as local community representatives, they are marginalising the voices and interests of the very people that gave the radio stations their community characteristics and identity. Hence, in the interest of earning more revenue to secure market survival, the ‘hybrid’ initiatives are in fact, settling for a lesser community role." (Abstract)
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"Internationally, radio that operates for, or by, prisoners exists almost exclusively within the community radio context. Little has been documented about the genre so far. Raising the Civil Dead seeks to address this lack of information. It examines prisoners' radio as citizens' media, connecting d
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irectly to notions of civic responsibility. It focuses on the ways in which people produce media and how these activities transform those individuals." (Publisher description)
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"In this chapter, we argue that citizen access to information is a catalyst to the achievement of the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) [...] We examine how citizen access to information varies across a range of population sub-groups, different countries, and across a variety of topics and the exte
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nt to which access to information is related to people's health, finance, livestock, and agricultural practices. We draw on data from the AudienceScapes Research Initiative, gathered in three countries. Zambia, Ghana, and Kenya." (Page 245)
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"To the colonized, the term 'research' is conflated with European colonialism; the ways in which academic research has been implicated in the throes of imperialism remains a painful memory. This essential volume explores intersections of imperialism and research - specifically, the ways in which imp
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erialism is embedded in disciplines of knowledge and tradition as 'regimes of truth.' Concepts such as 'discovery' and 'claiming' are discussed and an argument presented that the decolonization of research methods will help to reclaim control over indigenous ways of knowing and being. This eagerly awaited second edition includes substantial revisions, with important additions on new indigenous literature and the role of research in indigenous struggles for social justice." (Back cover)
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"This article reflects on a digital storytelling project undertaken for research, communication, and advocacy purposes in Bangladesh. The project trained young women from different regions of the country to make digital stories about their everyday struggles and journeys of personal growth. Excerpts
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from selected digital stories are shared to highlight how these short films can be used to understand struggles against class and gender hierarchies, sexual harassment, and the need to establish full citizenship rights for minority groups. The article makes a case for digital stories as a new methodology for doing and communicating research. It also sheds light on the nature of the technology itself and confronts the limitations and dilemmas that were faced, particularly with regard to authenticity and representation." (Abstract)
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"This working paper envisages analyzing issues related to media and national minorities in Georgia in order to provide a comprehensive picture of the current situation of minority media and of the impact of media on majority-minority relations. To gather data on this topic, 30 interviews with variou
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s media and NGO actors both in Tbilisi and the regions were conducted from October 2010 through April 2011." (Abstract)
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"Analiza el diseño, los métodos de investigación aplicados y la relevancia práctica de 23 encuestas de audiencia y estudios de evaluación realizados por la ALER entre 1981 y 2008." (commbox)
"This paper will use the example of the approach taken by UK Community Radio station, 'Future Radio' to obtain both quantitative data primarily through street surveys and qualitative data through on-line questionnaires, exploring why the station felt such research to be both necessary and beneficial
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. Showing how reasonably accurate data can be obtained on a cost-effective basis, issues of accuracy and practical difficulties will also be explored. Finally, the paper will examine some of the opportunities and challenges raised by the changing nature of radio listening and interaction brought about by new methods of consumption such as Internet streaming and mobile 'smart-phone' applications." (Abstract)
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"In moving away from prescriptive one-way communications exercises, participatory development communications use better strategies to engage communities and capture nuance. This article examines a communications case study in Egypt: a photography competition aimed at understanding how local photogra
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phers depict women and empowerment in their images. Opportunities for discussion and selfreflection provide cultural producers the space to delve into how they see women and how they then choose to represent them. This type of communications initiative actively courts a richer understanding of empowerment, leaving room for the complexities this might entail." (Abstract)
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"This article makes an argument for the added value of the use of documentary film in development research communication. It draws broadly on the specific experience of the Real World film scheme developed by the Pathways of Women’s Empowerment Research Programme Consortium and Creative England, t
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o create empowering representations of women. It argues that both researchers and film-makers have much to gain by collaborating on the political project of co-crafting a visual argument, to create a nuanced and emotive end product." (Abstract)
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"About 39 percent started to read regularly at elementary school age, and 44 percent at primary and high school age. As compared to the last five years, 37 percent of respondents stopped reading completely, 43 percent read less, 6 percent read as much as they read before, and only 14 percent said th
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ey read more as compared to the last five years. The more the dynamic of reading decreases, the more the number of male representatives increases (from 34 percent to 51 percent). The more the dynamic of reading increases, the greater the share of young people (18-34 years old) becomes (from 29 percent to 61 percent) The more the dynamics of reading increases, the greater the number of people with higher education becomes (from about 18 percent to 53 percent), while the number of people with a secondary education decreases (from about 42 percent to 16 percent)." (Summary of quantitative research results, page 43)
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"This report [is] the first compilation of the global data on how women in developing countries access and use the Internet. I am convinced this report provides key insights for policy makers, the development community and industry. Based on interviews and surveys of 2,200 women in developing countr
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ies, as well as interviews with experts and a review of existing literature, this report found that, on average, 23 percent fewer women than men are online in developing countries. This represents 200 million fewer women than men who are online today. In some regions, the size of the gap exceeds 40 percent. In addition, in many regions, the Internet gender gap reflects and amplifies existing inequalities between the sexes. We know that many women who use the Internet derive profound benefits through it, including economic and educational opportunities, a community of support, and career prospects. As the report indicates, expanding Internet access for women would also provide a significant boost to national income." (Foreword)
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"Cette enquête exploratoire s’inscrit dans une interrogation sur la façon dont des collectifs dispersés créent des mondes qui leur sont propres, l’objectif ici étant de voir comment l’usage de l’Internet configure leurs espace et temps singuliers (leurs mondes propres). Les résultats i
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nattendus sont que le Web diasporique chinois est principalement anglo-saxon et que la géographie des sites ne correspond pas du tout à celle de la diaspora chinoise. Est-ce seulement l’effet des critères utilisés pour sélectionner les sites, ou cela révèle-t-il un phénomène plus profond ? Ces questions incitent à une nouvelle enquête." (Résumé)
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"This case study is being produced to share the process, techniques, and lessons learned from "Zaphamban' izindlela!" radio drama both as way to document, as well as facilitate others working on women’s issues to undertake similar initiatives. The case study demonstrates how entertaining forms of
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media, and engaging with community media in particular can both create awareness and dialogue." (Page 2)
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"Great changes have been taken place in the patterns of China’s radio programs since 1980s. Its role has changed from the government’s “propaganda tool” to meet the multiple needs of the radio listeners; its profit mode somehow has varied from full national funding to making profit independe
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ntly; with the assistance of digital technology, the traditional broadcasting program patterns, which was all about manuscripts writing and reading, have been also altered into ones that involve audience interaction. This paper is a case study of 'Helping Each Other in Beijing', a radio program for the elderly by Public Service Frequency in Beijing Radio Station. It analyzes the program from its concept, content, audience interaction, and hosting style. It displays, in the age of new media and globalization, which is full of fierce competition, how the broadcasters in China create new philosophy and concept of radio programs, how they react to the new relationship between audience and them, and how they build up their new media image." (Abstract)
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