"At first glance, mobile technology appears to have the potential to allow countries in Africa to technologically ‘leapfrog’ across the digital divide and provide much needed Internet access to a wide range of people currently unable to participate in the Information Society. This study investig
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ates whether this potential is being actualized through the survey of a non-purposive sample population living in Johannesburg, South Africa. Studies have shown that aside from being able to engage with the new technology, people must also perceive it as reliable and user friendly. As such, this article examines user’s attitudes and current behaviour with regards to this apparently highly accessible and relatively affordable medium. It also seeks to determine whether people believe that mobile technology could eclipse (or leapfrog) the use of computer technology for online activities – and if they believe that to be true, how have their usage patterns shifted, if at all?" (Abstract)
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"A decade ago, mobile phone usage in Afghanistan was almost nonexistent; now there are 13 million subscriptions for a total of 29 million citizens, and the annual growth rate of subscription is estimated at 53 percent. A number of factors have fueled this dramatic increase, including the sheer popul
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ar demand for communication, an absence of viable landline substitutes, government deregulation, and a competitive market that flourishes despite the conflict. Each of the major telecommunications companies in Afghanistan identifies the same five challenges to future expansion: poverty, high illiteracy rates, corruption, an untrained workforce, and lack of security. Despite these challenges, Afghanistan has proved an exceptional case study in the use of mobile phones for social change in support of peacebuilding, as it has been the focus of numerous pilot application programs conducted by the government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector. Mobile money transfer (MMT) applications have proved to be powerful mechanisms for helping to reduce corruption, foster security sector reform, and promote economic development. Yet neither the international community nor the Afghan government has shown the will or the capacity to move MMT programs forward at a pace commensurate with their demonstrated potential. At least two other high-value mobile applications were cited during the June summit as having improved conditions for stability and reconstruction in early deployments: (1) the provision of market information through mobile phones, especially in the agricultural sector, and (2) the use of mobile phones to strengthen local governance and civil society. Both applications have sufficient promise to warrant large-scale rollouts and merit careful consideration by international donors, whose support is vital during the transition to sustainability." (Summary)
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"The year 2010 marks the midpoint between the Tunis phase of WSIS (2005) and the deadline for achieving the WSIS targets (2015), in line with the target date of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report presents a mid-term review of the progress mad
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e towards achieving the ten WSIS targets. The overall objective of the report is to provide policy-makers with a comprehensive assessment of the WSIS targets to date and, based on the findings, make suggestions on the types of policy measures required to meet them. The report also highlights the need for formal monitoring of progress towards achieving the WSIS targets. Currently, there are no agreed indicators for the targets which countries could use for monitoring purposes." (Executive summary, page xxi)
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"The main structure of the document consists of four parts. The first provides the reader with the 'big picture' of ICTs and climate change, based on a review of existing literature and identification of the main phases that have characterized the debate to date (Figure 1). Based on the above, the a
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nalysis will suggest some of the key gaps and issues that need to be considered as research on ICTs, climate change and development continues to evolve. The second section deepens the analysis by identifying the key components of the debate, namely the role of ICTs in mitigation, monitoring, adaptation and strategies, while building up the basis of a conceptual model on ICTs, Climate Change and Development (Figure 2). This model will provide the reader with an overview of the main issues and trends that lie at the intersection of these three fields, mapping the links between its main components and serving as a tool to identify challenges and research gaps that need to be further explored. Having identified the main issues on ICTs and climate change from a global perspective, the third part of the document will present some of the emerging examples of ICT use in climate change mitigation, monitoring, adaptation and strategies in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This section will allow the reader to contextualize the debate from a developing country perspective, while relating the ideas reflected in the ICTs, Climate Change and Development model to concrete actions in the field. The study concludes by presenting key issues for future research, based on the gaps and developing country priorities identified throughout the analysis. It has three Annexes: one providing a timeline of key literature resources; one offering an extended bibliography of that literature; and a glossary of key terms." (Page 4)
