"Sixteen experts representing Latin America, the Third World, Europe, Israel, Canada, and the U.S. examine from their various viewpoints the new problems that have arisen in international communications. Their articles challenge conventional thinking on concepts such as free flow of information, cul
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tural integrity, the role of communications in national development, the right of nations to control their own cultural/communication space, and the current makeup of the international system of information transfer." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 323)
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"The present study on the importation of films for cinema and television in Egypt is part of a series of case studies related to the structure, nature and flow of "transnational communication" and its socio-economic and cultural impact. Having its own reputable film industry and television organizat
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ion and being itself a film exporting country, Egypt was selected for this study, which was undertaken in 1979. However, the study shows that Egypt is heavily dependent on a small number of foreign companies, based in a few industrialized countries, which supply most of the films for cinema and television programming. The research emphasizes the need not only to examine the volume of imported communication material (a phenomenon already described in another UNESCO publication as "one way flow of information") but also the effects related to their content." (Foreword)
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"Fisher, who has been involved in a number of American governmental communication agencies in connection with Third World countries, including the International Communication Agency, the U.S.I.A., and as a Foreign Service Officer, has drawn upon both his professional experience and the academic disc
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iplines of sociology, anthropology, and social psychology to seek a rationale which would enable him "to produce the kind of 'think piece' analysis that would sharpen the focus on trends and new factors which might affect the logic of a wide range of programs directed toward mutual understanding objectives." He does not pretend to have the answers, only the questions." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 127)
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"An analysis of media imperialism with a middle-range focus. Capitalist exploitation, Lee contends, is not limited to the Third World but extends to advanced capitalist countries as well. The real questions should resolve around " (1) the extent to which Marxist-Leninist theory of 'media imperialism
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' withstands vigorous historical tests and empirical verification; (2) the extent to which liberal rhetoric of 'free flow' refutes its formidable critics; and (3) the extent to which socialist centralized control, as some Marxian adherents claim, constitutes a viable alternative to the media imperialism of advanced capitalism.'' He centers upon three countries - Canada, Taiwan and China - for his inquiry. Although the analysis is of television specifically, it examines divergent theoretical and ideological structures common to other media as well." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 689)
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"Mankekar is concerned with the charges made against the Western media by the Third World and, likewise, the reaction of Western journalists to their concept of a new information order for developing countries. Combing data and evidence from diverse sources he has analyzed the anatomy and function o
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f international news media to test the validity of the Third World's accusations and has traced the Third World's struggle in the United Nations, UNESCO and their own councils to rid themselves of what they consider the hold of world news monopoly by the four international news agencies. The potentialities of modern electronic media in bringing this about are also examined, and there is a chapter on the Third World news pool. Appendixes include a discussion of "News Agencies in the World" and a short bibliography." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 264)
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"Cees Hamelink, a prolific analyst of international communication with emphasis on developing nations, makes a case that capitalism as practiced by developed nations thwarts effective communication in the Third World. Hamelink's thesis in 'The Corporate Village', international communication, far fro
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m turning the world into McLuhan's "global village," has instead created a oneway flow of culture, a communication imperialism of political-economic structures dominated by capitalistic nations. Documenting corporate interests and concentration of the transnationals as they affect the Third World, he shows the cultural dependency this has caused. He concludes with a discussion of the signs of cultural rcsistance and an exploration of countervailing power of national governments, the UN, labor unions, churches, universities/research institutes, and action groups. Parts of the book consist of excerpts from other works by various authors, including among others Armand Mattelart, Herbert Schiller, Oliver Boyd-Barrett, Thomas H. Guback, and Tapio Varis." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 172)
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"The most striking impression is the fact that little research exists. Our review touched studies and discussions of many kinds, all with some relation to the central question, "What are the effects of cross-cultural broadcasting?" Much of what we found is based on fear or undue optimism. The lack o
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f studies firmly rooted in data: this is the overriding fact about this inquiry. While the image of cross-cultural broadcasting may be one of the ''cultural'' interchange, the reality is that of the marketplace. Commercial values are the rule; non-commercial broadcasting is not a major competitor to commercial programming. Programmes intended for any type of social improvement are rare. If they exist at all, they can be found on radio much more than on television or in films. General entertainment programming has a definite social value, but most observers would hope for programming more explicitly geared to the social needs of their diverse audiences. Furthermore, imported entertainment programmes produced for foreign audiences penetrate the host culture in ways that are not understood. Lack of understanding generates uneasiness and fear." (Implications of this report, 40)
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"In Communication and Cultural Domination Schiller is concerned with the "sources, character, and contents of the communication stream that passes between nations and on the flow that is generated inside national states. " Here again he feels the "haves" tend to influence and sometimes dominate the
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"have nots." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 383)
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