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Media Law & Regulation
312
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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70
Copyright Law
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Freedom of Expression
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Defamation Law & Regulation
57
Communication Rights
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Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
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Television Law & Regulation
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Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
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Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
40
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Radio Law & Regulation
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Regulatory Bodies
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Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
27
Self-Regulation of Media
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
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Media Ownership
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Community Radios
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Digital Television
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Intellectual Property
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Journalism
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
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Media Concentration
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Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
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Media / Communication Control
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Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
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Public Service Broadcasting
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Television
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Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
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Creative & Cultural Industries
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Journalism Ethics
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Human Rights
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Freedom of Expression Principles
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Censorship
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
12
Media Industries
12
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
11
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
11
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
11
International Media & Communication Policies
11
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
11
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
11
Plagiarism
10
Community Radio Policies
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Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
10
European Union (EU)
10
Democracy
10
Politics and Media
10
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
9
UNESCO
9
Media Governance
9
Political Transition and Media
9
Press
9
Public Media, State Media
9
Copyright: Books
8
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
8
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
8
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
8
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
8
Humanitarian Law
8
Ethics in Media & Communication
8
Media, Mass Media
8
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
8
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
8
Press Law & Regulation
8
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
8
Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
8
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
7
Community Media Policies & Regulation
7
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
7
History of Media & Communication
7
World Information and Communication Order
7
Tax Reductions for Media
7
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
7
Radio
7
Government Advertising, State Advertising
6
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
6
Copyright: Music
6
Community Media Financing & Sustainability
6
Cultural Policies
6
Information Society
6
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
6
Council of Europe
6
Associations & Networks of Journalists
6
Television Policies
6
Human Rights Protection
6
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
6
Open Source Software
6
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
6
Access to Media & Information
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
5
Copyright: Films
5
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
5
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
5
Government Communication Strategies
5
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
5
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
5
War Reporting
5
Music Industries & Markets
5
Television Markets
5
Political Economy of Media
5
Globalisation of Media
5
Satellite Television
5
Journalists
5
Media Assistance
5
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
5
MDDA - Media Develoment and Diversity Agency (South Africa)
5
Press Landscapes
5
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
5
National Security Legislation
5
Financing Public Service Media
5
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
5
Public & State Television
5
Civil Society
5
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
4
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
4
Community Television
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
4
Defamation, Libel, Slander
4
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
4
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
4
Female Journalists & Media Workers
4
Good Practice Examples
4
Mercosur
4
Investigative Journalism
4
Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
4
Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
4
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
4
Radio Landscapes
4
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
4
Media Regulation Practices
4
Accountability & Transparency
4
Corruption & Combating Corruption
4
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
4
Advertising Law & Regulation
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Book Markets & Industries
3
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
3
Film Industries
3
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
3
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
3
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Strategic Communication Planning
3
Community Media
3
Community Radio Setting-Up
3
Community Television Policies & Regulation
3
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
3
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
3
Development and Media
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
3
Software Industries
3
Racism in Communication & Media
3
Media Markets
3
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
History of the Press
3
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
3
Legal Status of Journalists
3
Election Reporting
3
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
3
Local Communication & Media
3
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
3
Media Democratization
3
Television Landscapes
3
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
3
Theories of Change
3
Digital Switchover
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
Media Assistance: Access to Public Information
2
Advertising
