"This article summarises preliminary reflections for mediators on social media codes of conduct. Such codes of conduct, to be agreed upon by conflict stakeholders, would aim to prevent and mitigate the use of social media to exacerbate conflicts or jeopardise peace processes. Such codes of conduct w
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ould apply to both social media content (specific types of posts and comments such as hate speech) and social media behaviour (specific uses of social media such as coordinated efforts to manipulate public debate)." (Page 1)
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"This study is a snapshot of children’s use of social media in East Asia, focusing on four countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The research incorporates the experiences of 301 children across the four countries, including 121 street children and refugees, collected through a ser
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ies of focus group discussions and participatory exercises. The qualitative data collected was supplemented by a confidential anonymous self-administered 20-item questionnaire completed at the end of the focus group discussions. While more is arguably known about how children in middle- and high-income families use social media, those from lower income families, marginalized children, children with disabilities, street children and refugee children are often excluded from conversations on their use of social media and online safety. This study explicitly attempted to include the voices of children from these populations. These were supplemented by discussions with parents, grandparents, caregivers and frontline workers including social workers, counsellors, child psychiatrists and educators." (Introduction)
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"The persistent gender gap in mobile access and use is already well documented, as are the significant benefits of closing it. Across low- and middle-income countries today, women are eight per cent less likely than men to own a mobile phone, 20 per cent less likely to use mobile internet and 33 per
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cent less likely to use mobile money. Often, it is those marginalised women who are without access to a mobile phone and all its services who would benefit most from using one. Equipping women with mobiles, bringing them online and enabling them to access a wealth of information and services, including mobile money and mobile internet, can also have a positive impact on their families and communities, and help to achieve many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. For the mobile industry, this also makes business sense. We estimate that closing the gender gap in mobile access and use could generate a revenue uplift for the mobile industry of 12 to 37 per cent in a typical low- and middle-income market in Africa, and 11 to 54 per cent in Asia. This guide outlines the practical steps mobile operators can take to reach female customers and realise this opportunity. Drawing on our research and work with operators and other partners across Africa, Asia and Latin America over the last decade, including a recent survey of employees from mobile operating companies (opcos) by Altai Consulting, we have distilled 10 key recommendations for reaching women with mobile. While consideration of the unique local context is crucial, some overarching themes have emerged. Examples are used to illustrate our recommendations, and some in-depth case studies are included in the Appendix." (Introduction, page 6)
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"This book discusses how digital inequalities today may lead to other types of inequalities in the Global South. Contributions to this collection move past discussing an access problem - a binary division between 'haves and have-nots' - to analyse complex inequalities in the internet use, benefits,
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and opportunities of people in the Global South region. Using specific case studies, this book underlines how communities in the Global South are now attempting to participate in the information age despite high costs, a lack of infrastructure, and more barriers to entry. Contributions discuss the recent changes in the Global South. These changes include greater technological availability, the spread of digital literacy programs and computer courses, and the overall growth in engagement of people from different backgrounds, ethnicities, and languages in digital environments." (Publisher description)
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"The Afrobarometer survey conducted in late 2019 shows that although radio and television remain the most dominant news sources, daily news consumption via social media (by 22% of Ghanaians) and the Internet (19%) is steadily increasing. Social media is less trusted as a source of information – on
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ly 39% of Ghanaians say they trust it “somewhat” or “a lot” – than private and public media (55% each) and government sources (54%). Close to eight in 10 Ghanaians (78%) say politicians and political parties spread information that they know is false. But smaller majorities also blame government officials, journalists, social media users, and activists and interest groups. Although an overwhelming majority (92%) of Ghanaians who have heard of social media think social media usage makes people more aware of current happenings, almost as many (86%) say it makes people more likely to believe fake news. One-third (32%) of Ghanaians support government regulation of access to the Internet and social media, but close to half (48%) prefer unrestricted access. Large majorities of Ghanaians “agree” or “strongly agree” that the government should be able to limit or prohibit the sharing of false news (77%), hate speech (69%), and news and opinions that criticize or insult the president (57%). Close to half (48%) also say the government should be able to limit the spread of information it disapproves of." (Key findings, page 2)