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"The study found evidence that mobiles are being used in ways which contribute to productivity enhancement. However, to leverage the full potential of information dissemination enabled by mobile telephony will require significant improvements in supporting infrastructure and capacity building amongs
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t farmers to enable them to use the information they access effectively. As mobile penetration continues to increase among farming communities and information services continue to adapt and proliferate, the scope exists for a much greater rural productivity impact in the future." (Abstract)
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"This report gives an overview of the current state of mobile phone use and services in East Africa. It outlines major trends and main obstacles for increased use as well as key opportunities and potential for upscaling mobile applications. The report draws on secondary data and statistics, as well
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as field work carried out in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda during 2008 and 2009. The publication identifies a broad range of mobile applications relevant for reaching the poor and contributing to social and economic development – from simple agricultural, market or health information services to advanced financial transaction services or mobile use for election monitoring and governance issues. A commented linklist of existing initiatives in the four countries adds to the usefulness of this well documented study." (CAMECO Update 1-2011)
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"Argentinien nimmt in der Rangfolge der Länder, die einen restriktiven Umgang mit Urheberrechten juristisch festgeschrieben haben, weltweit den sechsten Platz ein. Das argentinische Gesetz zum Urheberrecht kennt weder Ausnahmen für Bibliotheken noch für Universitäten. Studenten und Dozenten, die
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auf das Kopieren von Lehrmaterial angewiesen sind, müssen dafür Abgaben an Verwertungsgesellschaften entrichten. Auch die ohne Erlaubnis des Autors erstellte Privatkopie ist eine Straftat. Die MP3-Aufnahme einer CD, die Aufnahme und der Formatwechsel einer audiovisuellen Produktion, der Remix werden zu kriminellen Akten und stehen unter Strafe. Die kulturelle Souveränität und der Zugang zu Kultur sind durch das bestehende Urheberrecht ernsthaft bedroht. Argentina Copyleft! zeigt anhand von Beispielen, wie ein restriktives Urheberrecht den Zugang zu Bildung und Kultur erschwert oder gar unmöglich macht. Es zeigt aber auch die Vielfalt an argentinischen Initiativen, die für einen gerechten Zugang zu Wissen und Information kämpfen." (Klappentext)
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"If carried out properly, the digital switchover can safeguard human rights, including freedom of the media and the right to access information. If all parties involved in the process co-operate, including broadcasters, producers, resellers and consumer associations, the result is a media landscape
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that protects plurality of opinion and freedom of expression. Governments must believe that providing their citizens with pluralistic information can only strengthen their democracies. Well-informed people make well-informed decisions, which are the indispensable foundation that democracies can build upon. We already live in the digital age, a time in which we can create truly democratic cultures with participation by all members of society. This guide aims to offer practical help to those OSCE participating States where the switchover is the challenge of the coming years. [...] The guide is a comprehensive examination of issues to be considered by all stakeholders involved in the switchover process, including the successes and pitfalls encountered." (Foreword, page 3-4)
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"While the safety of children and young people in digital spaces has become an important issue of qualitative as well as quantitative research in the developed world and has led to a significant body of knowledge, the research efforts in the developing nations, with few exceptions, are still relativ
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ely early stage. A brief analysis of digitally relevant developing world characteristics suggests that various contextual factors such as technological, economic, market, educational, and cultural parameters need to be taken into account at the levels of risk analysis and risk evaluation and with regard to response strategies." (Summary/conclusions, page 30)
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"The report draws on the experiences of projects using mobile phone-based information and communication technologies (ICT) applications in a number of situations, including mobile monitoring and evaluation, m-banking, community development, literacy, anti-corruption, agricultural extension and agric
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ultural value chain information and access." (Introduction)