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Book Rights, Publishing Contracts, Licenses
2
Film Markets
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Copyright: Software
2
Patents
2
Performing Rights
2
Recording Rights
2
Reprint Rights
2
Translation Rights
2
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Self-Censorship
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Right to be Forgotten
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Community Radio Contents & Programming
2
Community Radio & Gender
2
Community Radio Management
2
Terrorism
2
Conflicts and Media
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
2
Media Convergence
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Economics of Media
2
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
2
Radio Markets
2
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
2
Press Councils
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
2
International News Flow
2
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
2
United Nations (UN)
2
Financing Journalism
2
Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Television News
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Language Policies
2
Linguistic Diversity
2
Minority Languages
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Communication & Information Needs
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
2
Civil Rights
2
Customary Law
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Media Complaints / Sanctions Procedures
2
Religious Freedom
2
Transitional Justice
2
Financing Press & Print Media
2
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
2
Democratization
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Spheres
2
Newspapers
2
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
2
Commercial Radios
2
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
2
Social Aspects
2
Digital Radio
2
Telecommunications
2
Commercial Television
2
Television Channels
2
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Radio Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy
1
Lobbying
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Campaigning
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Christian Communication
1
Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD)
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Cinema
1
Film Financing
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Copyright: Photos & Illustrations
1
Digital Rights Management
1
TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Community Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Foro Argentino de Radios Comunitarias (FARCO)
1
Community Radio Governance & Ownership
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
War Crimes
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Popular Art, Folk Art, Handicrafts
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Culture (General)
1
Traditional Cultures
1
Development Assistance
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Spam & Scam
1
ICANN
1
Internet
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Search Engines
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Regulation
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
Minority Rights
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Press Distribution
1
Television Industries
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Press Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Taxes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Open Educational Resources (OER)
1
Training
1
Sports Reporting
1
Environmental Communication
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Telecommunication
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Indigenous Rights, Indigenous Jurisdiction & Customary Law
1
Public Funding & Support Policies: Indigenous Communication
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Global Governance
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Local Television
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Self-Regulation, Accountability & Transparency of Media
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Social Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Radio Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Consumer Protection
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Media Content Regulation
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Rule of Law
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Music
1
Music Videos
1
Pop Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Politics
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Capitalism
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Public Interest
1
Agenda Setting
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Propaganda
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Yellow Press
1
Local Ownership, Local Stakeholder Participation
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Radios
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Radio Networks
1
Radio Engineering & Technologies
1
Media Effects
1
Oppression
1
Manipulation
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Interviewing (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Society
1
Civic Coalitions
1
Apartheid
1
Participation
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Das Jahrzehnt der Informationsfreiheit in Afrika?
Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2011), 5 pp.
"Informationsfreiheit ist in Verfassungen, Gesetzen und internationalen Konventionen verankert. Die Ausübung dieses Rechts stößt jedoch in Subsahara-Afrika vielerorts an enge Grenzen – der Trend zu mehr Offenheit auf dem Papier setzt sich im politischen Alltag zumeist nicht fort. Als politische
...
La transición a la televisión digital terrestre en Iberoamérica: Diagnóstico y prospectiva
Quito: CIESPAL (2011), 239 pp.
"El texto recopila las experiencias vividas por diferentes países de Europa y América Latina en su proceso de transición de la televisión analógica a la digital. Destaca el papel jugado por los estados, los órganos regulatorios, la incidencia de las transnacionales televisivas, los intereses e
...
La cruzada de los medios en América Latina: Gobiernos progresistas y políticas de comunicación
Buenos Aires: Paidós (2011), 160 pp.
The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Bhutan
Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (2011), 62 pp.
"Based on the study estimates, the total contribution of CBIs to the Bhutanese economy in 2008 was 5.5% of GDP or Nu.3,009 million; 10.1% of total employment or 25,215 persons; 4.0% of total exports or Nu. 912.4 million; 6.9% of total imports or Nu.1,604.8 million. The contribution of CBIs to GDP wa
...
Ley 26522 servicios de comunicación audiovisual
Buenos Aires: Dirección Nacional del Registro Oficial (2010), 218 pp.
Guidelines for the Transition from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting
Geneva: ITU (2010), xvi, 393 pp.
The guidelines are intended to provide information and recommendations on policy, regulation, technologies, network planning, customer awareness and business planning for the smooth transition to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and introduction of Mobile Television Broadcasting (M
...
The Media and International Humanitarian Law: Legal Protections for Journalists
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 96-112
"Journalists and other media personnel perform a crucial role in armed conflicts. In the absence of functioning civil society, which, in peacetime can survey the behaviour of governments and other parties, and report on breaches of law, journalists are often the only parties on the ground able to do
...
