commbox Law, Regulation, Media Policies

"Inspired by “extra-market” initiatives to ensure media diversity in social-democratic Northern Europe, the Media Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA) is a path-breaking attempt by a developing country to support the media needs of marginalized communities too poor to be of interest to advert ... more

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El derecho de accesso a la información: Análisis del proceso de discusión y gestión en Guatemala

Silvio René Gramajo Valdés

Guatemala: Asociación Doses;SEDEM (2003), 157 pp.

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Long Walks to Media Freedom: Case Studies and Lessons Learnt from Countries in Transition from Authoritarian Rule to Democracy

Hendrik Bussiek

Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2003), 44 pp.

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Broadcasting Policy and Practice in Africa

London: Article 19 (2003), v, 222 pp.

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FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) and Civil Society

Lanre Arogundade (ed.)

Lagos: International Press Centre (IPC) (2003), 140 pp.

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Derecho comparado de la información

Ernesto Villanueva

Mexico, DF: Porrúa;Universidad Iberoamericana;Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), 2nd ed. (2002), 625 pp.

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Global Intellectual Property Rights: Knowledge, Access and Development

Peter Drahos, Ruth Mayne (eds.)

Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan;Oxfam (2002), xiv, 281 pp.

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Access to the Airwaves: Principles on Freedom of Expression and Broadcast Regulation

London: Article 19 (2002), 23 pp.

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Global Corruption Report 2003. Special Focus: Access to Information

Transparency International (2002), 326 pp.

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The Enabling Environment for Free and Independent Media: A Contribution to Transparent and Accountable Governance

Monroe E. Price, Peter Krug

USAID, Office of Democracy and Governance, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance (2002), 50 pp.

"We begin with an outline of areas of law that must be considered. Over time, across societies, it is possible to suggest specific areas of legal development that are essential for media law reform. In the first part of this study, we examine a substantial list of such areas, from defamation rules t ... more

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The Media Situation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan: Five Country Reports

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2002), 130, 150 pp.

"These five country reports: on Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, provide a general overview of the current state of media affairs in the country concerned, focus on media legislation and cases of harassment of journalists and provide country-specific recommendations t ... more

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Law and Ethics of the Media

André Linard, Bertrand Scirpo

Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa (2002), 144 pp.

"Law and Ethics of the Media gives an overview on the legal contexts and institutional status of the media referring to particular national differences and settings. In addition, a variety of rules and principles as well as values - reflecting the ethics - which journalists are confronted with in th ... more

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The MISA Media Advocacy Toolkit: Resource Book

John Barker, Andrew Couldridge

Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2002), 120 pp.

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Transformation of the Mongolian Electronic Media: Prospects of Public Broadcasting in a Dual System

Munkhmandakh Myagmar

Budapest: International Policy Fellowship;Open Society Institute (2002), 27 pp.

"The "Law on Freedom of Press" passed in summer 1998 prohibited state ownership on media and fixed the establishment of public service broadcast media in Mongolia. This paper analyses the situation of electronic media, gives a description of endeavors to transform the broadcasting system in Mongolia ... more

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Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy
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London: Commission on Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR), 2nd ed. (2002), viii, 178 pp.

"Too often the interests of the “producer” dominate in the evolution of IP policy, and that of the ultimate consumer is neither heard nor heeded. So policy tends to be determined more by the interests of the commercial users of the system, than by an impartial conception of the greater public go ... od. In IPR discussions between developed and developing countries, a similar imbalance exists. The trade ministries of developed nations are mainly influenced by producer interests who see the benefit to them of stronger IP protection in their export markets, while the consumer nations, mainly the developing countries, are less able to identify and represent their own interests against those of the developed nations. Thus we recognise that the rules and practices of intellectual property, and how they evolve, are the product of political economy. Developing countries - and in particular poor consumers of products which may be protected by IP rights - negotiate from a position of relative weakness. There is a fundamental asymmetry in relationships between developed and developing countries, based ultimately on their relative economic strength. The negotiations on TRIPS in the Uruguay Round are but one example. Developing countries accepted TRIPS not because at the time the adoption of intellectual property protection was high on their list of priorities, but partly because they thought the overall package offered, including the reduction of trade protectionism in developed countries, would be beneficial. Now many of them feel that the commitments made by developed countries to liberalise agriculture and textiles and reduce tariffs, have not been honoured, while they have to live with the burdens of the TRIPS agreement. The agreement on a new “development” WTO Round at Doha last year recognises that this bargain, between developed and developing countries, needs to be made explicit and meaningful. The difficulty for developing countries in this context is that they are “second comers” in a world that has been shaped by the “first comers”. And because of that, it is a very different world from that in which the “first comers” developed. It is a cliché to say that we live in an age of globalisation, when the world economy is becoming more integrated. It is an article of faith in the international community that integration on appropriate terms into the world economy is a necessary condition for development. The question from our point of view is what are the appropriate terms for that integration in the field of IPRs. Just as the now-developed countries moulded their IP regimes to suit their particular economic, social and technological circumstances, so developing countries should in principle now be able to do the same." (Overview, page 7-8) more

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Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy
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