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"An Introduction to Internet Governance provides a comprehensive overview of the main issues and actors in this fi eld. The book is written in a clear and accessible way, supplemented with numerous fi gures and illustrations. It focuses on technical, legal, economic, development, and sociocultural a
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spects of Internet governance, providing a brief introduction, a summary of major questions and controversies, and a survey of different views and approaches for each issue. The book offers a practical framework for analysis and discussion on Internet governance. Since 1997 more than 1000 diplomats, computer specialists, civil society activists and academics have attended training courses based on the text and approach presented in this book. With every delivery of the course, materials are updated and improved. This regular updating makes the book particularly useful as a teaching resource for introductory studies in Internet governance." (Back cover)
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"Youth and young adults (15-29) are often assumed to be leaders in mobile phone use, but this is not entirely the case in Zambia. While those 15 to 29 make up the largest segment of overall mobile phone users, they do not show the highest rate of weekly (regular) users that is taken by those 30 to 4
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4. Geographic Breakdown: There are substantial differences in rates of mobile phone use among Zambia's nine provinces. These differences reflect varying levels of human development around the country, but other factors come into play. Cost Factors: When respondents were asked to agree or disagree that "using a mobile phone is expensive," 63 percent answered in the affirmative. Even those residing in high-income households were more likely to agree than disagree with the statement. The same can be said for frequent mobile users, with some 52 percent of daily users and 53 percent of regular users agreeing or strongly agreeing with the statement that mobile phone use is expensive. Mobile Radio: A key feature of Zambian (and more generally, African) mobile phone use is an old-new media convergence phenomenon: handset-based radio listening. Among regular mobile users, a third said they listen to the radio via their handset on a weekly basis, and 25 percent said they listen on a daily basis. Unlike the use of mobile internet, radio listening is more evenly spread across urban and rural users. Mobile-based radio listening may also continue to expand; given that youth and young adults (YYAs) are currently the most likely to do so and thus will set the pattern going forward." (Report sumary, page 7)
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"The Gender, Agriculture and Rural Development in the Information Society (GenARDIS) small grants fund was initiated in 2002 to support work on gender-related issues in information and communications technologies for the African, Caribbean and Pacific regions. GenARDIS recognises the constraints and
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challenges encountered by rural women, and has disbursed small grants to diverse and innovative projects in order to counter these barriers, to document the process and results, and to contribute to more gender-aware ICT policy advocacy. GenARDIS has supported projects which are as diverse as the countries where they are located. Over the years, GenARDIS has learned from and documented projects such as women’s community radio drama groups, pest control through information access, and using technology to promote women’s inheritance and land rights. Grantees have supported deaf women in Ethiopia to generate their own income through digital photography, and enabled rural mothers to earn additional income for their families because they can market to buyers from outside their community. In some areas, women small farmers are no longer being taken advantage of by the middleman as they now get a fair price for their crops by sending a simple SMS." (Pages 5-6)
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"Mit geschätzten 400 Millionen Internetnutzern (Juni 2010) ist die VR China vor den USA der größte nationale Internetmarkt. Nach den USA und Japan bildet China den weltweit drittgrößten Markt fur Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Die drei an der US-amerikanischen Nasdaq-Borse gehand
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elten chinesischen Web-Portale Sina.com, Souhu.com, Netease.com, das Web-Portal Tom.com, das zu mehr als 50 Prozent dem reichsten Mann Asiens, dem Hongkonger Tycoon Li Ka-shing, gehört und Chinas führender B2BPortalbetreiber Alibaba.com unter Leitung von Jack Ma, sind die wichtigsten Akteure des chinesischen Internet. Im Jahr 2018 will China 70 Prozent seines gesamten innerchinesischen Handels uber E-Commerce abwickeln. Der chinesische Internetnutzer ist jung, wohnt in der Stadt, verfügt als Student über eine gute formale Ausbildung, aber nur ein kleines Einkommen. Das ländliche China, das nach wie vor zwei Drittel der Bevölkerung umfasst, ist bislang vom Internet so gut wie ausgeschlossen. Kulturelle Besonderheiten des chinesischen Internet sind die weit verbreitete Online-Spielsucht, die intensive Nutzung des Netzes fur Poesie und virtuelle Friedhöfe." (Zusammenfassende Thesen, Seite 27)
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