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"En este ensayo, preferimos utilizar la palabra “trashumante” para referirnos sobre todo a la característica del desplazamiento de pobladores jóvenes a zonas de productividad cambiante dentro y fuera del país, adjudicando la de “nómada” a la dimensión cultural de las nuevas generaciones
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. Recuérdese que tradicionalmente, durante casi todo el siglo XX, Venezuela fue un receptor de emigración. Este nuevo fenómeno en nuestro país, se diferencia de los otros movimientos anteriores de flujos juveniles hacia el exterior por motivos de estudios, por traslados de los profesionales de las empresas multinacionales, por viajes de aventura y turismo u otras dinámicas similares de los jóvenes en esta etapa vital de transición a la adultez. Ahora a las condiciones evolutivas del ciclo vital se añade el shock del país y la variación de las percepciones internas y externas, derivadas de la migración [...] La primera parte considerará los cambios en las condiciones de vida de los jóvenes en estos últimos veinte años de trashumancia, la segunda, las pautas conductuales vinculadas a la incorporación de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación con los rasgos del nomadismo cultural, y en la tercera parte se reflexionará sobre las principales características y retos de las identidades virtuales en la cibercultura." (Entrada, página 7-8)
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"Facts and Figures 2020 reveals that people in rural areas continue to face greater challenges than people in urban areas in terms of remaining connected during the lockdown, especially in developing economies. Large swathes of the rural landscape are still not covered by mobile broadband networks,
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and fewer households in these areas have access to the Internet. Also worrying, the rollout of communications infrastructure is slowing. Since growth in communications infrastructure deployment was already showing signs of slowing in 2019, it is still too early to tell whether growth has stalled because of the pandemic, or whether there are other factors at play. This new edition of Facts and Figures also finds that mobile cellular subscriptions have been declining for the first time in history, and that growth in mobile broadband subscriptions is levelling out. Here, as before, it is not certain if this a result of the COVID-19 crisis: it will be interesting to see what happens once the world finally reverts to a more normal state of affairs. On a more optimistic note, our research confirms that, where connectivity is available, and affordable, young people are enthusiastic adopters of technology and have relatively high levels of Internet use. While overall just over half of the global population is using the Internet, among young people aged 15 to 24 this rises to almost 70 per cent. This is particularly encouraging in view of the fast-growing youth demographic in much of the developing world, where digital technologies have the potential to become a major accelerator of economic growth and development and an important driver of progress towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals." (Foreword)
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"La primera parte, justo después de esta introducción, aborda las necesidades más habituales de los medios de comunicación a la hora de hacer los análisis de redes. Muchas veces resulta difícil saber por dónde empezar a analizar la actividad en las redes sociales. La primera parte del manual
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te ayudará a encontrar rápidamente las respuestas que necesitas sin tener que buscar por todo el documento. En la segunda parte, nos fijaremos en algunos de los aspectos básicos del análisis de redes. Veremos lo que significan las diferentes métricas de las redes sociales y cuáles son las más importantes. La tercera parte explica brevemente los recursos que necesitamos para analizar eficazmente nuestra comunicación por internet. La cuarta parte es la más importante de este manual. En esta sección, nos centramos en Facebook, Twitter, YouTube y WhatsApp, y te explicamos cómo utilizar herramientas de análisis gratuitas para obtener mayor información sobre tu comunicación y tu audiencia. En esta guía no abordamos Instagram porque cuando la elaboramos había muy pocos socios de la DW Akademie en África activos en la plataforma. La quinta parte es una introducción a cómo elaborar informes y cuál es la mejor manera de presentar los análisis a jefes o publicistas. La sexta parte sirve de orientación para facilitadores que quieran utilizar este manual en talleres o cursos. Y, por último, la séptima parte contiene un glosario exhaustivo que explica los términos técnicos más importantes en el campo del análisis de redes sociales." (Introducción, página 4)
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Since ITU first published this Manual in 2009, the digital technology sector has evolved almost beyond recognition. The Internet is now accessed through a multitude of devices, including mobile phones, tablets and similar handheld computers. The impressive spread of mobile broadband networks has bro
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ught online access to people in areas where fixed infrastructure is limited – for example, outside major urban areas, especially in developing countries. And the world over, more and more young people are growing up using digital technologies.