Libel Tourism: Silencing the Press Through Transnational Legal Threats
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 41 pp.
"This report by Drew Sullivan, a journalist, editor, and media development specialist, explains how lawsuits can force media organizations to censor themselves or limit the distribution of their news content, restricting freedom of expression and thus threatening one of the foundations of democracy.
...
Preventing Media Incitement to Violence in Iraq
Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2010), 5 pp.
"The monitoring of Iraqi media reveals that inflammatory coverage does not necessarily consist of a direct call to violence, but instead takes the form of indirect or coded terminology that still has dangerous potential to foment conflict. Current regulatory and self-regulatory efforts designed to p
...
Proactive Transparency: The Future of the Right to Information?
Washington, DC: World Bank, Communication for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP) (2010), v, 51 pp.
"This paper identifies four primary drivers of proactive disclosure throughout history. The first is the need to inform the public about laws and decisions and the public’s right to be informed, to know their rights and obligations. The second is the public’s demand for the information needed to
...
Copy.Right.Now! Plädoyers für ein zukunftstaugliches Urheberrecht
Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung; iRights.info (2010), 136 pp.
Argentina Copyleft! Neue Spielregeln für das digitale Zeitalter? Ein Blick nach Argentinien
Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2010), 104 pp.
"Argentinien nimmt in der Rangfolge der Länder, die einen restriktiven Umgang mit Urheberrechten juristisch festgeschrieben haben, weltweit den sechsten Platz ein. Das argentinische Gesetz zum Urheberrecht kennt weder Ausnahmen für Bibliotheken noch für Universitäten. Studenten und Dozenten, die
...
Principios para garantizar la diversidad y el pluralismo en la radiodifusión y los servicios de comunicación audiovisual
Buenos Aires: AMARC América Latina y Caribe (2010), 109 pp.
"Este documento expone cuarenta principios con la identificación de las fuentes de doctrina y jurisprudencia comparada con el fin de establecer pautas para la radiodifusión pública, comercial y comunitaria, en el contexto regional actual. Consideramos que este trabajo es un aporte frente a la esc
...
Nueva ley de medios audiovisuales: Desafíos para los medios comunitarios y populares
Foro Argentino de Radios Comunitarias (FARCO) (2010), 45 pp.
"Desde FARCO convocamos a cientos de actores sociales, sindicales, universitarios, artistas, actores, productores, formando la Coalición por una Radiodifusión Democrática. Desde allí fuimos capaces de construir la fuerza necesaria para que la Ley llegara al Congreso, y diputados y senadores la s
...
Media Policies and Regulatory Practices in a Selected Set of European Countries, the EU and the Council of Europe
European Commission; Mediadem (2010), 524 pp.
"This collective report examines the principal dimensions of media policy in 14 European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey and the UK), probing into the historical forces, national traditions and distinct politi
...
Audiovisual Media Policy, Regulation and Independence in Southeast Asia
Open Society Foundation, Media Program (2010), 46 pp.
"This study provides an overview of the broadcasting environment in the ten countries covered, with a focus on regulatory systems. It outlines the constitutional framework in each country, as well as the status of international law. This is followed by a brief outline of the broadcasting sector in e
...
Access to Knowledge in Africa: The Role of Copyright
Claremont: UCT Press; International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2010), xvii, 366 pp.
"Copyright laws and policies cover many controversial issues that are linked to different disciplines, in science, culture, technology, economics, law and other fields. The concepts and issues in the field are also approached from different perspectives and with different political and economic agen
...
Publishing and Alternative Licensing Models in Africa: Comparative Analysis of the South African and Ugandan PALM Studies
Cape Town; Ottawa: Association for Creative Research and Development; International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2010), 117 pp.
Publishing and Alternative Licensing Models in Africa (PALM Africa) has been a two-country research programme conducted in South Africa and Uganda, using action research to explore the potential of open access and flexible and open intellectual property licences with the aim of enhancing the impact
...