The second edition of the Manual, published in 2014, extended the list of ICT indicators and added a full on coordination of the national statistical system in the area of ICT statistics. However, the continued rapid growth and evolution of the global information society demands continuous review of our current ICT indicators and their definitions. A key component of ITU’s statistical work therefore involves the development and revision of the international standards used to monitor the progress of countries’ transformation into information societies.
In this third edition, we continue the trend of expanding the list of ICT indicators, while taking stock of the experiences of developed and developing countries alike in the implementation of ICT surveys. In addition, we have also introduced new measurement topics, reflecting the evolving nature of digital access and use.
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"We recruited participants aged 13-14 in three countries: Mexico, South Africa and the Netherlands. Through a questionnaire, an observation exercise and interviews, we gathered information in order to identify trends [...] We constructed a number of global personas that cut across the groups. Safety
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Seeker: Aims to avoid potential harm online; they do not interact with content they believe is not genuine and they are discerning about friend requests. Awareness Raiser: Is concerned about global issues and considers the positive impact of online content more important than its veracity. Entertainment Junkie: Cares about having fun, being entertained and making friends smile; truth isn’t as important. Dedicated Fan: Believes content posted by the people they admire and will call out fake news about the things they care about. Socialiser: Is all about friends, connecting across several social media platforms. They are discerning about friends but still have hundreds – and they believe the things they share. Scroller: Doesn’t engage with misinformation or content they don’t care about; they just scroll on past. They can be challenging to engage." (Executive summary, page 4-5)
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"[Este libro] presenta ocho capítulos que se muestran críticos frente a las posibilidades y promesas de la cultura digital, denunciando que la red ha reproducido las formas de desigualdad del mundo analógico. Los autores proponen una reflexión crítica frente a ciertos discursos que se presentan
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como democráticos y subversivos en la sociedad del e-conocimiento, pero que esconden en su funcionamiento retazos de la tiranía monopolizadora neocapitalista que ha encontrado en el ciberespacio un nuevo lugar de colonización y explotación. Muestran una visión crítica, política e ideológica desde el ámbito latinoamericano, una visión un tanto tecnopesimista en ocasiones, pero muy necesaria en el siglo xxi." (Prólogo, página 10)
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"Ocho de cada diez personas en Lima tienen por lo menos una cuenta en una red social." (Página 1)
"La primera vez que CPI midió la presencia de Netflix en los hogares, fue en el 2017, logrando una penetración de 17,4% en Lima metropolitana. Al año siguiente, 2018, Netflix experimentó un crecimiento de 62% con una penetración de 28,2%. Durante el presente año, según nuestra última medici
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n de agosto, el crecimiento mantiene su ritmo exponencial alcanzando un 34% más respecto al 2018, y casi 120% respecto al 2017. Actualmente, la penetración es de 37,7%; sin embargo, el analisis según niveles socioeconómicos (NSE), es interesante ver que el A/B alcanzar una alta penetración con 75,8%, lo que representa un crecimiento del 91% respecto al 2017; mientras que el NSE C ha crecido crecido un 134% y el NSE D/E un 267% respecto al mismo año. Se estima para los próximos años un crecimiento mayor, no solo del servicio de Netflix, sino del servicio de streaming en general en cualquiera de sus plataformas. Este crecimiento, creemos, debería reflejarse en segmentos de menores recursos, los cuales ya han ido presentando incrementos importantes." (Página 1-2)
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"L’étude suggère que les médias sociaux ne sont pas toujours la panacée pour l’engagement citoyen des jeunes. Internet n’est pas un monde isolé en soi dans le sens où il ne fait que prolonger les usages éprouvés dans la vie citoyenne. Son rôle dans l’essor des Révolutions arabes a
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quelques fois été surestimé. Sans aucun doute, les médias sociaux permettent aux jeunes hommes et femmes, déjà engagés dans les champs civils et politiques, de se structurer davantage, mais ils peuvent difficilement faire germer des vocations nouvelles envers la chose publique, notamment auprès de groupes auto-exclus de la sphère citoyenne comme les jeunes vulnérables, les jeunes femmes ou encore les populations rurales. L’originalité de l’étude tient en premier lieu à l’examen des « contenus participatifs », c’est-à-dire les divers types de contenus et de messages publiés par les usagers des plateformes jugées populaires auprès des jeunes. Ainsi, l’étude analyse savamment les dispositifs techniques ou technologiques, susceptibles d’accroître le succès et l’interactivité des plateformes web dirigées par et pour les jeunes, ainsi que les contenus qui y sont produits et relayés. Elle apporte des enseignements précieux dont la nécessaire agrégation de contenus et de ressources ciblant simultanément différentes tranches d’âges et d’usage, la nécessité de favoriser des sujets relatifs à la situation concrète des jeunes, et l’impératif d’alterner intelligemment des activités en ligne et des actions en présentiel (face-to-face). D’autres facteurs semblent susceptibles de rehausser l’attractivité et le dynamisme des plateformes, comme par exemple, la mise en avant de personnalités influentes et identifiables, la garantie de l’anonymat et de la sécurité des usagers ainsi que la lutte contre la censure, notamment dans les contextes de crise marqués par une réduction des libertés. Fait inattendu, l’étude relativise l’importance, sinon l’attrait, des dimensions graphiques et purement visuelles pour le succès et la pérennité des plateformes." (Préface, page 7)
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"The Next Billion Users reveals that many assumptions about internet use in developing countries are wrong. After immersing herself in factory towns, slums, townships, and favelas, Payal Arora assesses real patterns of internet usage in India, China, South Africa, Brazil, and the Middle East. She fi
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nds Himalayan teens growing closer by sharing a single computer with common passwords and profiles. In China's gaming factories, the line between work and leisure disappears. In Riyadh, a group of young women organize a YouTube fashion show. Why do citizens of states with strict surveillance policies appear to care so little about their digital privacy? Why do Brazilians eschew geo-tagging on social media? What drives young Indians to friend "foreign" strangers on Facebook and give "missed calls" to people? The Next Billion Users answers these questions and many more. Through extensive fieldwork, Arora demonstrates that the global poor are far from virtuous utilitarians who mainly go online to study, find jobs, and obtain health information. She reveals habits of use bound to intrigue everyone from casual internet users to developers of global digital platforms to organizations seeking to reach the next billion internet users." (Publisher description)
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"How is society being reshaped by the continued diffusion and increasing centrality of the Internet in everyday life and work? Society and the Internet provides key readings for students, scholars, and anyone with a serious interest in understanding the interactions of the Internet and society. Spaw
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ned from a series of lectures at the University of Oxford, this multidisciplinary set of theoretically and empirically anchored chapters address the big questions about perhaps the most significant technological transformation of the 21st century. The authors employ a diversity of data, methods, and approaches to address these questions in creative ways. Internet research needs to keep learning from the past, ground itself in a diversity of disciplinary perspectives, and continue to look to the future. In doing so, Internet Studies can address core questions about equality, voice, knowledge, participation, and power; and provide a better understanding of what the ever-changing configurations of technology and society mean not only for everyday life, but also for major developments in the politics, economic, and cultural development of societies across the world. Understanding the role of the Internet in society is critical to addressing the major issues of policy and practice, from the nature of democracy and freedom of expression to how we learn, work and play in everyday life." (Publisher description)
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